STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC

(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UTHM
I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or
give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the
report is true.

_________________
Student Signature

Name

Matric No. :
Date

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE & MATERIALS ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS ENGINEERING LABORATORY
FULL REPORT
SUBJECT CODE
EXPERIMENT CODE &
TITTLE
COURSE CODE
DATE
GROUP

BNP 10303
MMB01: HYDROSTATIC FORCE IN PLANE SURFACE

GROUP MEMBERS NAME

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

LECTURER
DATE OF SUBMISSION
Criteria
Attendance &
Discipline
Aim / Purpose

Materials

Procedure

Data

Analysis /
Result

Discussion

Participation
(during
experiment)

1
Student in laboratory
more than 1 hour late
- Purpose is not
identified
- Relevant variables
are not described

Student in laboratory
within 30 minutes to 1
hour late
- Purpose is
somewhat vague
- Relevant variable are
not described

Student in laboratory
within 10 to 30
minutes late
- Purpose is identified
- Relevant variables
are described in
somewhat unclear
manner
All necessary lab
materials included but
not listed in any
particular order
Procedures are listed
in clear steps but not
numbered and/or
complete sentences

Student in laboratory just

before laboratory start

Student in laboratory
10 minutes earlier

- Purpose is identified
- Relevant variables are
described

- Purpose is clearly
identified
- Relevant variables
are described

All necessary lab

materials included and
listed

- Good representation
of the data using
tables or graphs
- Less than 15%
difference with
accepted values
- Precision is
acceptable

- Accurate representation
of the data using tables
or graph
- Data is fairly precise
- Less than 10%
difference with accepted
values

- Trends / patterns are

logically analyzed for
the most part
- Questions are
answered in complete
sentences
- Analysis is general
A statement of the
results of the lab
indicates whether
result support the
hypothesis

- Trends / patterns are

logically analyzed
- Question are answered
in complete sentences
- Analysis is thoughtful

Did the job but did not

appear to be very
interested. Focus lost
on several occasion

Used time pretty well.

Stayed focused on the
experiment most of the
time

All necessary lab

materials included
and listed in an
organized manner
- Procedures are listed
in clear steps
- Each step is
numbered and in a
complete sentence
- Diagram are included
to describe the set-up
- Accurate
representation of the
data using tables or
graphs
- Graphs and tables
are labeled and titled.
- Data is precise with
less than 5%
difference with
accepted values.
- Trends / patterns are
logically analyzed
- Question are
answered thoroughly
and in complete
sentences
- Analysis is insightful
- Accurate statement
of the results of the
lab indicates whether
result support the
hypothesis
- Possible sources of
error and what was
learned from the lab
discussed
Showed interested,
used time very well,
guide other students
and very focused on
the experiment

There is not a list of

the necessary lab
materials

Most lab materials

included

Procedures are not

listed

Procedures are listed

but not in clear
manner

Data not represented

or is not accurate

- Data lacks precision

- Greater than 20%
difference with
accepted values

- Trends / patterns are

not analyzed
- Questions are not
answered
- Analysis is not
relevant

- Trends / patterns are

not analyzed
- Answer to questions
are incomplete
- Analysis is
inconsistent

No discussion was
included or shows
little effort and
reflection on the lab

A statement of the
results is incomplete
with little reflection on
the lab

Student was hostile

about participation

Participation was
minimal

- Procedures are listed in

clear steps
- Each steps is numbered
and in a complete
sentence

- Accurate statement of
the results of the lab
indicates whether result
support the hypothesis
- Possible sources of
error identified

SCR

WT

TSCR
(%)

1
1

Total score

EXAMINER COMMENTS:

APPROVAL STAMP

FACULTY: CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
DEPT : CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

PAGE NO.:

1/5

EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:

1
01
18/2/13

TEST TITLE: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON PLANE

SURFACE

AMENDMENT DATE:

19/2/13

1.0 OBJECTIVE
THE PURPOSE OF THIS EXPERIMENT IS TO EXPERIMENTALLY LOCATE THE CENTER OF PRESSURE OF
A VERTICAL, SUBMERGED, PLANE SURFACE. THE EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT IS COMPARED
WITH A THEORETICAL PREDICTION.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
Describe the hydrostatic force on submerged plane surface.
Identify the relationship between center of pressure and the hydrostatic force
Measure the centre of pressure..
3.0 THEORY OF THE EXPERIMENT

Figure 3.1: Detailed nomenclature for locating the center of pressure.

