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Hvironmerrta: Tests
Hvironmerrta: Tests
Hvironmerrta: Tests
Blaney
Risk R e i u c t 'on
l
E l q h i n g Labmatory
U.S. hvironmerrta1 pratedion Agency
C i n c h t i , OH 45268
415
AirAct. Sinceopenstoragetanks
and activated sludge and other
aerated treabnent processes are
cannrmly used for managaement of
organics in wastewaters, the patential exists for significant emis-
gradientbetweenthetwophases. In
steam stripping, live steam is used
asthegasphase.
mesteamboth
D, F a n d G i n t h i s p a p e r - s a n p l d
by the USEPA as part of this program.
Steam Striming
417
aJ
.r
v)
I-'
FmcEss
DEsFuPrIw
!l%aqueausphaseofasteam
s t r i p ' s amlensate must be disposed of, however, and this require
merit must be carefully ccosidered in
deciding whether stripping is an
appropriate recycling technique. I n
a few instances, the small a"t of
water need not be separated f"
the
ompnic phase and the entire condensate can be recycled (5). Generally, h-er,
the aqluecxls condensate must be treated to a point
Mere it can meet permit ccalitions
upon dischaqe to either surface
waters or a municipal sewer. While
this can be accanplishea thmiyh a
sepa?ate p?mcess, the pmblem is
usually handled by recycling the
aquecus c " a t e to the influent
stream of the stripper. "his
Plant
Identifier
NA
Wastewater Flaw
R a t e fl/min)
Volatile 0 r p n . i ~
LoaainCr Rate f k d1)
Feed/SRatio Ilcdkq)
41.5
14.6
9.6
21.0
4.6
10.5
852
292
28.8
2,390
286
NA
499
19.0
14.7
110
5.29
7.1
30.5
0.395
1.4
- Not available.
418
Plant C p r c x 3 . 1 ~1,2-dichloro~
ethane (E)
and vinyl chloride
"
E
I
- (VCM).
Wastewaters fran the
EDC/vcM proauction operation and
fran other parts of the plant,
including stom water runoff, are
treateabysteamstriwing. lbe
feed rate to the s t r i p is i n the
range of 760 to 950 l/min (200-250
gpn). 'Ihere is no pretreatmnt of
this stream and the f e d stream contained 1.4 g/1 filterable solids
d u r k USEPA field tests. As a consequence, the w l m amtains trays
insteadofpackingandbaththe
c o l and
~ heat exchangers m u s t be
baclayasheapericdically. The
effluent fmm the steam s t r i p
passesthrcughaheatexchangerand
is then serrt to a wastewater treatment system for txeabsnt of residual, " v o l a t i l e organics. Ihe
condensate could be phase separated
by decanting, kut a t this facility
the c c s r p ~ l e t eaqueDus/organic mixture
is recycled directly to the iranufacturing Process (5)
chlorhtedh-ns.
Steam
s t r i m treat wastewater generated
by varicus chlorinatd hydrocarbon
prcduction u n i t s operated a t the
facility. scrubber blcw d m
streams, aqueous reactor equipnent
stream and pad water are collected
frcan arcund the facility and pumped
to settling tanks prior to stripping.
Ihe one exception is wastewater from
the VCM prcduction unit which is
prmpedy t o t h e s t r i p p e r . In
the settling tanks insoluble
O I y a n i C s are separated frcm the
aquecxls stream, which is then fed to
thestrippers. Totalsuspended
solids c " t i o n s
i n the feed
w e r e law, ranging from 6.4 t o 65.6
m g l over three days. ?tJo wastewater strippers operated i n parallel
are used for treatmnt and waste
wlmtion as NPDES treatment units.
Approximately 2,400 l/lnb (650 g p )
of wastewater enter the s t r i p .
Plant E is an explosives mfacturing plant w i t h pmcess wastewater streanrs that are preacaniMtely
419
redwaterandwhitewater.
nlese
-Passthmugh--
the oils are separated fran the process. ' I h e r e i s n o a t h e r p ~ t ment of the stream and 6aoe fouling
of the feed preheater results,
althOU$lplantpSEWUldrep0 rted
less than one percent dawn time for
theunit. Ihesteamstripperis
packed w i t h 2.5 an (l-inczl) diameter
stainless steel rings and had a feed
rate of -My
500 l/min during USEPA tests. "he effluent fran
the steam s t r i p passes through a
heat exchanger and then through one
of two carbon adsorptionbeds. Ihe
carbon served as a polishirq step
remwing residual organics fran the
wastestream. -pHadjustment,
the effluent stream is discharged to
a r i v e r . Thecondensate isphase
separatedinadecanter. 'Ihe
aqueaus phase is returned to the
s t r i p feed tank, while the
organicphaseisrcutedtoan
organics slop sunp (5).
Plant F is a chemical manufacturing facility which uses steam
stripping for t r e a t m m t and material
reclamation fran wastewater streams
SenerateabY-p'on units
inoneprocessareaoftheplant.
