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M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP
M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP M/S. Pride Life Spaces LLP
AT
S. NO.115/1 & 116/4 (PT)
VILLAGE NARPOLI
TAL : BHIVANDI, DIST : THANE
FOR
M/s. PRIDE LIFE SPACES LLP
BHIVANDI
BY
PIONEER ENGINEERS
103, VIJAY TOWER, DR. LAZRES ROAD
CHARAI, THANE (W), PIN : 400601
FEBRUARY 2016
JOB NO. PN 322
NDT
LAND SURVEY
M/s. Pride Life Spaces LLP, Bhivandi has planned to carry out structural quality audit of their
residential cum commercial building at Village Narpoli, Bhivandi, Dist: Thane and hence it is
became necessary to carry out the strength evaluation survey of said structure by NDT methods
(USPV + Rebound Hammer Test). The details of existing structure are given below. For this
purpose, the job of strength evaluation survey of said structure was awarded to M/s. Pioneer
Engineers, Thane vide work order dated 15 th February 2016.
Sr.
No.
Proposed
Floor
Structure
Type
G + 7 Upper
Floors
RCC Framed
Structure
Status
Under Construction
The scope of the work stipulated for strength evaluation survey of existing structure is tabulated
below. The field work of NDT was carried out on 18 th February, 2016. The details of this
investigation are given below.
Sr.
No.
Name of test
No. Of
Tests
USPV Test
93
93
It may please be noted that the detailed structural design is not contemplated in the report. This
report is aimed at providing general information re garding the strength and existing status of RCC
members. The information presented in the report shall provide the necessary data from which the
detailed structural quality audit for the purpose for which it is intended can be worked out.
The work in general was carried out in accordance with the following Indian Standard
specifications.
IS - 13311 (Part 1): 1992 - Code of practice for NDT of concrete: Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity.
IS - 13311 (Part 2): 1992 - Code of practice for NDT of concrete: Rebound Hammer Test.
IS 516 : 1959 - Code of practice for method of tests for strength of concrete.
Page 2
3.0
It was intended to assess the existing strength in the concrete. For this purpose ultrasonic
nondestructive concrete testing method was adopted. A brief description on the basic principles,
basis of analysis and methodology of this testing technique are given below. The ultrasonic
pulse velocities are deduced from the in-situ observation and an attempt has been made to
indicate the existing strength range.
3.1
BASIC PRINCIPLE
The velocity of sound propogation through any concrete member is a measure of its material
property. For assessing this velocity, the ultrasonic pulse emitted by a transducer are
transmitted through the concrete and received by another transducer, thus, the physical
parameters measured are the transit time and path length. Based on this, the pulse velocity
through concrete is computed.
For assessing the quality materials from ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement, the degree of
accuracy required is of highest order. In order to achieve this, suitable pulse is generated by
using the digital tester and the transmission time (i.e. path length) is also measured accurately.
From this, data the pulse velocity is evaluated as:
Path length
Pulse velocity = ----------------- m/sec
Transit time
3.2
METHODOLOGY
At the location where pulse velocity is to be assessed, the opposite surfaces of members are
checked for the smoothness. If the surface is rough or uneven it is first made level with wire
brush detaching loosely adhering materials and a layer of grease is applied. The transducer and
receiver probes are pressed hard against the prepar ed surface. The time for the first pulse to
arrive is recorded only after they become stable. From the recorded time and path length, the
pulse velocity is computed by three methods namely direct method, Semi Direct Method &
Indirect Method of Testing. Using the following relation concrete quality rating of various
structural members at various test locations is computed.
TABLE NO. 1 : VELOCITY CRITERION FOR CONCRETE QUALITY
GRADING AS PER IS 13311 (PART 1):1992
Sr.
No.
Concrete Quality
Grading
Above 4500
Excellent
3500 To 4500
Good
3000 To 3500
Medium
Below 3000
Doubtful
Page 3
Further in addition to above mentioned velocity criterion Leslie and Cheesman have given the
pulse velocity rating for concrete (Ref book published by author Mr. V.M. Malhotra : Testing
Hardened Concrete : Nondestructive Methods : ACI Monograph No. 9)
Sr.
