LTE Advanced

3GPP Evolution
3GPP Release

LTE: What is new?

new radio transmission schemes:
OFDMA in DL
SC-FDMA in UL
MIMO Multiple Antenna
Technology
New radio protocol architecture:
Complexity reduction
Focus on shared channel
operation, no dedicated channels
anymore

new network architecture:

More functionality in the base
station (eNodeB)
Focus on PS domain
Flat architecture (2-nodes)
All-IP

Important for Radio Planning

Frequency Reuse 1

No need for Frequency

Planning
No need to define neighbour lists
in LTE

LTE becomes LTE-Advanced with 3GPP Rel 10

LTE-Advanced Goals

LTE-A fulfills or exceeds the requirements of

IMT-Advanced defined by ITU

Meet and exceed capabilities requested for

IMT-Advanced
Meet 3GPP operators requirements for LTE
evolution
Enhance macro network performance

Mobility

Enable efficient use of small cells

More Bandwidth available
Able to achieve higher data rates ( up to 1
Gbps in downlink for stationary users)

Enhance the coverage by increasing data rates

on the cell edge
Data rates

Backward compatibility

System Performance Requirements

Peak data rate

1 Gbps data rate will be achieved by 4-by-4 MIMO and transmission bandwidth wider than
approximately 70 MHz
Peak spectrum efficiency
DL: Rel. 8 LTE satisfies IMT-Advanced requirement
UL: Need to double from Release 8 to satisfy IMT-Advanced requirement

DL
Peak data rate

Peak spectrum efficiency

[bps/Hz]

Rel. 8 LTE

LTE-Advanced

300 Mbps

1 Gbps

IMT-Advanced

1 Gbps(*)

UL

75 Mbps

500 Mbps

DL

15

30

15

UL

3.75

15

6.75

*100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility

System Performance Requirements (Contd)

Capacity and cell-edge user throughput

Target for LTE-Advanced was set considering gain of 1.4 to 1.6 from
Release 8 LTE performance

Capacity
[bps/Hz/cell]

DL

UL

Cell-edge user
throughput
[bps/Hz/cell/us
er]

DL

UL

Ant. Config.

Rel. 8 LTE*1

LTE-Advanced*2

IMT-Advanced*3

2-by-2

1.69

2.4

4-by-2

1.87

2.6

2.2

4-by-4

2.67

3.7

1-by-2

0.74

1.2

2-by-4

2.0

1.4

2-by-2

0.05

0.07

4-by-2

0.06

0.09

0.06

4-by-4

0.08

0.12

1-by-2

0.024

0.04

2-by-4

0.07

0.03

x1.4-1.6

Technology Enables LTE-Advanced

Multiband
UE and BTS
capability

More
spectrum

Baseband
processing
capability

Carrier aggregation

4-8
antennas in
UE
Optical
transport
availability

MIMO enhancements
CoMP
Heterogeneous
networks
Relays

LTE-A

LTE-Advanced benefits from technology evolution in

baseband and RF area, availability of new spectrum and
optical fiber transport

Multiple
power
amplifiers
in UE
Multiantenna
BTS site
Low cost
small BTS

Features standardized in 3GPP Release10

Key aspects in
3GPP Rel.10 Carrier Aggregation

..

Carrier Bandwidth extension by carrier aggregation

Downlink: Up to 100 MHz bandwidth with 2 Release 8

carriers from different frequency bands

Uplink: Only single band carrier aggregation

New codebook for downlink (DL) 8TX MIMO

Feedback enhancements for DL 2TX/4TX Multiuser MIMO

2TX/4TX Uplink Single/Multiuser MIMO

Coordinated multipoint transmission
(CoMP), also known as cooperative system
Receiving transmission from
multiple sectors (not necessary
visible for UE)

Single Relay Node architecture based on self-backhauling

eNB

Simple intercell interference coordination in time domain

Enhancements for office Femto handovers

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

Coordinated Multipoint

Relaying

Heterogeneous
networks

Bandwidth Extension by Carrier Aggregation

Key aspects in
Carrier Aggregation
3GPP Rel.10

..

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

up to 100 MHz
Flexible component carrier aggregation
different frequency bands
Component Carrier
asymmetric in UL/DL (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)
Mobility

Coordinated Multipoint

20 MHz

10 MHz

Aggregated BW: 30MHz

Relaying

20
MHz

20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

in June
2009
Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz =
100MHz

Heterogeneous
networks

300Mbps300Mbps300Mbps300Mbps300Mbps
1.5Gbps

Carrier Aggregation (CA)

High peak data rate of 1 Gbps in downlink and 500 Mbps in uplink can be achieved with bandwidth
extension from 20 MHz up to 100 MHz.
Backwards compatibility to Release 8 by combining N Release 8 component carriers to N x LTE bandwidth,
for example 5 x 20 MHz = 100 MHz
Old LTE terminals use one carrier, new ones all N

LTE-Advanced maximum bandwidth

Rel8 BW

Rel8 BW

Rel8 BW

Rel8 BW

Rel8 BW

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Carrier 3

Carrier 4

Carrier 5

CA also offers opportunities for

autonomous interference
management schemes
especially relevant for
heterogeneous networks.

Both contiguous and

non-contiguous CA is
supported offering
improved spectrum
flexibility (e.g. for
refarming).

MIMO Extension
Carrier Aggregation

..

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

Coordinated Multipoint

Relaying

Heterogeneous
networks

Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP)

Carrier Aggregation

..

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

Coordinated Multipoint

Cooperation of antennas of

multiple sectors / sites

Interference free

Relaying

by coordinated
transmission /
reception
Highest

Heterogeneous
networks

performance
potential

Service Area

Relaying
Carrier Aggregation

..

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

Fast deployment
Coverage with low

Coordinated Multipoint

Relaying

Heterogeneous
networks

infrastructure costs

Heterogeneous Network
Carrier Aggregation

..

Carrier1Carrier2 Carrier n

8x

MIMO 4x

Coordinated Multipoint

Heterogeneous Networks The

Combined Benefit of Wide & Local Area
Wide Area sites

Relaying

Heterogeneous
networks

Medium
area sites

Local
area

Local
area

WLAN

WLAN

Local
area

WLAN
WLAN

Medium
area sites

Local
area

Local
area

WLAN

Heterogeneous Networks The Combined Benefit

of Wide & Local Area
Majority of cell sites
today
> 300 m
> 5 W output power

Wide Area sites

Medium area
sites

Local
area

WLAN

Local
area

Local
area

Medium area
sites

Local
area

Share of sites growing

100 300 m
15W

Local
area

License exempt growing &

Secondary services emerging
10-100 m
< 100 mW

WLAN

WLAN

Share will grow in future

10 100 m,
< 500 mW

WLAN

Benefits of Multi-Layer Deployment

Coverage improvement from local area cells in
edge or shadowed regions
Capacity increase from more transmission
points in a given area

WLAN

Tradeoffs involved with Multi-Layer

Co-channel deployment needs no
additional spectrum but creates
interference between the layers and
within the same layer >> this
interference needs to be controlled for

Macro

Micro

Pico,
Femto

Access
Points

LTE-A Improving the Radio Performance

Peak rate

Average rate
(capacity)

Cell edge rate

(interference)

Coverage (noise
limited)

Carrier aggregation

++

++

MIMO enhancements

++
(o)

++
(+)

++
(+)

CoMP

++

Heterogeneous
networks

++

++

Relays

++

= clear gain

= moderate gain