CHAPTER 1

CONSTRUCTION
Construction of pneumatic gear box is as same as constant mesh gear box. But the only
difference is in gear shifting mechanism. In traditional gear box gear is shifted by manually
operated lever. In this case to reduce the manual effort, lever is replaced by Solenoid Plunger
to shift the gear.
The pneumatic gear box model consist the following parts,
Gear box
DC motor
Transformer
Rectifier circuit
Direction control valve
Pneumatic cylinder

1.1GEAR BOX
In our project we use the constant mesh gear box. In this gear box, all the gears are in
constant mesh having dog clutch for engaging and disengaging the gears. It has four pair of
gears, so we can get four different speeds. But in our project to illustrate the working of electro
pneumatic gear box we use only two pair of gears only. So we can get two different speeds
(forward speeds) from this gear box.
It consist two shafts namely main shaft and counter shaft (lay shaft). Two dog clutches
are provided on the main shaft. One between the first and second pair of gears, and the other
between the third and fourth pair of gears. The main shaft is splined and all gears are free on it.
Main shaft is coupled with motor.
Dog clutch can slide on the shaft and rotates with it. Dog clutches having external
notches (slots) to engage with main shaft gears. Main shaft gears having internal notches (slots)
to engage with corresponding notches in dog clutch. All the gears on the counter shaft are rigidly
fixed with it.

1.1.1TYPES OF GEAR BOX

There are many types of gearboxes. Generally, it can be classified as follows:

1. Manual Transmission
a). Sliding mesh gearbox
b). Constant mesh gearbox
c). Synchromesh gearbox
2. Epicyclical gearbox
3. Automatic gearbox
a). Hydromantic gearbox
b). Torque converter gearbox
In automatic transmission, the different ratios between the engine crankshaft and the
wheels are achieved by automatic means. The driver does not need to shift gears, such
transmission make use of the fluid coupling or torque converter, as well as mechanical, hydraulic
or electrical controls.

1.1.2 CONSTANT MESH GEAR BOX

In our pneumatic gear box we use the constant mesh gear box due to its advantages
over other types. So we will the construction and operation of constant mesh gear box in detail.
In this type of gearbox, all the gears are in constant mesh having dog clutches for
engaging and disengaging the gears. Two dog clutches are mounted on the main shaft. One
between the clutch gear and second gear, and the other between the first gear and reverse gear.
The main shaft is splined and all the gears are free on it. Dog clutch can slide on the shaft and
rotates with it. All the gears on the countershaft are rigidly fixed with it.
In this type of gear box, because all the gears are in constant mesh, they are safe from
being damaged and unpleasant grinding sound does not occur while engaging and disengaging
them.

Fig.1.1 constant mesh gear box construction

1.1.2.1 FIRST GEAR

The clutch (D1) is shifted to left side for engaging on (7). Now, the power is transmitted
through the gear (1) (2) (4) (7) and dog clutch (D1). Then, it remains to the main shaft.
Hence the first gear speed is obtained.

Fig.1.2 first gear

1.1.2.2 SECOND GEAR

Now, the dog clutch (D1) is disengaged. The dog clutch (D2) is shifted to right to lock
with the gear (8). Therefore, the power is transmitted from clutch shaft through
(2) (3) (8) and dog clutch (D2) to the main shaft, so the main
second gear speed.

Fig .1.3 second gear

shaft rotates with the

1.1.2.3 THIRD OR TOP GEAR

The dog clutch (D2) is moved left to engage with the gear (1) on clutch shaft. Now, the
engine speed is directly supplied to the main shaft. This is called as top gear speed.

Fig.1.4 Third gear

1.1.2.4 REVERSE GEAR

First, the dog clutch D2 is disengaged. Then the dog clutch D2 is shifted to right to
engage with the gear (6). The idler gear causes the main shaft to rotate in the opposite direction.

Fig.1.5 Reverse gear

1.2 GEAR DESIGN

1.2.1 SPEED 1
No of pinion teeth Z1= 11
No of gear teeth Z2= 49
Velocity ratio, i= Z2/Z1= 49/11 = 4.5
Speed of the motor N1 = 9000 r.p.m
Speed of the pinion N2=N1/i= 9000/4.5 = 2000 r.p.m

1.2.2 SPEED 2
No of pinion teeth Z1= 22
No of gear teeth Z2= 38
Velocity ratio, i= Z2/Z1=38/22 = 2
Speed of the motor N1 = 9000 r.p.m
Speed of the pinion N2=N1/i= 9000/2 = 4500 r.p.m

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE TRANSMISSION

The purpose of transmission in automobile given below,

It helps the engine to be disconnected from the driving wheels.

