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How To Deal With Fluid in The Endometrial Cavity During Assisted Reproductive Techniques
How To Deal With Fluid in The Endometrial Cavity During Assisted Reproductive Techniques
Introduction
Endometrial cavity fluid (ECF) is a fluid accumulation
within the endometrial cavity. It is not a common complication
during assisted reproductive techniques
(ARTs), but it, especially the excessive one, is detrimental
to embryo implantation and thus negatively impacts
the ART outcome [1__,210]. The relevant factors of
ECF during ARTs remain unclear, much less the
relevant treatments [1__,210]. In this short review,
the recent developments of ECF during ARTs are highlighted
and discussed, with particular emphasis on the
development of ECF treatment.
ECF [5,8].
As to PCOS as a relevant factor of ECF during ARTs,
over-reactive fluid generation and secretion of the genital tract or the peritoneal
membrane during ARTs in PCOS
patients might contribute to the development of ECF
[2,3,11]. Here, higher levels of serum estrogens or gonadotrophins
and the relevant changes of aquaporins in
expression and fluid transport might be a mechanism for
ECF development [2,3,11,12].
Key points
_ Both tubal infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome
are the two main factors related to the
development of endometrial cavity fluid (ECF).
_ It was excessive ECF (equal to or higher than
3.5mm in the anteriorposterior diameter) that
would have a negative impact on the assisted reproductive
technique outcome, especially in those
patients with tubal infertility and with the ECF
persisted until the implantation period.
_ In ECF patients with nontube infertility, embryo
transfer can be performed safely if the ECF has
disappeared and not returned by the day of embryo
transfer.
_ Removing ECF with an embryo transfer catheter
immediately before embryo transfer may be a successful
method of treatment to those nonexcessive
ECF patients with nontube infertility.
_ In patients with excessive ECF, particularly those
with tubal infertility, postponing embryo transfer
with medical or surgical intervention should, however,
be considered.
Expectant treatment
Conclusion