No.
Above 4575
Excellent
3660 To 4575
Good
3050 To 3660
Questionable
2135 To 3050
Poor
Below 2135
Very poor
By combining these two different velocity rating criterion one combined elaborate acceptance
criterion of concrete may be established as follows.
Sr.
No.
Above 4500
Excellent
3500 To 4500
Good
3000 To 3500
Medium
3000 To 2150
Poor
Below 2150
Very poor
3.3
Tx
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
R.C.C. ELEMENT
Rx
R.C.C. ELEMENT
Tx
Rx
Page 4
Tx
3.4
Rx
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
Smoothness of contact surface under test affects the measurement of ultrasonic pulse velocity.
For the most concrete surface, the finish is usually sufficiently smooth to ensure good acoustical
contact by the use of a coupling medium and by pressing the transducer against the concrete
surface. When the concrete surface is rough and uneven, it is necessary to smoothen the
surface to make the pulse velocity measurement possible. In general, pulse velocity through
concrete increases with increased moisture content of concrete. This influence is more for low
strength concrete than high strength concrete. The pulse velocity of saturated concrete may be
up to 2 percent higher than that of similar dry concrete. In general, drying of concrete may
results in somewhat lower pulse velocity.
ii)
Variations of the concrete temperature between 5 0C and 300 C do not significantly affect the
pulse velocity measurement to concrete. At temperatures between 30 0 to 600C, there can be
reduction in pulse velocity up to 5 percent. Below freezing temperature, the free water freezes
with in concrete, resulting in an increase in pulse velocity up to 7.5 percent.
Page 5
iv)
Influence of Stress
When concrete is subjected to a stress which is abnormally high for the quality of the concrete,
the pulse velocity may be reduced due to the development of micro-cracks. This influence is
likely to be greatest when the pulse path is normal to the predominant direction of the planes of
such micro cracks. This occurs when the pulse path is perpendicular to the direction of a
uniaxial compressive stress in a member. This influence is generally insignificant unless the
stress is greater than about 60 percent of the ultimate strength of the concrete
v) Effect of Reinforcing Bars
The pulse velocity measured in reinforced concrete in the vicinity of reinforcing bars is usually
higher than in plain concrete of the same composition. This is because of the pulse velocity in
steel is 1.2 to 1.9 times the velocity in plain concrete and under certain conditions. The first
pulse to arrive at the receiving transducer travels partly in concrete and partly in steel. The
apparent increase in pulse velocity depends upon the proximity of the measurements to the
reinforcing bar, the diameter and number of the bars and their orientation with respect to the
path of propagation.
4.0
Silver Schmidt Rebound Hammer (Proceq) is another portable device that can be used to
estimate the compressive strength of concrete. This is also a non destructive in-situ testing
method. The Schmidt rebound hammer operates on the principle that the measured rebound of
a steel hammer mass when propelled with 0.075 kgm of energy against the concrete or rock
surface will be proportional to the hardness of the material which may be correlated in turn with
the compressive strength.
4.1
METHODOLOGY
Before test the surface is scrapped and cleaned. The hammer is unlocked by pressuring once.
The rod of the hammer then comes out. The hammer is held perpendicular to the surface and
the rod is pressed against the surface. After the hammering sound the hammer is locked and
the Schmidt hammer value is read from the scale. The estimated compressive strength is
computed from the graph given on the hammer.
4.2
The rebound numbers are influenced by a number of factors like type of cement and aggregate,
surface condition and moisture content, age of concrete and extent of carbonation of concrete.
i) Influence of Type of Cement
Concretes made with high alumina cement can give strengths 100 percent higher than that with
ordinary Portland cement. Concrete made with super sulphated cement can give 50 percent
lower strength than that with Ordinary Portland Cement.
