By: Cheryl Ann T.

Limbo

Stock Market
collapsed
30% unemployed (18
million)
Massive hunger
6,000 banks closed
Farms closed
2,600 schools closed
Admission to state
mental hospitals up
by 300%
2M homeless

Stick to laissez-faire.
Prosperity is just around
the corner.
Mutual self-help through
voluntary giving
HERBERT HOOVER

Happy days are here again.

I promise a NEW DEAL.

The only thing to fear is fear

itself.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

A set of government programs

intended to fix the depression
and prevent future depressions

Emphasis: reform
Primary aim: economic recovery
Philosophy: economic nationalism and

economic scarcity (i.e., raise prices by

creating the illusion of scarcity)
Objectives: higher prices for agriculture and
business
Beneficiaries: big business and agricultural
business

Lasted from March

to June 1933
Philosophy: Get
people help and
work through
deficit spending
Congress passed
more than 15
legislations that
expanded
governments role in
the nations
economy & welfare

Group of advisers who assisted FDR in making

early economic policies.
Memeber included Profs. Moley, Tugwell and
Berle
Members had varying opinions about
jumpstarting the economy
Eventually disbanded to make way for other
experts

MOLEY

TUGWELL

BERLE

Emphasis: reform
Primary aim: permanent reform
Philosophy: international economic

cooperation and economic abundance

Objectives: increased purchasing power and
social security for public
Beneficiaries: small farmers and labor

Relief

Recovery

Reform

Give help (usually money) to

poor people in need

Fix the economy in the short run

and put the people back to work

Regulate the economy in the

future to prevent future
depressions

Emergency Banking Act,

1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

National Recovery Act,

1933
Home Owners Loan
Corp, 1933
Federal Housing
Administration, 1934
Agricultural Adjustment
Act, 1933 and 1937

Glass-Steagall Banking
Act, 1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934
Social Security Act, 1935

National Labor Relations

Act, 1935
Fair Labor Standards Act,
1938

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935

Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933

Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Closed the nations banks (Bank

Holiday)
Bank examiners check banks
Sound Banks Reopen

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Distributed $500,000 to states

and cities so they could
distribute money, clothing, and
food to the homeless and
unemployed

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935

Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933

Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Money given to contractors for

public works
Built bridges, schools, airports,
roads, Navy ships
Spent more than $6B

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933

Works Progress
Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

It put millions of people to work

doing things like painting murals,
sewing clothes, running nursery
schools and serving school
lunches. But most WPA workers
built things.
Also provided adults with job
training & enrichment
opportunities

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933

Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Provide employment for young

men between ages of 18-25
conserving natural resources
Enlistees were paid $30/month,
$25 were sent home to their
families
2.5 million men enlisted

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935

Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933

Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Regional Development Project In

Southeast
Intended to provide jobs, cheap
electricity, flood control through
construction of dams
Dams and power plants
government owned

Emergency
Banking Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
National Recovery
Public
Works
Act, 1933
Administration,
Home Owners
1933 Loan
Corp, 1933
Works Progress
Federal
Housing
Administration,
Administration,
1935 1934
Agricultural
Civilian
Adjustment
Act,
Conservation
1933
and 1933
1937
Corps,
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act,

1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934

Act, 1935
Centerpiece of NewSocial
DealSecurity
Recovery
Program
National Labor Relations Act,
Created a partnership of business, labor,
1935
and government
Standards Act,
Sought to promoteFair
fairLabor
competition,
regulate wages, working conditions,
1938
production, prices and institute collective
bargaining
Created codes of fair competition

Emergency
Banking Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
National Recovery
Public
Works
Act, 1933
Administration,
Home Owners
1933 Loan
Corp, 1933
Works Progress
Federal
Housing
Administration,
Administration,
1935 1934
Agricultural
Civilian
Adjustment
Act,
Conservation
1933
and 1933
1937
Corps,
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act,

1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934
Social Security Act, 1935

Purpose is to National
refinance
homes to
Labor Relations Act,
prevent foreclosures 1935
Amortized shorter
Fair Labor
loans
Standards
to ones
Act,
1938 (20 to
with longer time periods
30 years)

