1. In 1916 a ship was sunk by a German submarine. The ship was carrying bottles of champagne.

The wreck was discovered in 1997 and the champagne was brought to the surface and analysed.

3
The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the amount of acid in 25 cm of the champagne.

(a) Choose the correct words from the box to name apparatus X and Y.

beaker burette conical flask measuring cylinder

(i) Apparatus X is a ................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Apparatus Y is a ................................................................................................

(1)

(b) Sodium hydroxide solution was added to this champagne until substance Z showed that
the reaction was complete. The volume of sodium hydroxide used was recorded. The
result was used to calculate the amount of acid present.

Complete these sentences by drawing a ring around the correct answer.

a catalyst
(i) Substance Z is a conductor
an indicator
(1)

-
changed colour
(ii) The reaction was complete when substance Z formed a gas
gave a precipitate

Keswick School 1
 (1)

-
distillation
(iii) The name of this method of analysis is filtration
titration
(1)

3
(c) 250 cm of this champagne were found to contain 1 g of acid.
3
Calculate the mass of acid in 750 cm of this champagne.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Mass = .......................................... g
(2)

(d) (i) Which one of the following ions makes champagne acidic?

Draw a ring around your answer.

chloride hydrogen sodium

(1)

(ii) The acid in champagne is a weak acid.

Complete this sentence by drawing a ring around the correct answer.

has a low boiling point

The word weak means that the acid is dilute
is partially ionised
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

1. (a) (i) burette 1

(ii) conical flask 1

accept conical / flask

(b) (i) an indicator 1

(ii) changed colour 1

Keswick School 2
 (iii) titration 1

(c) 3 2
correct answer = 2 marks
(1 × 3) or (1 × 750/250) = 1 mark

(d) (i) hydrogen 1

(ii) is partially ionised 1

[9]
1. A chemist used a titration to investigate a solution used to unblock drains.

’
A ‘X
AQ
L IQ U ID
D R A IN
O PENER
to u g h o n b lo c k s

3
25 cm of a diluted solution of Drain Opener was put into a beaker. The graph shows how the
pH of this solution changed as hydrochloric acid was slowly added.

Keswick School 3
 14

13

12

11

10

8
pH
7

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
V o lu m e o f h y d ro c h lo ric a c id in c m 3

(a) What volume of hydrochloric acid was needed to neutralise the Drain Opener solution?
3
Volume = ...............................................cm
(1)

(b) Which of the following best describes Drain Opener solution?

Draw a ring around your answer.

neutral strong acid strong alkali weak acid weak alkali

(1)

(c) Which of the following would be best for accurately measuring the volume of
hydrochloric acid added?

Draw a ring around your answer.

beaker burette measuring cylinder pipette

Give a reason for your choice.

Keswick School 4
 .....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
3
1. (a) 25 (cm ) 1

(b) strong alkali 1

(c) burette 1

plus any sensible reason: 1

eg

● more accurate

● smaller divisions

● tap allows better control

etc
[4]
3
1. An oven cleaner solution contained sodium hydroxide. A 25.0 cm sample of the oven cleaner
solution was placed in a flask. The sample was titrated with hydrochloric acid containing
3
73 g/dm of hydrogen chloride, HCI.
(a) Describe how this titration is carried out.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

3
(b) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in mol/dm .

Relative atomic masses: H 1; Cl 35.5

.....................................................................................................................................

Answer = ................................... mol/dm3

(2)

Keswick School 5
 3 3
(c) 10.0 cm of hydrochloric acid were required to neutralise the 25.0 cm of oven cleaner
solution.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid reacting.

...........................................................................................................................

Answer = .......................................... mol

(2)

(ii) Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the oven cleaner solution in
3
mol/dm .

...........................................................................................................................

