Area of Research: Biometrics Recognition

Biometrics refers to metrics related to human characteristics. Biometrics authentication

(or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification
and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are
under surveillance.
Biometrics is a field of study which aims to identify or recognize people based
on traits they have. Given these traits, a system can be trained to recognize certain
people, with a certain probability. Better training usually lowers the probability of falsely
identifying someone.
The traits used are of two types:

Based on the shape of the body (called physiological). These

include fingerprints, face recognition, scent, iris (eye), or retina.
Based on the behavior of a person.

Most often, the two types are combined, as in voice or signature recognition. Most of
these biometrics are seen as "behavioral", but some are linked to the physiology, e.g. of
the vocal tract, or of the hand.
Ways to identify a person could be to take a fingerprint of every person; another one
could be to let the person sign a document. The data could then be put into a form that
a machine can read. At the border, people could again take the fingerprint or the
signature, and compare it to the version stored in the passport.
When selecting features, we must also look at social acceptance. Taking a fingerprint
may be ok, taking a blood test may not be. Some biometric data is also easier to fake,
e.g. signatures.
Also, when voice samples are taken, these may be distorted, because only a telephone
line is available. Telephone lines cut off some bandwidth from the signal.
Other than for passports, biometric methods are also used in some banks.
More traditional means of access control include token-based identification systems,
such as a driver's license or passport, and knowledge-based identification systems,
such as a password or personal identification number. Since biometric identifiers are
unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying identity than token and
knowledge-based methods; however, the collection of biometric identifiers raises
privacy concerns about the ultimate use of this information.

According to a CSO article, the biometrics market was worth US $13.8 billion in 2015.

Topic of interest: Speaker Recognition

Speaker recognition is the identification of a person from characteristics of voices
(voice biometrics). It is also called voice recognition. There is a difference
between speaker recognition (recognizing who is speaking) and speech
recognition (recognizing what is being said). These two terms are frequently confused,
and "voice recognition" can be used for both. In addition, there is a difference between
the act of authentication (commonly referred to as speaker verification or speaker
authentication) and identification. Finally, there is a difference between speaker
recognition (recognizing who is speaking) and speaker
diarisation (recognizing when the same speaker is speaking). Recognizing the speaker
can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on specific
person's voices or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as
part of a security process.
Speaker recognition has a history dating back some four decades and uses the acoustic
features of speech that have been found to differ between individuals. These acoustic
patterns reflect both anatomy (e.g., size and shape of the throat and mouth) and
learned behavioral patterns (e.g., voice pitch, speaking style). Speaker verification has
earned its classification as a "behavioral biometric".

-Siddharth
yadav
B.tech cse 4th
sem
Section-B; grp-2
A51405214007