It helps the running engine to be connected to the driving wheel smoothly and without
shock.

It provides the leverage between the engine and the driving wheels to be varied.

It helps to reduce the engine speed in the ratio of 4:1 in the case of passenger cars and in
a greater ratio in case of lorries.

It helps the turning of the drive round through 90.

It helps the driving wheels to be driven at different speeds.

It gives the relative movement between the engine and the driving wheels due to flexing
of the road springs

1.4 NECESSITY OF TRANSMISSION

When a vehicle is running, various resistances oppose it. In order to keep the vehicle
moving at a uniform speed, a driving force or tractive effort is equal to the sum of all the
opposing forces. If the tractive effort increases the total opposing resistance, the excess tractive

effort will accelerate the vehicle. If the tractive effort is less than the total resistances, the excess
of the resistances will lower down the speed of the vehicle.
When a vehicle starts to move from the rest, it will need more force or high torque at the
time of starting and also for hill climbing, accelerating or carrying heavy loads due to various
opposing resistances. It is done for obtaining uniform speed and driving force or tractive force.
These two forces should be exactly equal to the sum of opposing forces. It can be achieved by
running the engine at high speed and vehicle at low speeds.
After starting the vehicle, it is moving due to momentum gained by the weight of vehicle.
The same force or torque need not require to keep the vehicle in moving. So, the speed of the
road wheels has to be progressively increased when the vehicle gains speed gradually. The
gearbox is mainly provided for high torque at the time of starting.

1.5 SHIFT OR SELECTOR MECHANISM

Gear changing or selecting a particular gear train operation, the selector mechanism is
implemented to obtain the same easier. In this case, the gears are shifted by a gear shift lever. In
manually operated selective transmission system, the gear shift lever mounted either on steering
column or on the floor board.

1.5.1 FLOOR MOUNTED SHIFT MECHANISM

The selector mechanism is provided on the top of the gear box in this type as shown in fig.
the gear lever is ball mounted in the gearbox cover. It provides movement in any direction. The
lower end of the gear lever is fitted into a slot in the selector sleeve. Forks are mounted on the
sleeves on three separate selector rods. These are supported in the gearbox casing. Each selector
sleeve can slide on its rod just to avoid unwanted engagement of gears. Slots are provided on the
selector rods. The sleeves are made with spring loaded balls.
These balls oppose the movement of the forks until some force is applied to the gear lever
to overcome their resistance. Grooves are made on the gear bosses where the selection forks and
fitted in Transverse motion gear lever selects the fork to engage for obtaining the longitudinal
movement. Then the fork is slide to engage the selector gear.

Fig.1.6 floor board type gear shift mechanism

1.5.2 MECHANISM WITH GEAR LEVER AS STEERING COLUMN

One gear lever rod is placed on the steering column as shown in fig. a tongue is fitted on
the gear lever rod to engage the forks by the axial movement of rod. Then the angular movement
of the gear shift lever slides in the gearbox and thereby engaging the selected gear.

Fig.1.7 gear shift mechanism in steering column

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1.6 DC MOTOR
In our project we use DC motor as a prime mover instead of using engine. An electric
motor is a machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based
on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the
conductor experiences a mechanical force.
The direction of this force is given by Flemings left hand rule. In a DC motor input
electrical energy is supplied by a DC supply and it develops a torque resulting in mechanical
rotation.
In our project we use automobile wiper motor as a dc motor. We can get 30 r.p.m. from
this DC motor. In our project we use AC supply through transformer and rectifier circuit to run
the DC motor. Motor shaft is directly coupled with gear box main shaft.

