2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

1/8

The Inverting Integrator

The circuit shown below is the inverting integrator.

C
i2 (s)
vin (s)

R
i1 (s)

Jim Stiles

v-

ideal
v+

oc
vout
(s )

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

2/8

Its the inverting configuration!

Since the circuit uses the inverting configuration, we can conclude that the
circuit transfer function is:
oc
(1 s C ) = 1
vout
(s )
Z (s )
= 2
=
G (s ) =
vin (s )
Z 1 (s )
R
s RC

In other words, the output signal is related to the input as:

oc
vout
(s ) =

1 vin (s )
RC
s

From our knowledge of Laplace Transforms, we know this means that the output
signal is proportional to the integral of the input signal!

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

3/8

The circuit integrates the input

Taking the inverse Laplace Transform, we find:

v (t ) =
oc
out

RC

vin (t ) dt
0

For example, if the input is:

vin (t ) = sint
then the output is:

Jim Stiles

oc
out

(t ) =

RC

sint dt =
0

1 1

RC

cost =

The Univ. of Kansas

RC

cost

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

4/8

Or, in the Fourier domain

We likewise could have determined this result using Fourier Analysis (i.e.,
frequency domain):
oc
1 j C )
(
vout
( )
Z 2( )
j
G ( ) =
=
=
=
vin ( )
Z 1( )
R
RC

Thus, the magnitude of the transfer function is:

G ( ) =
And since:

j
1
=
RC
RC

( )

( )

j
j = e ( 2) = cos 2 + j sin 2

the phase of the transfer function is:

G ( ) =

Jim Stiles

radians = 90D

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

5/8

Magnitude and phase

Given that:
oc
vout
( ) = G ( ) vin ( )

and:

oc
vout
( ) = G ( ) + vin ( )

we find for the input:

where:

vin (t ) = sint

vin ( ) = 1

and

vin ( ) = 0

that the output of the inverting integrator is:

oc
( ) = G ( ) vin ( ) =
vout

and:

Jim Stiles

RC

oc
vout
( ) = G ( ) + vin ( ) = 90D + 0 = 90D

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

6/8

See, its an integrator

Therefore:
oc
vout
(t ) =

RC
1

RC

sin t + 90D

cost

Exactly the same result as before!

If you are still unconvinced that this circuit is an integrator, consider this timedomain analysis.
i ( t)
2

+ vc -

vin(t)

R
i 1 ( t)

Jim Stiles

v-

i = 0

v+

ideal

oc
vout
(t )

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

7/8

The time-domain solution

From our elementary circuits
knowledge, we know that the voltage
across a capacitor is:

vc (t ) =

i (t ) dt

and from the circuit we see that:

oc
oc
vc (t ) = v (t ) vout
(t ) = vout
(t )

i 2 ( t)

therefore the output voltage is:

v (t ) =
oc
out

i2(t ) dt
0

vin(t)

+ vc -

R
i 1 ( t)

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

v-

i = 0

v+

ideal

oc
vout
(t )

Dept. of EECS

2/23/2011

The Inverting Integrator lecture

8/8

The same result no matter how we do it!

From KCL, we likewise know that:

i1(t ) = i2(t )
and from Ohms Law:

i1(t ) =

vin (t ) v (t ) vin (t )
=
R1
R1

i 2 ( t)

C
+ vc -

Therefore:

i2 (t ) =

vin (t )
R1

vin(t)

R
i 1 ( t)

and thus:

v (t ) =
oc
out

RC

i (t ) dt
2

v-

i = 0

v+

ideal

oc
vout
(t )

vin (t ) dt
0

The same result as before!

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS