Professional Documents
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Sleep Wake HeatIllness
Sleep Wake HeatIllness
Divided into
Regulated
by
Light
Non-rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
Rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
Sleep-wake
Homeostasis
Circadian Rhythm
Focused
on
ReEna
Eme
awake,
sleep
pressure,
likelihood
of
falling
asleep
Is subdivided into
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Controlled by
Signal
to
SuprachiasmaEc
nucleus
Sends
signal
to
Pineal
gland
REM
Which
secretes
Stage
2
Stage 3
Melatonin
Sleep-wake Homeostasis
Aka homeostatic
process
Internal timer
Creates homeostatic
sleep drive or
pressure for sleep
Sleep-wake Homeostasis
Mechanism is poorly understood despite
years of research
Endogenous ("built-in", self-sustained)
Sleep-regulating substances (e.g.
adenosine)
Sleep-wake Homeostasis
Sleep-wake homeostatic mechanism
Non-REM sleep
Slow wave sleep
Circadian Rhythm
Cycle of physiological and biological processes
that fluctuate on a roughly 24-hour timetable
Adenosine
Winter Blues?
Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD)
Depressive symptoms in
the winter or summer
Possible factors:
Circadian rhythm
Serotonin levels
Melatonin levels
Other Neurotransmitters
Stages of Sleep
Non-REM
REM
Non-REM
Non-Rapid Eye Movement
5-15 minutes per stage
Body repairs
Regenerates tissues
Builds bone and muscle
Strengthen Immune System
Non-REM Stage 1
Transition period between wakefulness and sleep
Brain produces high amplitude of theta waves
Eyes closed
5-10 minutes
Can be awakened without difficulty
Feeling of falling
Non-REM Stage 2
Period of light sleep
20 minutes
Brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain
wave activity: sleep spindles
Heart rate slows
Body temperature decreases
Body enters deep sleep
Non-REM Stage 3
People become less responsive
The delta sleep
Deep, slow brain waves (delta waves)
Noises/activity in the environment may fail to
generate response
Bedwetting and sleepwalking
Stage 4: REM
Eye movement
Increased respiration rate
Increased brain activity
Paradoxical sleep
Muscle relaxed
Brain is active
Sleep loss
Grumpy, groggy
Harmful consequences
for immune and endocrine
systems
Contribute to obesity,
diabetes and
hypertension
Mood: irritability, anger,
anxiety, sadness
Studies
Sleep deprivation vs. test scores
Judgment
Reaction time
Explicit recall
Inverse word reading
Daytime alertness
memory
Sleep Apnea
Disorder characterized by episodes of
interrupted breathing
3 types
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Central Sleep Apnea
Complex
Symptoms
Sleepiness during the day
Problems with daytime concentration and performance
Depression
Irritability
Sexual dysfunction
Learning and memory difficulties
Falling asleep while at work
Treatment
Risks
High blood pressure
Heart attack
Irregular heartbeat
Stroke
Narcolepsy
Chronic neurological disorder that causes
the person to fall asleep at times when he/
she wants to be awake
Lack of hypocretin
Symptoms
Extreme daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Hallucinations
Sleep paralysis
Treatment
Parasomnias
Bizarre and complex behaviors which
happen when the transition state to
another doesnt progress in an orderly
fashion or a person is aroused from sleep,
bizarre
Parasomnias
Sleepwalking
Night Terrors
Agitation, large pupils, sweating, increased
blood pressure
Bedwetting
Parasomnias
REM sleep behavior disorder
Vigorous or violent behaviors that occur
later in the night
Sleep-related eating disorder
A person eats food during the night while
he or she appears to be asleep
Insomnia
Complaint of difficulty:
Initiating or maintaining sleep
Waking too early and not being able to get
back to sleep
Waking feeling unrefreshed and lethargic
Effects
Daytime fatigue
Impaired mood and judgment
Poor performance
Increase likelihood of accidents
Treatment
Philippines
Philippines
St. Lukes Medical Center
Lung Center of the Philippines
Journal
Discussion
Main Journal
Pathophysiology of Health Illness:
Thermoregulation, risk factors, and
indicators of aggravation
Miyake, Yasufumi (2013)
Conduction
Convection
Gas or liquid absorbs and moves heat away from the
body
gains greater importance in preventing heat-related
illnesses
Thermoregulation Factors
Risk Factors
Environmental factors
Dehydration
Age
Hypertension
Mental illness
Cardiac Disease
Heat Illnesses
Encompass a spectrum of disorders from
minor syndromes to heat stroke
Characterized by hyperthermia
General term for a condition resulting from
physical adjustment disorders in hot
environments
Prevention
Drink at least 13 glasses of water every day.
Avoid drinking teas, coffee, and alcoholic beverages
that could result to dehydration.
Avoid sun exposure between 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM daily,
where the warmest temperatures are usually
observed.
Stay at home as much as possible.
Do regular exercise and other outdoor activities either
early morning or after sunset.
Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing,
and a wide-brimmed hat.
(from DOH)
Innovative Solutions
Japan's "Green Curtain"
Program
These green curtains are the
growth of walls/curtains
of plants over buildings,
which block out some
sunlight and help to keep
buildings cooler.
Innovative Solutions
Result:
Reduced use of
airconditioning
system
Reduced
Greenhouse
gases emission and
reduced
consumption of energy
Innovative way to combat
climate change
Innovative Solutions
Global Cooling Project (independent from
heat stroke prevention plan), including:
1) Energy conservation plans decarbonising
2) Ecological Vehicle Promotions
3) Use of solar energy systems
4) Climate campaigning and education.
(from Mayoclinic)
Philippines
Hottest days in 2014: May 21 and 22
Average of 37 celsius
Hottest ever recorded in Manila: May 14, 1987
38.6
Hottest ever recorded in the Philippines: May 11,
1969 (Tuguegarao City)
42.2
DOH
Health
assistant
secretary
Dr.
Eric
Tayag:
heat
stroke
could
lead
to
serious
health
complica1ons
from
a
mild
seizure
to
death
if
not
prevented
by
being
aware
of
its
tell-tale
signs.
DOH
DOH
United States
20 cases per 100,000 people
240 deaths annually
Mobile app on heat-related illness