1.7 TRANSFORMER
In automobile we use the battery to run the DC motor. Because supplies only DC current.
And it supply only 12 20 volts. But to illustrate our project we use AC supply. So we are in that
situation to reduce the voltage and convert into DC. To reduce the supply voltage we used step
down transformer.
A transformer operates on the principle of mutual inductance, between two inductively
coupled coils. It consists of two windings in close proximity. The two windings are coupled by
magnetic induction. There is no conductive connection between the windings.
One of the winding called primaries is energized by a sinusoidal voltage. This winding
has large number of turns. The second winding called secondary winding feeds the load. The
winding has less number of turns. The step down transformer reduces the voltage from 230 volt
to 12 volt AC current.

11

1.8 RECTIFIER CIRCUIT

A rectifier is a circuit, which uses diodes to convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage.
In our project we are in that situation to covert the AC current into DC current to run the DC
motor. Here we are using full wave rectifier to convert AC to DC.

Fig.1.8 Rectifier circuit

A full wave rectifier is a circuit which allows a unidirectional current to flow through the
load during the entire input cycle. The result of the full wave rectifier is a DC output voltage that
pulsates every half cycles of the input.
The circuit uses two diodes which are connected to secondary winding of the transformer.
The input single is applied to the primary winding of the transformer. During the positive half
cycle, diode D1 is forward bias and diode D2 is reverse bias. During the negat

12

1.9 PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM;

The sliding gear unit is shifted by the pneumatic cylinder of 25 mm dia and 25mm stroke
length. This pneumatic cylinder is actuated through the 5/2 way lever operated directional
control valve. The valve is actuated through a lever by hand.

1.9.1 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS

In engineering field, many machines make use of fluid for developing a force to move or
hold an object. A number of fluids can be used in devices and system. Two commonly used
fluids are oil and compressed air. A system which is operated by compressed air. A system
which is operated by compressed air is known as pneumatic system.

1.9.1.1 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS DEFINE:

1.8.1.1.1AIR COMPRESSOR
Compressor is a device which gets air from the atmosphere and compresses it for
increasing the pressure of air. Thus the compressed air. Thus the compressed air used for much
application.
The compression process requires work in put. Hence a compressor is driven by a prime
mover.

Generally an electric motor is used as prime mover.

The compressed air from

compressor is stored in vessel called reservoir. From reservoir it be conveyed to the desired
place through pipe lines.

1.9.1.1.2FILTER
In pneumatic system, an air filter is used to remove all foreign matter. An air filters dry
clean air to flow without resistance various materials are used for the filter element. The air may
be passed through a piece metal; a pours stone felt resin impregnated paper. In some filters
centrifugal action or cyclone action is used to remove foreign matters.

1.9.1.1.3 PRESSURE REGULATOR

Constant pressure level is required for the trouble free operation of a pneumatic control.
A pressure regulator is fitted downstream of the compressed air filter. It provides a constant set
pressure at the outlet of the outlet of the regulator.
The pressure regulator is also called as pressure reducing valve or pressure regulating
valve.

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1.9.1.1.4 LUBRICATOR
The purpose of an air lubricator is to provide the pneumatic components with sufficient
lubricant. These lubricants must reduce the wear of the moving parts reduce frictional forces and
protect the equipment from corrosion.
Care should be taken to ensure that sufficient lubrication is provided. But excessive
lubrication should be avoided.

1.9. 1.1.5FLR Package (or) FRL Package

The air service unit is a combination of following units.
Compressed air filter
Compressed air regulator
Compressed air lubricator
Air Filter, regulator and lubricator are connected together with close nipples as one
package.

1.9.1.1.6 PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE:

Each hydraulic system is used to operate in a certain pressure range. Higher pressure
causes damage of components. To avoid this pressure control valves are fitted in the circuits.

1.9.1.1.7 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE:

Directional control valves are used to control the direction of flow. The design principle
is a major factor with regard to service life actuating force switching times etc.

