Mole

We can count and measure the things we can see and touch. Pencils, books, chairs, houses or
anything like that can be easily counted and told in a number, but it is difficult to count the things
which are really small. Atoms and molecules in that matter are really small, and there are billions
of them in a given tiny space. So attempting to count them as other objects is useless. That is
why a measurement unit called mole has been introduced. This is used to measure the amount
of substances (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons etc.) in chemistry. The symbol of the unit is mol.
Carbon 12 isotope is used to define a mole. The number of atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12
isotope is known as 1 mol. This value is equivalent to 6.02214179(30) 1023 carbon-12 atoms.
Therefore, 1mol is 6.02214179(30)1023 of any substances. This number is known as the
Avogadros number. The mass of one mole of a substance expressed in grams is equal to the
substances molecular weight. If we take a mass of 1 molecular weight, that will contain 1 mol of
substances and, therefore, Avogadros number of substances. In chemistry, mole is used widely to
indicate the measurements instead of volume or weight.
Molarity
Concentration is an important and commonly used phenomenon in chemistry. It is used to
indicate quantitative measurement of a substance. If you want to determine the amount of copper
ions in a solution, it can be given as a concentration measurement. Almost all the chemical
calculations use concentration measurements to draw conclusions about the mixture. To
determine the concentration, we need to have a mixture of components. To calculate the
concentration of each components concentration, the relative amounts dissolved in the solution
have to be known. There are few methods to measure the concentration, and molarity is one of
them.
Molarity is also known as molar concentration. This is the ratio between numbers of moles of a
substance in one volume of a solvent. Conventionally, the solvent volume is given in cubic
meters. However, for our convenience, we often use liters or cubic decimeters. Therefore, the
unit of the molarity is mol per liter/ cubic decimeter (mol l -1, mol dm-3). The unit is also indicated
as M. For example, a solution of I mol of sodium chloride dissolved in water has a molarity of 1
M.
Molarity is the most commonly used method of concentration measurement. For example, it is
used in the calculation of pH, dissociation constants/ equilibrium constants etc. Conversion of a
mass of a given solute to its molar number has to be done in order to give the molar
concentration. To do this, mass is divided by the molecular weight of the solute. For example, if
we want to prepare a 1 M of potassium sulfate solution, 174.26 g mol -1 (1 mol) of potassium
sulfate should be dissolved in one liter of water.
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