Page 6
Different types of aggregate used in concrete give different correlations between compressive
strength and rebound numbers. Normal aggregates suc h as gravels and crushed rock
aggregates give similar correlations, but concrete made with lightweight aggregates require
special calibration.
iii) Influence of Surface Condition and Moisture Content of Concrete
The rebound hammer method is suitable only for close texture concrete. Open texture concrete
typical of masonry blocks, honeycombed concrete or no-fines concrete is unsuitable for this test.
All correlations assume full compaction, as strength of partially compacted concrete bears no
unique relationship to the rebound numbers. Trowell ed and floated surfaces are harder thane
moulded surfaces, and tend to overestimate the strength of concrete. A wet surface will give rise
to underestimation of the strength of concrete calibrated under dry conditions. In structural
concrete, this can be about 20 percent lower than in an equivalent dry concrete.
iv) Influence of Curing and Age of Concrete
The relationship between hardness and strength varies as a function of time. Variations in initial
rate of hardening, subsequent curing and conditions of exposure also influence the relationship.
Separate calibration curves are required for different curing regimes but effect of age can
generally be ignored for concrete between 3 days and 3 months old.
v) Influence of Carbonation of concrete surface
The Influence of carbonation of concrete surface on the rebound number is very significant.
Carbonated concrete gives an overestimate of strength which in extreme cases can be up to 50
percent. It is possible to establish correction factors by removing the carbonated layer and
testing the concrete with the rebound hammer on the uncarbonated concrete.
5.0
REFERENCE CLAUSES
As per IS 13311 (Part 2): 1992: If the quality of concrete is assessed to be Excellent or Good
by pulse velocity method, only then the compressive strength is assessed from rebound
hammer indices, When the quality assessed is medium the estimation of concrete strength by
rebound indices is extended to entire mass only on the basis of other collateral measurement
like core testing. When the quality of concrete is Doubtful (Poor/Very Poor) no assessment is
made from rebound indices.
As per IS 13311(Part 1): 1992: The estimation of strength of concrete by rebound hammer
method cannot held to be very accurate and probable accuracy of prediction of concrete
strength in structure is +/-25%.
Page 7
6.0
CONCLUSION
The overall floor wise cumulative observations of NDT results are given below.
a) GROUND FLOOR
Sr.
No.
Item Description
Very
Poor
Quality
Rating
-
Poor
Quality
Rating
Medium
Quality
Rating
Good
Quality
Rating
Excellent
Quality
Rating
Total
Elements
17.00
4.00
21.00
33%
19%
100%
R. C. C. Locations
Percentage (%)
<2150
2150 to
3000
3500 to
4500
4
5
6
7
8
3000 to
3500
263 Kg/cm
b) FIRST FLOOR
Sr.
No.
Item Description
Very
Poor
Quality
Rating
-
Poor
Quality
Rating
Medium
Quality
Rating
Good
Quality
Rating
Excellent
Quality
Rating
Total
Elements
3.00
6.00
1.00
10.00
30%
60%
10%
100%
R. C. C. Locations
Percentage (%)
3500 to
4500
<2150
2150 to
3000
3000 to
3500
212 Kg/cm
Page 8
c) SECOND FLOOR
Sr.
No.
Item Description
Very
Poor
Quality
Rating
Poor
Quality
Rating
Medium
Quality
Rating
Good
Quality
Rating
Excellent
Quality
Rating
Total
Elements
R. C. C. Locations
4.00
6.00
10.00
Percentage (%)
40%
60%
100%
3500 to
4500
7.0
<2150
2150 to
3000
3000 to
3500
150 kg/cm
CONCLUSION
Overall findings of both the test with respective to IS norms are tabulated in the following table.
a) USPV Test
Sr.
No.