Fig.1.9 5\2 valve

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1.9.1.1.8 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Fig.1.10 pneumatic cylinder

1.9.1.1.8.1 PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DESIGN

PRESSURE =

FORCE
AREA

OPERATING PRESSURE = 6 Kg/cm2

Force required for clamping= 50kg
Then diameter of the cylinder is found out as follows;
6 kg /cm2-= 50
Pi x d2/4
D2= 50 x 4
3.14 x 6
Diameter of the cylinder is --------= 32 MM

15

1.9.1.1.9 VALVE CONNECTORS;

Fig.1.11 valve connecter

1.9.1.1.10 POLYURETHANE TUBE; shortly say PUN tube;

Fig.1.12 polyurethane tube

Manual operations involving heavy lifting. Pushing or pulling motions can be firing for
the operations and can induce a monotony which results in lowered production. Cylinders have
been designed to carry out these movements with a pre determined force and stroke and can be
16

fitted to synchronize with operation cycles of many machines it is worth wile to examine the
existing plan and methods of movement and to consider the numerous mechanical applications
which the range of pneumatic cylinders make possible. Quality is to keynote of air cylinder.
Engineer them into you production setup to get the last ounce of power, speed and efficiency to
save time, space and money.
Piston is cylinder part which moves in a cylinder have corresponding hole on it. To make
the strokes effective there is no gap between them or with a very tiny gap, part of the micron.
The cylinder and its piston have a glazing surface where there is a contact between them for easy
motion of piston and avoiding wear and tear of both. The outer side of the cylinder have
mountings consists of plate and studs attached with it. But the of these mountings, the cylinder
and piston assembly can fitted on any place of the piston have threads on it for fastening the
other parts (or) accessories according the operating performed and the application required. We
can fit holding devices, Clamping materials or other metal cutting and forming ports with which
can be movable with the piston.
Pneumatics is used practically in every industry for a wide variety of manufacturing
process, pneumatics equipments are used for multiple reasons. The best reason is that it is air
powered ordinary air turns out to be very excellent as fluid power components.

1.9.1.1.11PNEUMATIC CITCUIT SYMBOL FOR SINGLE ACTING

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER;

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which
produce force, often in combination with movement, and are powered by compressed gas
(typically air).

17

To perform their function, pneumatic cylinders impart a force by converting the potential energy
of compressed gas into kinetic energy. This is achieved by the compressed gas being able to
expand, without external energy input, which itself
Occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the compressed gas being at a greater pressure
than the atmospheric pressure. This air expansion forces a piston
to move in the desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the
force it develops to the object to be moved.
When selecting a pneumatic cylinder, you must pay attention to:

how far the piston extends when activated, known as "stroke"

surface area of the piston face, known as "bore size"

action type

pressure rating, such as "50 PSI"

type of connection to each port, such as "1/4" NPT"

must be rated for compressed air use

mounting method

18

Fig.1.13 Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder

1.9.1.1.12 Types
Although pneumatic cylinders will vary in appearance, size and function, they generally fall into
one of the specific categories shown below. However there are also numerous other types of
pneumatic cylinder available, many of which are designed to fulfill specific and specialized
functions.

1.9.1.1.13 Single acting cylinders

Single acting cylinders (SAC) use the pressure imparted by compressed air to create a
driving force in one direction (usually out), and a spring to return to the "home" position

1.9.1.1.14Double acting cylinders

Double Acting Cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extends and retract
strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for in stroke.

1.9.1.1.16 other types

Although SACs and DACs are the most common types of pneumatic cylinder, the following
types are not particularly rare:

19

Rotary air cylinders: actuators that use air to impart a rotary motion

Rod less air cylinders: These have no piston rod. They are actuators that use a mechanical
or magnetic coupling to impart force, typically to a table or other body that moves along
the length of the cylinder body, but does not extend beyond it.

1.9.1.1.17 Sizes
Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and can typically range from a small
2.5 mm air cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small transistor or other electronic
component, to 400 mm diameter air cylinders which would impart enough force to lift a car.
Some pneumatic cylinders reach 1000 mm in diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic
cylinders for special circumstances where leaking hydraulic oil could impose an extreme hazard.

1.9.1.1.18 Pressure, radius, area and force relationships

Although the diameter of the piston and the force exerted by a cylinder are related, they
are not directly proportional to one another. Additionally, the typical mathematical relationship
between the two assumes that the air supply does not become saturated. Due to the effective
cross sectional area reduced by the area of the piston rod, the instroke force is less than the
outstroke force when both are powered pneumatically and by same supply of compressed gas.