Emergency
Banking Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
National Recovery
Public
Works
Act, 1933
Administration,
Home Owners
1933 Loan
Corp, 1933
Works Progress
Federal
Housing
Administration,
Administration,
1935 1934
Agricultural
Civilian
Adjustment
Act,
Conservation
1933
and 1933
1937
Corps,
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act,

1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934
Social Security Act, 1935

Purpose was to
improve housing
National Labor Relations Act,
standards and conditions
1935 and
find funding for
Fairhomeowners
Labor Standards Act,
Provided home loans,1938
home
mortgages and repairs

Emergency
Banking Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
National Recovery
Public
Works
Act, 1933
Administration,
Home Owners
1933 Loan
Corp, 1933
Works Progress
Federal
Housing
Administration,
Administration,
1935 1934
Agricultural
Civilian
Adjustment
Act,
Conservation
1933
and 1933
1937
Corps,
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act,

1933
Securities Exchange Act,
1934

Social Security Act, 1935

Sought to control
overproduction
Nationalof
Labor
Relations Act,
and increase prices
agricultural
1935
products
Paid farmers to Fair
reduce
numberAct,
of
Labor Standards
acres they planted and1938
livestock
raised
funded through a tax on food
processors

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Glass-Steagall
Banking
Relief Act, 1933
Act, 1933
Public Works
Securities
Exchange
Administration,
Act,1933
1934
Social
Security
Act,
Works
Progress
1935
Administration,
1935
National
Labor
Relations
Act, 1935
Civilian
Conservation
Corps,
Fair
Labor Standards
Act,1933
1938
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

National Recovery Act,

1933
Home Owners Loan Corp,
1933

Established
the Federal Deposit
Federal Housing
Administration,
1934 (FDIC)
Insurance
Corp.
Agricultural
Adjustment
FDIC
insured
account holders up
Act, 1933 and 1937
to $5,000 and set strict
standards for banks to follow

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Glass-Steagall
Banking
Relief Act, 1933
Act, 1933
Public Works
Securities
Exchange
Administration,
Act,1933
1934
Social
Security
Act,
Works
Progress
1935
Administration,
1935
National
Labor
Relations
Act, 1935
Civilian
Conservation
Corps,
Fair
Labor Standards
Act,1933
1938
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

National Recovery Act,

1933

Home Owners Loan Corp,

1933

Required full disclosure of stock

Federalfor
Housing
offered
sale and fair treatment
ofAdministration,
investors 1934
Agricultural Adjustment
Established
Securities and
Act, 1933 and 1937
Exchange
Commission (SEC) to
provide market stability and
protect investors

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Glass-Steagall
Banking
Relief Act, 1933
Act, 1933
Public Works
Securities
Exchange
Administration,
Act,1933
1934

National Recovery Act,

1933

Social
Security
Act,
Works
Progress
1935
Administration,

1935
National
Labor
Relations
Act, 1935
Civilian

Conservation
Corps,
Fair
Labor Standards
Act,1933
1938
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Home Owners Loan Corp,

One of 1933
the most important

achievements
of the New Deal era
Federal Housing
Provided
old-age
Administration,
1934 pension,
unemployment
compensation and
Agricultural Adjustment
Act,
and 1937
aid
to1933
families
with dependent
children & disabled (welfare)

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Glass-Steagall
Banking
Relief Act, 1933
Act, 1933
Public Works
Securities
Exchange
Administration,
Act,1933
1934
Social
Security
Act,
Works
Progress
1935
Administration,
1935
National
Labor
Relations
Act, 1935
Civilian
Conservation
Corps,
Fair
Labor Standards
Act,1933
1938
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

National Recovery Act,

1933
Loan
Home
AlsoOwners
known
asCorp,
Wagner Act
1933
Created
the National Labor

Federal Housing
Relations
Council
Administration, 1934
Protected
workers, ensured
Agricultural Adjustment
collective
bargaining and
Act, 1933 and
1937
preserved
the
right to unionize
Outlawed unfair labor practices
like blacklisting

Emergency Banking
Act, 1933

Federal Emergency
Glass-Steagall
Banking
Relief Act, 1933
Act, 1933
Public Works
Securities
Exchange
Administration,
Act,1933
1934