Name of structure
Floor
Description
Average
in situ
USPV in
m/sec
Required
USPV as
per
acceptance
criteria
m/sec
Remark
Ground
Floor
3404
3500
Concrete does
not
qualifies
acceptance
criteria as per IS norms
First Floor
3090
3500
Concrete does
not
qualifies
acceptance
criteria as per IS norms
Second
Floor
3055
3500
Concrete does
not
qualifies
acceptance
criteria as per IS norms
Page 9
Name of structure
1
2
Floor Description
Ground Floor
263 Kg/cm
First Floor
212 Kg/cm
Second Floor
150 Kg/cm
8.0 RECOMMENDATION
i) We here by propose to share this report with concern Structural Engineer for structural audit of
Residential cum Commercial Building for the purpose for which it is intended.
ii) The Consultant/client are requested to use their judgment, knowledge, experience, result of
NDT and any other relevant site information available with them to assess the stability as well as
to confirm the fitness for the purpose for which it is intended.
R. D. PANDIT
M. I. PANDIT
CHARTERED ENGINEER
B. E. (Civil), M. I. E., M. I. G. S.
(M-132609-5)
PIONEER ENGINEERS
1
2
3
Location
Element
Thickness
of Element
mm
230
62
3710
Rebound
No.
32
3446
840
264
3182
160
49
3265
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
Method Of
Testing
280
300
Direct
240
260
Direct
240
260
Direct
Medium
30
30
3142
4
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
Medium
160
53
3019
28
210
230
Direct
840
282
2979
30
240
260
Direct
230
62
3710
280
300
Direct
840
273
3077
280
300
Direct
240
88
2727
240
260
Direct
310
330
Direct
310
330
Direct
310
330
Direct
240
260
Direct
310
330
Direct
240
260
Direct
280
300
Direct
COLUMN C13
COLUMN C12
3255
32
32
30
3030
9
10
COLUMN C21
240
72
3333
230
69
3333
Medium
34
34
3409
11
12
COLUMN C20
230
66
3485
230
73
3151
Medium
34
30
3372
13
14
COLUMN C25
230
64
3594
230
71
3239
Medium
34
30
Medium
3389
15
230
65
3538
Medium
32
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Sr.
No.
Location
16
17
18
19
Thickness
of Element
mm
Element
COLUMN C33
230
61
3770
230
61
3770
850
358
2374
840
239
3515
Rebound
No.
32
3305
32
21
COLUMN C42
240
63
3810
240
59
4068
32
23
COLUMN C37
240
60
4000
230
67
3433
32
34
25
COLUMN C34
230
69
3333
240
63
3810
34
32
27
240
58
4138
160
44
3636
34
32
29
COLUMN C54
160
47
3404
230
78
2949
34
30
230
64
3594
Direct
280
300
Direct
Direct
280
300
Direct
280
300
Direct
310
330
Direct
310
330
Direct
280
300
Direct
310
330
Direct
280
300
Direct
310
330
Direct
240
260
Direct
210
230
Direct
180
200
Direct
210
230
Direct
Good
28
26
Medium
3271
30
300
Good
3520
28
Medium
3974
26
280
Good
3383
24
Method Of
Testing
Good
4034
22
Medium
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
3662
20
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
28
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Sr.
No.
Location
31
32
33
Thickness
of Element
mm
Element
230
71
3239
Rebound
No.
30
230
65
3538
230
71
3239
30
28
35
COLUMN C24
230
71
3239
230
73
3151
28
30
37
COLUMN C49
230
70
3286
230
72
3194
30
24
39
COLUMN C48
230
63
3651
230
68
3382
26
30
41
COLUMN C65
230
69
3333
230
70
3286
30
28
3240
42
43
COLUMN C62
230
72
3194
230
73
3151
230
62
3710
Direct
240
260
Direct
210
230
Direct
210
230
Direct
240
260
Direct
240
260
Direct
150
170
Direct
180
200
Direct
240
260
Direct
240
260
Direct
210
230
Direct
210
230
Direct
240
260
Direct
280
300
Direct
Medium
28
30
Medium
3430
44
260
Medium
3358
40
Medium
3423
38
240
Medium
3218
36
Method Of
Testing
Medium
3239
34
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
Medium
3389
B
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
32
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Sr.
No.