The relationship, between force on outstroke, pressure and radius, is as follows:

This is derived from the relationship, between force, pressure and effective crosssectional area, which is:
F = p A\,

20

With the same symbolic notation of variables as above, but also A represents the effective
cross sectional area.
On in stroke, the same relationship between force exerted, pressure and effective cross
sectional area applies as discussed above for outstroke. However, since the cross sectional area
is less than the piston area the relationship between force, pressure and radius is different. The
calculation isn't more complicated though, since the effective cross sectional area is merely that
of the piston less that of the piston rod.
For in stroke, therefore, the relationship between force exerted, pressure, radius of the
piston, and radius of the piston rod, is as follows:

Where: F represents the force exerted

r1 represents the radius of the piston
r2 represents the radius of the piston rod
is pi, approximately equal to 3.14159.

1.9.1.1.19 Solenoid Valve:

In order to automate the air flow in our system we have to provide an electrically
controlled valve. Electrical devices can provide more effective control, less expensive interlocks
having many additional safety features and simplified automatic sequencing when a machine
must operate in a hazardous area, remote actuation is a desirable. The operator can provide
satisfactory control though electrical devices from a remote point with in a safe area, using a
semi automatic system and these electrical flow control devices are also in use in full automation
by providing proper action signals.
Push and pull actuation can be priced b solenoids. These movements are used to open
and close the pop pet type valves. These actuations are done according to the signals given to the
solenoid coil when the decided by the program. The outlet of solenoid coil when the decided by
the program,. The outlet of solenoid valve is connected to a spray gun, which is going to spray
the paint.
21

1.9.1.1.20 SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES:

Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices like relays and contractors. A solenoid
valve is used to obtain mechanical movement in machinery by utilizing fluid or air pressure. The
fluid or air pressure is applied to the cylinder piston through a valve operated by a cylindrical
electrical coil. The electrical coil along with its frame and plunger is known as the solenoid and
the assembly of solenoid and mechanical valve is known as solenoid valve. The solenoid valve
is thus another important electromechanical device used in control of machines. Solenoid valves
are of two types

fig.1.14 single solenoid spring return valve

In this position of spool, port A gets connected to tank and port P gets

connected

to

port B. Thus pressure is applied to the cylinder piston from right and moves the piston rod to the
left. At the same time fluid in the other side is drained out to the tank. When the solenoid coil is
again de energized, the spring (S) will move the spool to its original position as shown in figure
1. Thus, normally when the solenoid coil is de energized the piston rod remains extended.

1.9SPECIFICATION OF THE FITTING:

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Body Material

- Plastic

Collect/Thread Nipple

- Brass

Seal

- Nitrate Rubber

Fluid Used

- Air

Max. Operating Pressure

- 7 Bar

Tolerance on OD of the tubes - 1 mm

Min. Wall thickness of tubes - 1 mm.

1.11COMPONENTS USED FOR PNEUMATIC GEAR SHIFTER

S.NO

COMPONENTS USED

MATERIAL

M.S.FABRICATED
STAND

MILD STEEL

DOUBLE ACTING
2

CYLINDER

STEEL

SIZE
200X150X100
MM (WXHXD)
25X50 MM

QUANTITY
1

5/2 WAY LEVER

OPERATED
DIRECTIONAL

ALUMINIUM

CONTROL VALVE

CASTING

FLOW CONTROL
VALVE

ALUMINIUM

1/8 INCH

PLASTIC TUBE

POLYURETHANE

8X6MM

5 METER

VALVE CONNECTOR

STEEL

1/4INCH 8/6 HOLE

70,60,50MM AND
60MM,40MM

1 Set

SPUR GEAR

ALLOY STEEL

METAL PRIMER

PAINT
23

1/8 INCH

DIA METER GEARS

LITRE

Table.no.1.1

CHAPTER 2
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The gear shifting operation is start when lever is turned in the control valve. When the
hand lever is turned, the 5/2 way directional controlled solenoid valve supplies pressurized air to
the air cylinder in the pneumatic cylinder unit.
The piston rod pushes the yoke in the gear changer .thus gear drive changes to next speed. The
cylinder in A- (MINUS) position the middle gear connects the bottom shaft gears and in A+
position the middle gear connects the top shaft gears.
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

AIR CYLINDER

FLOW CONTROL
VALVE
4

5/2 WAY SOLENOID

OPERATED DC VALVE

3
1

FRL UNIT

Fig.no.2.1 PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

24

2.1 WORKING

First of all give the AC supply to the gear box setup.

