A-19

Exercise 5

Hydraulics

Subject

Hardening furnace

Title

To familiarise the student with the applications of a 3/2-way valve

To show how to determine times, pressures and forces during the

Training aim

advance and return strokes of a single-acting cylinder

Drawing the hydraulic circuit diagram

Determining the necessary components
Practical assembly of the circuit
Measuring the travel pressure and travel time for the advance and
return strokes

Calculating the required advance-stroke pressure

Calculating the advance-stroke speed and time

TP501 Festo Didactic

Problem definition

A-20
Exercise 5

Exercise

The cover of a hardening furnace is to be raised by a single-acting cylinder. The cylinder is activated by a 3/2-way valve. A 9 kg weight is attached to the cylinder to represent the load. Measure and calculate the
following values:

Travel pressure, load pressure, resistances and back pressure

Advance-stroke time and speed
Positional sketch

TP501 Festo Didactic

A-21
Exercise 5

EXERCISE SHEET

Direction

Travel pressure

Travel time

Evaluation

Advance stroke
Return stroke

Characteristic data required for calculation:

Applied load:

FG = 90 N

Piston area:

APN = 2 cm

Stroke length:

s = 200 mm

Pump output:

q = 2 l/min

Load pressure:

pL =

FG
A PN

pL =
Hydraulic resistance = Travel pressure - load pressure
p res =

How great is the back pressure in relation to the hydraulic resistance?

TP501 Festo Didactic

Conclusion

A-22
Exercise 5

Advance-stroke speed: v adv =

q
A PN

v adv =

Advance-stroke time:

t adv =

s
v adv

t adv =

Conclusion

Do the calculated and measured advance-stroke times agree?

TP501 Festo Didactic

C-19
Solution 5

Hardening furnace

Circuit diagram, hydraulic

TP501 Festo Didactic

C-20
Solution 5

Practical assembly,
hydraulic

System
pressure
p = 50 bar
(5 MPa)

Pump
safety valve
pmax = 60 bar
(6 MPa)

TP501 Festo Didactic

C-21
Solution 5

Item no.

Qty.

Description

Components list

0Z1

Hydraulic power pack

0Z2, 0Z3, 1Z1

Pressure gauge

0V1

Non-return valve

0V2

Pressure relief valve

1V

4/2-way valve, manually operated

1A

Cylinder, double-acting

1Z2

Loading weight

Hose line

Branch tee

Stop-watch

For this exercise, the cylinder is bolted onto the base plate on the left of
the profile plate and loaded with the weight. When the cylinder is connected up, it is essential that the upper connection is connected to the
tank. In place of a 3/2-way valve, a 4/2-way valve is now used, with one
connection blanked off. Once the circuit has been assembled, the PRV
0V2 should first be fully opened. The hydraulic power pack should then
be switched on and the PRV 0V2 slowly closed until the pressure gauge
0Z3 indicates 50 bar. The 4/2-way valve 1V can now be slowly reversed,
which will cause the piston rod of the cylinder to advance. The design of
the valve means that, as this is slowly reversed, the full cross-section of
the valve is not immediately opened. Initially, the pump delivery to the
cylinder will be throttled. As soon as the valve is returned to its initial
position, the piston rod of the cylinder will return to its lower end position.

Solution description

The values specified in the tables can now be measured.

Direction

Travel pressure

Travel time

Advance stroke

8 bar

1.1 s

Return stroke

0 bar

1.4 s

TP501 Festo Didactic

Evaluation

C-22
Solution 5

Characteristic data required for calculation:

Applied load::
Piston area:

FW =

90 N

APN =

2 cm

Stroke length:

s = 200 mm

Pump delivery:

q=

Load pressure:

pL =

2 l/min
FW
90 N
45 N
=
=
= 4.5 bar
2
A PN 2 cm
cm 2

Hydraulic resistance = Travel pressure - load pressure

pres = 8 bar - 4.5 bar = 3.5 bar

Conclusions

The back pressure is considerably lower than the hydraulic resistance. A

cylinder motion can take place only if this case applies. The value of the
back pressure depends on the hydraulic resistances. These are very low
when fluid is discharged into the tank.
2000 cm 3
l
60 s
q
=
= min2 =
A PN 2 cm
2 cm 2
2

Advance-stroke speed:

v adv

v adv = 16.67

Advance-stroke time:

Conclusions

t adv =

s
v adv

cm
m
= 0.17
s
s

0.2 m
= 12
. s
m
0.17
s

The measured advance-stroke time, 1.1 s., is slightly less than the calculated time. The reason for this may be that the delivery of a new pump
is somewhat greater than 2 l/min.

TP501 Festo Didactic