Answer = ................................... mol/dm3

(2)
(Total 9 marks)
1. (a) hydrochloric acid in burette 1

indicator 1

note volume at end / neutralisation point 1

titre must be HC1

(b) 1 mole HCl = 36.5g /36.5 1

73
3
 36.5 = 2 moles / dm 1
2 for correct answer

10  2
(c) (i) 1000 1
10
1000
allow e.c.f. ie their (b) ×
2 for correct answer

= 0.02 moles 1

1000
(ii) 0.02 × 25 1

3
= 0.8 mol / dm 1
1000
allow e.c.f. ie their (c)(i) × 25

Keswick School 6
 [9]

1. Many soft drinks contain citric acid.

IN G R E D IE N T S : C A R B O N A T E D
W A T E R , S U G A R , C IT R IC A C ID ,
A C ID IT Y R E G U L A T O R (E 3 3 1 ),
F L A V O U R IN G S ,
P R E S E R V A T IV E (E 2 1 1 )

(a) Citric acid is a weak acid.

(i) What is meant by a weak acid in terms of its ionisation in water?

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Describe and give the results of an experiment which would show that citric acid is
a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid of the same concentration.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

Keswick School 7
 (b) Citric acid behaves as an acid. Explain why, using the ideas of Arrhenius and of
Bronsted-Lowry.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them
into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
1. (a) (i) not fully ionised / dissociated or partially ionised 1
accept weak acids produce fewer H+ if equal concentration or
equal amounts of acid specified
do not accept just weakly ionised

(ii) Test: Universal Indicator / pH indicator/ full range indicator 1

do not accept other indicators

Result: e.g. stronger is a darker red or 1

weaker is orange, yellow, paler red etc.
or correct pH numbers < 7
accept redder
accept pink for paler red
do not accept green

or

pH meter (1)
result linked

correct pH values (1)

or

Test: Mg / Zn / Fe / Sn or a carbonate/
hydrogencarbonate (1)
Any suitable test but not titration

Result: e.g. stronger is quicker / faster rate /

more bubbles / more gas / more correctly named gas (1)

Keswick School 8
 (b) Quality of Written Communication
The answer to this question requires ideas in good English in a
sensible order with correct use of scientific terms. Quality of written
communication should be considered in crediting points in the
mark scheme.
maximum 2 marks if ideas not well expressed

acids produce hydrogen ions 1

acids are proton donors 1

Link: hydrogen ions (Arrhenius) and protons (Bronsted-Lowry) 1

[6]

1. Soft drinks, such as this Cream Soda, contain weak acids.

(a) Lactic acid is a weak acid.

(i) Complete this sentence about lactic acid by crossing out the two words in the box
that are wrong.

atoms
Solutions of weak acids contain fewer hydrogen ions than strong acids of
molecules

Keswick School 9
 the same concentration.
(1)

(ii) Which one of the following could be the pH of a solution of a weak acid?
Draw a ring around your answer.

1 5 9 13

(1)

Keswick School 10
 (iii) Which one of the following shows the colour of universal indicator when it is
added to a weak acid?

Draw a ring around your answer.

blue green orange red

(1)

(iv) You are given solutions of lactic acid and hydrochloric acid, which have the same
concentrations.

Describe how you could use some magnesium ribbon to show that lactic acid is a
weaker acid than the hydrochloric acid.

State how you would make it a fair test.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) This Cream Soda contains carbonated water.

Which one of the following substances is dissolved in water to carbonate it?

Draw a ring around your answer.

calcium carbonate carbon carbon dioxide carbon monoxide

(1)

Keswick School 11
 (c) Which acid-base theory states that – acids are proton donors?

Place a tick ( ) next to the name of the theory.

Name of theory Tick ( )

Brønsted and Lowry
Dalton
Haber
Mendeleev
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
1. (a) (i) ions 1

(ii) 5 1

(iii) orange 1

(iv) fair test:

same amount / mass / quantity / length of magnesium 1
owtte
same volume of acid is neutral

observation:
fewer bubbles with lactic acid 1
or more bubbles with HCl
or Mg lasts longer with lactic acid
or Mg disappears quicker with HCl
owtte
rate / time comment:
slower with lactic acid 1
or faster with HCl
owtte

(b) carbon dioxide 1

(c) Brønsted and Lowry 1

[8]

Keswick School 12