Location
45
FIRST
FLOOR
(Age : 6
Months)
46
Thickness
of Element
mm
Element
COLUMN C36
840
260
3231
Rebound
No.
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
28
3351
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
Method Of
Testing
210
230
Direct
Medium
840
242
3471
30
240
260
Direct
920
384
2396
24
150
170
Direct
48
240
81
2963
180
200
Direct
49
920
309
2977
26
180
200
Direct
920
395
2329
26
180
200
Direct
51
240
81
2963
210
230
Direct
52
920
371
2480
180
200
Direct
230
77
2987
150
170
Direct
240
260
Direct
210
230
Direct
47
50
53
COLUMN C53
COLUMN C51
COLUMN C39
2779
2591
26
28
55
COLUMN C38
850
244
3484
920
299
3077
24
Medium
30
28
3187
56
Poor
26
3235
54
Poor
Medium
920
279
3297
30
240
260
Direct
1220
489
2495
24
150
170
Direct
58
230
72
3194
210
230
Direct
59
1220
446
2735
180
200
Direct
57
COLUMN C19
2808
28
26
Poor
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Sr.
No.
Location
60
FIRST
FLOOR
(Age : 6
Months)
Thickness
of Element
mm
Element
920
272
3382
920
306
3007
920
280
3286
230
75
3067
920
296
3108
230
78
2949
230
61
3770
230
69
3333
230
74
3108
1150
307
3746
1530
553
2767
71
230
65
3538
72
1530
496
3085
850
275
3091
74
850
287
2962
75
230
77
2987
61
62
COLUMN C11
COLUMN C10
63
64
COLUMN C2
65
66
COLUMN C8
67
68
69
70
73
COLUMN C18
3194
Rebound
No.
28
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
230
Direct
180
200
Direct
210
230
Direct
210
230
Direct
240
260
Direct
210
230
Direct
280
300
Direct
210
230
Direct
150
170
Direct
26
180
200
Direct
24
150
170
Direct
180
200
Direct
26
180
200
Direct
24
150
170
Direct
150
170
Direct
150
170
Direct
28
Medium
28
3028
30
Medium
28
3552
32
Good
28
3427
3130
3013
Method Of
Testing
210
Medium
26
3176
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
24
26
24
24
Medium
Medium
Medium
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Location
76
830
270
3074
830
229
3624
230
67
3433
COLUMN C14
760
287
2648
77
78
79
Thickness
of Element
mm
Sr.
No.
Element
Rebound
No.
24
3377
26
81
COLUMN C7
760
239
3180
230
77
2987
22
83
COLUMN C5
230
70
3286
230
81
2840
24
22
Method Of
Testing
150
170
Direct
180
200
Direct
180
200
Direct
120
140
Direct
150
170
Direct
120
140
Direct
120
140
Direct
90
110
Direct
Medium
22
20
3023
84
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
Poor
3136
82
Medium
26
2914
80
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
Medium
920
287
3206
26
180
200
Direct
1150
406
2833
24
150
170
Direct
86
230
77
2987
150
170
Direct
87
1150
385
2987
24
150
170
Direct
1530
789
1939
20
90
110
Direct
89
230
72
3194
120
140
Direct
90
230
80
2875
90
110
Direct
85
88
COLUMN C12
COLUMN C41
2936
2670
24
22
20
Poor
Poor
PIONEER ENGINEERS
Tempreture: 27 C
NON DESTRUCTIVE CONCRETE TEST RESULTS
Sr.
No.
Location
91
92
93
Thickness
of Element
mm
Element
760
281
2705
230
79
2911
760
241
3154
Rebound
No.
Concrete
Quality
Grading As
Per IS 13311
(PART I) 1992
plus Leisle &
Cheesman
20
2923
22
Poor
22
Est.concrete
strength by
Rebound
Hammer
Method
2
Kg/cm
Method Of
Testing
90
110
Direct
120
140
Direct
120
140
Direct
Note : These results are valid only for the elements tested at site.
M. I. PANDIT
CHARTERED ENGINEER
LOCATION PLAN
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