"bluene is the principal canpound
beingrecovered. w a s t e m a r e
pretreated by either a primary
decanter (for toluene remaVal) or an
evaporator (for solids thickenirq)
and then flow to the steam stripper
feed decanter where additianal separation of insoluble organics is
obtained. 'Ifaeflowratetothe
steam stripgw is 60 to 150 l/min
(15-40 gpn) Total suspended solids
concerrtration ranged fran nondetedable (<4.0 Wl) to 8.5 q/l wing
USEPA field tests. Ihe column is
2.5 feet in dimter and contains 20
sieve trays. Ihe c o " a t e fran
the f i r s t stage ar&nser is
recycledtothefeeddecanter.
steam s t r i p bottonr; are dis-
me
Plant G is an agricultural
chmical manufactwing facility.
'Ihe primary saurceof wastewater
for t h i s plant's water layer steam
me perfonrance data demonstrates that contirnuxls steam stripping achieves efficient (>95%)
remval for a range of cmpmmis,
typically yielding a " t i c n s
of
individual carpwxlnds of less than
1.0 ppn. (An exception, Plant E,
fcmfi it more &-effective
to
achieve these levels by a canbira-
420
Table 2.
Steam
ccncentration
pollutant
lxlIw
Cutlet
c3"tiOn
lxmw
IlmaVal
wt. %
Plant A
chlorcmethane
Methylene chloride
Chlorofann
C a r b n tetrachloride
Trichlomethylene
1,1,2-TrichlorOethane
TotalMc
Plant B
Methylene chloride
chloroform
cat-bon Tetrachloride
TotalMc
33
4,490
1,270
55
5.6
5.3
5,860
<O .005
<O
.005
<O. 005
<O. 005
<O. 037
>99.98
>99.999
>99.999
>99.99
>99.9
>99.9
>99.999
3,600
52
<2.3
3 ,654
<0.19
5.3
<O. 17
<5.6
>99.99
89
>92
>99.8
5,630
271
0.27
1.7
0.38
9.6
11
4.7
8.9
1.2
1.4
7.5
4.8
8.4
5,960
0.097
9.6
<0.01
<o 01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<9.8
99.998
96.4
>96
>99.4
>97
>99.89
>99.91
>99.8
>99.8
>99.1
>99.2
>99.8
>99.7
>99.8
>99.8
25.4
61.7
68.5
181
974
44.6
45.0
156
<0.041
<O. 045
<O .227
1.75
2.15
<O .051
<O. 078
0.188
>99.84
>99.93
>99.67
99.03
99.78
>99.89
>99.83
99.88
.
<O .006
<o 011
Plant c
1,2-Dichloroethane
aiLorofom
Benzene
carbon tetrachloride
aiL0-ene
C h l o e
1,1-Dichlo"m
1,I-DichlOroethene
1,2-Dichlo"Ie
Methylene chloride
Tetra-chlOlX&helW
1,1,2-Tri&lomethane
Trichloroethene
vinyl chloride
TatalMc
Plant D
1,l-Dichlo"
1,l-Dichloroethsure
tranS-l,2-Dichlomethane
chlomfom
1,2-Dichl1,1,1-Trichlomethane
Trichl1,1,2-TrichlorOethane
421
(continues)
Table 2.
Inlet
Commtxation
maw
m11Utarrt
outlet
c"tion
lxnw
Remwal
wt. %
P l a n t D -(
Tetrachloroethene
Totalvo
162
1994
<O .171
4.90
>99.89
99.75
Plant E
Nitrabenzene
2-Nitrdml4-Nitmtoluene
TatalMc
505
78
51
634
41.0
2.4
4.4
47.8
(<0.8)a
(<0.8)
(<O. 8 )
(<2.4)
91.8
96.9
91.4
92.4
(>99.8) a
p98.9)
(>98.4)
(>99.6)
Plant F
Benzene
chlorobenzene
lI2-DichlOrabenzene
1,3-DichlOrObenzene
1,4-DiChlOrabenzene
Eulylbenzene
Toluene
*Xylene
M-xylene
P-xylene
Totalvo
1.84
1.47
3.04
3.51
3.29
2.45
779
1.00
1.53
1.00
798
0.0020
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.283
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.305
99.89
99.80
99.84
99.94
99.92
99.92
99.96
99.80
99.87
99.80
99.96
Plant G
Benzene
Toluene
m y 1 Benzene
Isaphorone
Naphthalene
5-ml-1
2-l4ethylpyridine
,
1,2 ,3 , 4 - T e t x a h ~ p h t h a l e n e
2-Methyl-1 3-cyClopentanedicne
Total cnt3anics
5.06
1.07
1.46
1.04
12.0
96.4
76.7
9.91
12.1
225
0.012
0.007
0.005
0.026
0.026
9.18
0.789
0.127
0.127
10.3
99. 62b
98. 94b
99.44b
96. OZb
99. 66b
84. 54b
98. 33b
97.95
98.2
92. 45b
422
-~
allow a 1-e
percentage of these
ccwpaunds to be separated by d m t ing fmn the aqueous condensate
prduced by the stripping process.
N i n e t y - f a r percent of the stripped
nitz&emene w a s removed frum the
&i.le we?-98% of the
nibmtoluene iscmers were remared.
423
REFERENCES
1.
5.
mentalprrrtecticnAgencyReport
NO. EPA/600/2-86/095
EPA/600/2-87/CB4a.
(1986).
3.
4.
6.
d.,Technalo-
Disclaimer
424