Figure 3.2 shows the submerged surface viewed from the left side of the tank. The depth of the
centroid below the surface of the water is h. The x-y coordinate system has its origin at the centroid.
The y-direction position of the center of pressure, yR, is
Equation 3.1

PREPAIRED BY : NOR AMANI FILZAH BINTI MOHD KAMIL

SIGNATURE
:
DATE

: 18 FEBRUARY 2013

FACULTY: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPT : CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
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EFFECTIVE DATE:

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TEST TITLE: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON

PLANE SURFACE

AMENDMENT
DATE:

19/2/13

where Ixc is the moment of inertia of the surface about the x-axis, and A is the surface area. The
location of the center of pressure can be measured using the apparatus sketched in Figure 3.1.
The counterweight is adjusted so that the beam is horizontal when there is no water in the tank
and no weight in the pan. When the tank is filled with water the unbalanced hydrostatic force
causes the beam to tilt. Adding weight W to the pan at a distance L from the pivot O exerts a
moment WL that counterbalances the resultant moment due to the hydrostatic forces on the
quarter-annulus-shaped body. When the water level is as shown in the figure, there are
hydrostatic forces on surfaces AB,BS and AT. Since BS and AT are concentric cylindrical surfaces
with the common axis passing through O, the hydrostatic forces on BS and AT do not exert any
moment about O. As a result, WL is equal to the moment due to the hydrostatic force F acting
on the vertical plane surface AB. In this experiment the force F is not measured. Instead the
theoretical value F = ghA is assumed, where h is the depth of the centroid of the surface. The
moment due to F is measured and the theoretical value of F is used to compute the location of
the center of pressure. Balancing the moments about O gives
Equation 3.2
Substituting F = ghA and solving for yR yields
Equation 3.3

FACULTY: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPT : CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

PAGE NO.:
EDITION:

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TEST TITLE: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON

PLANE SURFACE

REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:

01
18/2/13
19/2/13

4.0 EQUIPMENTS
The experiment consists of an annular sector of solid material attached to a balance beam. When the device
is properly balanced the face of the sector that is not attached to the beam is directly below (coplanar) with
the pivot axis. The solid sector and the balance beam is supported above a tank of water.

4.1: Center of Pressure apparatus

5.0 PROCEDURES
1. Adjust the counterweight so that the balance the beam is horizontal with no water in the tank.
2. Add water up to some level. During the lab you will use at least four water levels. Make sure
some water levels leave part of the vertical face exposed.
3. Add weights to the pan to restore the beam to a horizontal position. Record the weight. Measure H.
4. Measure and record h.
5. Calculate yR,th and compare to yR,m. If the values are not reasonably close, check your measurement procedure.
6. Return to step 2 and repeat the measurements using at least three other water levels.

FACULTY: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPT : CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

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EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:

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TEST TITLE: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON PLANE

SURFACE

EFFECTIVE DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:

18/2/13
19/2/13

6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

Given:
Water density, = 1000 kg/m3
Gravity acceleration, g = 9.81 ms 2
Distance between pivot O and pan, L (m) =

1. Record the readings in the table below.

Water depth
(m)

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Weight, W
(g)

Distance between surface water to

beam, H (m)

Depth of the centroid of the

surface, h (m)

Calculate yR from equation 3.1. Call this the theoretical value yR,th.
For each water depth, calculate yR from equation 3.3. Call this value the measured value yR,m.
Plot yR,th versus h and yR,m versus h on the same axes.
Plot yR.th yR.m versus h.
Plot yR,th yc versus h.

7.0 QUESTIONS
1. How does the design of the apparatus enable the resultant force on the vertical surface to be measured?
a. Are any significant forces being neglected?
b. Does the section of the vertical surface that is above the water surface contribute any error to the
measurement?
2. Compare the experimental and theoretical values of yR and explain any discrepancy. Pick one point in the
middle of the range of measurements. For that data point, how much of a change in the measured y R would
be caused by an error of 10 grams in the weight measurement?
3. What is the primary trend in yR yc versus water depth? Is this consistent with the theory presented in lecture
and in the textbook?

FACULTY: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPT : CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
TEST TITLE: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON
PLANE SURFACE
8.0 Answers

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AMENDMENT DATE:

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