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Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Dung Trinh
HCMUT / 2015
Electronic Circuits
Chapter 5: Op-Amp
Dr. Dung Trinh
HCMUT / 2015
Content
Introduction
Inverting & Non-Inverting Amplifier
Current-to-Voltage Converter
Instrumentation Amplifier
Integrator and Differentiator
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Introduction
The integrated circuit operational amplifier evolved soon after development of the
first bipolar integrated circuit.
The A-709 was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1965 and was one of the
first widely used general-purpose op-amps. The now classic A-741, also by
Fairchild, was introduced in the late 1960s.
In the ideal op-amp:
The open-loop gain
approaches infinity
Circuit symbol of Op-Amp
Aod
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Inverting Amplifier
One of the most widely used op-amp circuits is the inverting amplifier
2
=
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We obtain:
Then:
1 =
1
=
1
1
1 =
1
2 =
2
= 1
= 2 =
2
1
=
=
1 1 + 1 1 + 2
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Summing Amplifier
1 +
2 +
1
2
3 3
If 1 = 2 = 3, then:
+ 2 + 3
1 1
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Non-Inverting Amplifier
We have:
2 =
2
0
1 =
1
Because 1 = 2, then:
2
=
= 1+
= 0
Example 3: Derive the closed-loop gain of noninverting amplifier which has a finite differential
gain of Aod.
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Current-to-Voltage Converter
In some situations, the output of a device or
circuit is a current. An example is the output of a
photodiode or photo-detector. We may need to
convert this output current to an output voltage.
= 2 =
Current-to-voltage converter
Voltage-to-current converter:
2 = 1 =
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Voltage-to-Current Converter
At the inverting terminal:
=
1
At the non-inverting terminal:
= +
3
2
Voltage-to-current converter
Then:
1
=
1 3
2
1 3
1
If
:
=
1 3 2
=
1 3
2
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Voltage-to-Current Converter
Example 4: Let = 100 , 1 = 10, 2 = 1, 3 = 1, and = 10.
If = 5, determine the load current iL and the output voltage vO.
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Difference Amplifier
An ideal difference amplifier amplifies only the
difference between two signals. It rejects any
common signals to the two input terminals.
For example, a microphone system amplifies an
audio signal applied to one terminal of a
difference amplifier, and rejects any 60 Hz noise
signal or hum existing on both terminals
Op-amp difference amplifier
If
2 4
:
=
1 3
If
2 4
:
1 3
2
= 1 +
1
=
4
2
3
1
4 2
1
1+
3
2
1
1 2
1
= 2 + 1
2
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Difference Amplifier
Example 5: Consider the difference amplifier. Let 2/1 = 10 and 4/3 = 11.
Determine CMRR(dB).
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Instrumentation Amplifier
Obtain a high input impedance and a high
gain in a difference amplifier with
reasonable resistor values: DIFFICULT.
Instrumentation amplifier
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Instrumentation Amplifier
The current in resistor R1 and R2 is
1 =
1 2
1
2
2
= 1 + 1 2 = 1 +
1 1 1 2
2
2
= 2 1 2 = 1 +
1 2 1 1
2 1
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Instrumentation Amplifier
Example 6: Consider the instrumentation amplifier circuit. Assume that 4 = 23
so that the difference amplifier gain is 2. Determine the range required for resistor
R1 to realize a differential gain adjustable from 5 to 500.
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Op-amp integrator
Op-amp integrator:
=
1 2
Op-amp differentiator:
= 2 1
Op-amp differentiator
Reading: Microelectronics, Circuit Analysis and Design, D.A. Neamen, 4th edition, p621-670
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Q&A
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