The aeUV'Sity of HOng Kong

TH

Textbook for
General Education
Foundation Prograll11ne

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1HUMAN EXPLORATION OF THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE

TEXT 1A
TEXT 1B
TEXT 2
TEXT 3A
TEXT 3B

3
7
10
26
32

PART 2HUMAN EXPLORATION OF THE WORLD OF LIFE

36

TEXT 4
TEXT 5
TEXT 6

36
61
106

PART 3OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN UNDERSTANDING

117

TEXT 7
TEXT 8
TEXT 9
TEXT 10A
TEXT 11A
TEXT 11B

117
136
147
185
202
216

Socrates 399

6 5

6
5

427-348 347

388
4.2

Republic

((Demiurge))

Phaedo

384 Stagila
Macedon
Amyntasii
17
347

Theophrastus
335
(Lyceum) 322

150 30

5
4

(l)(2)(3)

(agency)

finis

55

On the Heavens

3.2

Plenum

3.3

400000 = 45000
1.8

Physics

VF/R (V)(F)(R)
(W);
VW/R

VF R

2.6 12

(Eudoxus)

55

physicaphysicus
physis
(nature)
physis

1617

Autolycus of Pitane 300

( quickness)( speed)

(Gerard of Brussels) 13
Book on Motion

(kinematics)

14
1325 1350
1349
( William Heytesbury 1335 )
(John of Dumbleton 1349 )
Richard Swineshead 1340-1355

(intensity)

( quantity)

297
( Giovanni di Casali)
1351

AB 12.2 AC

AE 12.3
A

 A E
A E
AE
12.4

12.3

12.5

12.6

12.7

12.7(b) 14

( Merton rule)(mean-speed theorem)

300

10 30
20
ACG ( 12.8)
BE
ACDF BE

 ACG ACDF

13
BCGE 12.8 ABE
3:1

20

17

6
575

13
14
Franciscus de Marchia
1320

(impetus)

17

17

1687 E

300

(Robert Hooke)

17

Edmund
Halley)Sir Christopher Wren

1684 1

6
1684 8
(DeMoivre)
1684

20

De motu corporum
Philosophiac naturalis principia mathematica
1687

12

50

(impressed)motive

F2
A1 A2

 W g

A V
T
V=AT

F1F2F3 A1A2A3
F1F2F3
a1a2a3

m1=2m2

15

11 12

 l:

2:

3:
vis insita

4:

5:

10 30 90

infinitum

I:

M A A
B N A A C ABCD
A D N AC
BD BD M
BD N
BD CD
D A
D

Downi ng
Curcul i o

al l i gator[1]
sal
monstag-beetl e[2]
MFabre

Si
r
R
Heron

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North
Bri ti sh
Revi ew
1867

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[3]
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of
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an
bee

Sprengel

Grtner

barberry

Hi l debrand

di chogamous
pl ants

233 78
78

Orders

Mori tz
Wagner

OOswal d
Heer

Ganoi d
fi shes


Orni thorhynchusLepi dosi ren

260 162

 162 100

Mil ne
Edwards

MrWater-house

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a1
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n14 z14

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(. Proceedings

Scionce)

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V th /nterrnai Congress of the Hlstory of

1974 1 -18 :()

~ Science and Tecology in East Asia)

Naturwissensc haft; Weber u nd N eed harn +"

ber K on fr.Jzianismus und Tanw;_

( 1977 J L
i Woltganq

r ~rpr()t3tlDn

11

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Mnch .

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Chi l1 esische

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L. '1.1IhV China has n Scienc e- An

Intefpretation ot :he History and Consc:-qucn (:'s of Ch inesc P 1:souhy.. )) ~. The

Jn/ernatnal Journal ot Ethic.s)

19::.'?;_ 32 .

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H{ E u h ) ( .. Evidence for' laws o{

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1ll.

{ Harvard Joumal of Asiatic

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[1] Ivor Thomas , Greek M themtical Wo Vol. 1, Loeb Classical Library,

Cambridge, MA , 1967, pp. viii- ix.

[2] Ibid. , p. 39 1.
[3] Ibid. , p. 147.
[4] Heath, Thrteen Books 01 Euclid's Elements, Vol. 1, p. 153.
[5J Dunham , Journey through Gen pp. 37- 38.
[6J Thomas , G'ek Mthemtical Works , p. ix.
[7] Heath , Thirteen Books 01 Euclid's Elements , Vol. 1, pp. 253- 254.
[8] Proclus , Commenta on the First Book, p. 25 1.
[9] Ibid.
[10] A. Conan Doyle , The Complete Sherlock Holmes , Garden City Books ,
Garden City, NY, 1930, p. 12.
[11] Heath , Thirteen Books

01 Euclid's Elements, Vol. 1, p.

4.

[12] Americn Mathematical Month Vol. 99, No. 8 , October 1992, p. 773.
[13] Morris Kline, Mathemtics Westem Cultur Oxford U. Press , New
York, 1953, p . 54.
[14] G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology, Cambridge U. Press , New
York, 1967, pp. 80- 8 1.

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