Then the 230 volt of AC supply is reduced to 12 volt of AC due to the presence of step
down transformer.

After that the 12 volt of AC current is converted into12 volt of DC current by full wave
rectifier circuit.

Then the 12 volt of DC current is supplied to the DC motor to drive the motor.

The motor running at 30 r.p.m .Due to the running of motor the main shaft of the gear
box rotate at the same speed.

Now the direction controlled switch is switched to backward position. So the piston will
move back.

Now press the gear shift switch (bell switch) to move the plunger one step back.

So the dog clutch engages with second pair of gears. Thats why we can get 100 r.p.m.
from 30 r.p.m.. This stage is known as First gear.

Now press the gear shift switch (bell switch) to move the piston one step back.

Therefore the dog clutch engage with first pair of gears. Thats why we can get 140 r.p.m.
from 30 r.p.m.. This stage is known as Second gear.

Again to come for first gear the direction controlled switch is switched to forward
position. So the piston will move front.

By switching the gear shift switch as stated earlier we can shift to neutral and finally first
gear.

25

CHAPTER 3
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The outstanding advantage of pneumatic System is the control valve which consists
tenthly applies a specified load with minimum effort.
Simple construction than the mechanical linkages.
Operation is very smooth and in this System we can get more output by Applies less
effort

3.1 ADVANTAGES:.

It can be modified to any extend to bring out the required effort.

Its outcome can be utilized properly in the extensive mechanical field.
Multiple cylinder systems can be put into action according to the need of different speeds
effort.
Compared to hydraulic and mechanical, pneumatic system is economical.
No extra skill is required for operating this system.
Operation is very smooth and in this system we can get more output by applying less
effort.
This system can be effectively used for automobile gear box system. It requires simple
maintenance cares
The safety system for automobile.
Checking and cleaning are easy, because of the main parts are screwed.
Easy to Handle.
Low cost automation Project
Repairing is easy.
Replacement of parts is easy.

3.2 DISADVANTAGES:
Initial cost is high
The system is complicated one.
3.3 APPLICATIONS:
It is very much useful for care Owners & Auto-garages. This automatic gear shifting system
is used for smooth engagement of gear selecting for the vehicles.

26

Thus it can be useful for the following type of vehicles.

MARUTHI
AMBASSADOR
FIAT
MAHINDRA
TATA

3.4 FINISHING AND PAINTING:

3.4.1 JOB PREPARATION
Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the anvil
block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and fabricated to required
dimensional shape with arc welding.

3.4.2 FINISHING OPERATION BEFORE PAINTING

After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping hammer and
cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed with the emery sheet.
Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush. After drying the metal primer, the second
coating is applied with the paint.

3.4.3 SAFETY, CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Before starting the operation, some of the points to be noted for safety purpose,
Before starting the operation, check the following items
Check the pressure condition for proper operation .
Check the alignment of gear engage lever in the system
Dont insert the any material or object between the during operation
Check the shifting alignment and engagement in the system
(5) Check the leakage in the gear shifting system.

3.4.4 FEATURES OF THIS PROJECT

It can installed easily
LOW electrical power consumption
It can be utilized

27

 It is simple in construction

CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
We make this project entirely different from other projects. Since concepts involved in
our project is entirely different that a single unit is used to various purposes which is not
developed by any of other team members.
By doing this project we gained the knowledge of working of gear box and how automation can
be effectively done with the help of electro mechanical device.
It is concluded that any automation system can be done with the help of electro-mechanical
system.
We have successfully completed the project work at our Institute.
By doing this project work, we understood the working principle and uses of gear box, solenoid
plunger, transformer etc.
Once again we express our sincere thanks to our staff members.

28

CHAPTER 5
COST ESTIMATION
5/2 way solenoid operated DC Valve

1600,00

Double acting cylinder

1200.00

Valve connectors

200.00

5nos

M.S. Fabricated housing unit

1000.00

Gear box unit

1600.00

Painting cost

100.00

Transport cost

200.00

TOTAL COST

5900.00

29

BIBLIOGRAPHY
WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY
- HAJRA CHOWDRY
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- R.S. KHURMI
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
R.B.GUPTA
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
VIJAYARAGAVAN
DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
-V.JAYAKUMAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN
-JOSEPH EDWARD
BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
-C.RAMESH BABU

30