National Recovery Act,

1933

Social
Security
Act,
Works
Progress
1935
Administration,

1935
National
Labor
Relations
Act, 1935
Civilian

Conservation
Corps,
Fair
Labor Standards
Act,1933
1938

Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933

Home Owners Loan Corp,

Guaranteed
a federal
1933

minimum
wage
(25 cents per hour)
Federal Housing
Maximum
working
hours at 44 per
Administration,
1934
week
Agricultural Adjustment
Act, 1933 and 1937
Guaranteed
overtime pay at time
and a half
Prohibited oppressive child labor

Conservative opponents said the New

Deal went too far:

It was socialism (killed individualism)

It added to the national debt ($35 billion)
It wasted money on relief and encouraged
idleness
It violated the constitution & states rights
It increased the power of the
Presidency (FDR was reaching toward
dictatorship, Congress a rubber stamp,
independence of judiciary threatened, separation
of powers shattered)

 Conservative
opponents to the New
Deal had an
organization called
the American Liberty
League. They had
money but were small
in numbers, so FDR
was not worried.

Radical opponents
said the New Deal
did not go far
enough. They were
demagogues
(rabble-rousers) and
had popular
followings, so FDR
was concerned.

Senator Huey Long said

New Deal relief measures
were mere crumbs and
advocated a share the
wealth plan (i.e., a
guaranteed annual
income of at least $5,000
for every American,
financed by confiscating
wealth of people who
made over $5 million per
year).

Father Charles Coughlin

was a rabble-rousing radio
priest from Detroit. His
broadcasts were called the
Golden Hour of the Little
Flower. He claimed there
was an international
bankers conspiracy and
Jews were responsible. He
advocated nationalization
of banking and currency
and national resources and
demanded a living wage.

Dr. Francis E. Townsend

was an elderly physician
from CA. He had a plan
for the federal
government to pay $200
per month to
unemployed people over
60. The program would
be financed by a 2%
national sales tax and
each pensioner would be
required to spend the
money in 30 days. This
would stimulate the
economy.

FDR sponsored moderate legislation to silence

radical opposition:
Revenue Act of 1935 Response to Huey Long.
Increased taxes on large incomes and corporations.
Banking Act of 1935 Response to Coughlin. Extended
federal control
over private banking practices.
Social Security Act of 1935
Response to Townsend.
Included provisions for
unemployables (dependent children, the disabled, blind),
unemployment insurance, and old-age pensions.

The Election of 1936:

Made the Democratic
party the majority party
Created a new
Democratic coalition
composed of both
traditional elements and
new elements
Showed that the
American people
rejected radical
solutions to depression

Steps FDR took to protect New Deal

accomplishments (both failed):
Court-Packing Plan (proposed increasing
Supreme Court from 9 to 15 members, caused in
revolt in Dem. Party)
Purge of the Democratic Party in the Election of
1938 (came out strongly in favor of liberal Dem.
Candidates, evidence that he interfered in a state
campaign, Republicans gained strength in both
houses of Congress)

Reasons for decline of New Deal reform after

1937:
Court-packing plan made Congress irritable.
Recession of 1937-38 weakened confidence in
New Deal measures. Republicans gained
strength in both houses.
Attempted purge of Democratic party failed.
Conservative Democrats were elected to office.
Resentful of attempted party purge, they joined
ranks with Republicans to block New Deal
legislation.
Increasing focus on foreign affairs.

Attacked soil erosion

Built dams and planted
trees to prevent floods
Reclaimed the
grasslands of the Great
Plains
Developed water power
resources
Encouraged regional
reconstruction projects
like the TVA and
Columbia River project

Established the principle

that government has
responsibility for the
health, welfare, and
security, as well as the
protection and education
of its citizens
Embraced social security,
public health, housing
Entered the domain of
agriculture and labor

Strengthened
executive branch
Reasserted
presidential
leadership
Revitalized political
party as a vehicle for
the popular will and
as an instrument for
effective action.

Redefined the concept of

democracy so that it
included not only
political rights but
economic security and
social justice as well.

The New Deal maintained a

democratic system of
government and society in a
world threatened by
totalitarianism.
Increased size and scope of
government to meet needs of
the depression
Provided the leadership that
enabled Congress to put
through the necessary relief,
recovery, and reform
measures.
Sponsored moderate
legislation to neutralize the
popularity of radical
opponents