REAL

NUMBER
SYSTEM

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REAL NUMBERS

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NOTATIONS
Real Numbers (R)
Rational Numbers (Q)
Integers (Z)

Negatives of Natural
Numbers Z

( )

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Irrational Numbers (Q)

Fractions (Z)

Zero

Natural Numbers (N)

REAL NUMBERS
The set N of natural numbers
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, . . .}
These are numbers for counting things.

The set Z of integers

Z = {. . ., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}

Z = Z {0} N

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REAL NUMBERS
The set Q of rational numbers
a
Q = {x | x = , a, b Z }
b
This set includes fractions as well as
integers.
All rational numbers are characterized
by having repeating decimal form.

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REAL NUMBERS
The set Q of irrational numbers
Q = {x|x Q}

2 = 1.414213562 ...

= 3.1415926535 ...
The set R of real numbers
R = Q Q

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Determine whether each of these statements is true or false.
Note: I = set of irrational numbers.
False
False
True
False

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Determine whether each of these statements is true or false.
True
True
False
True

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Closure Properties

Closure Property of Addition
If a, b R, then a + b R.

Closure Property of Multiplication
If a, b R, then a b R.

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Commutative Properties

Commutative Property of Addition
For every a, b R, then a + b = b + a.

Commutative Property of Multiplication
For every a, b R, then a b = b a.

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Associative Properties

Associative Property of Addition
For every a, b, c R,
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c).

Associative Property of Multiplication
For every a, b, c R,
(ab)c = a(bc).

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Distributive Property

For every a, b , c R,
a ( b + c) = ab + ac
(b + c)a = ba + ca

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Identity Properties

Identity Property of Addition
For every a R, a + 0 = 0 + a = a.

Identity Property of Multiplication
For every a R, a 1 = 1 a = a.

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Inverse Properties

Inverse Property of Addition
For every a R, there exists a called
the additive inverse of a, such that
a + a = a + a = 0.

Inverse Property of Multiplication
For every a R and a 0, there exists
1/a called the multiplicative inverse of a,
such that a 1/a = 1/a a = 1.

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PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
Multiplication Property of Zero

For every a R, a 0 = 0 a = 0.

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
An interval of real numbers is the set of real
numbers that lie between two real numbers, which
are called endpoints of the interval.
Interval notation is used to represent intervals.

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
The interval notation (2, 3) is used to represent the
real numbers that lie between 2 and 3 on the number
line.

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
Parentheses are used to indicate that the endpoints
do not belong to the interval, whereas brackets are
used to indicate that the endpoints do belong to the
interval.

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
The interval notation [2, 3] consists of the real numbers
between 2 and 3 including the endpoints.

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
Some intervals do not have endpoints. The infinity
symbol, , is used to indicate that an interval does not
end.
For example, the interval (3, ), consists of the real
numbers greater than 3 and extending infinitely far to
the right of the number line

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INTERVALS OF REAL
NUMBERS
The interval (
, 3), consists of the real numbers less
than 3.

The set of real numbers is written in the interval

notation (
, ).

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ACTIVITY 1
Write each interval of real numbers in interval
notation and graph it.

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OPERATIONS ON REAL
NUMBERS
Perform these computations.

62 + 13

49

88 + ( 39 )

127

32 ( 25 )

32 ( 25 )

57

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OPERATIONS ON REAL
NUMBERS
Perform these computations.

15

15

75

75
1 1

2 4

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3
4

OPERATIONS ON REAL
NUMBERS
Perform these computations.

57 19

8
20
3

15

1 1
+
2 2

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Evaluate each expression.

5+ 23

11

9 23

72

(6 4 )

100

40 8 2 5 3

2 2

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ORDER OF OPERATIONS

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ORDER OF OPERATIONS
Evaluate each expression.

20 2 5

50

4 + 72

53

6 (7 8)

( 6 8 ) (5 9 )

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ORDER OF OPERATIONS
Evaluate each expression.

3 5(6 2 5)

4 2 9 + 32
5+ 3 6 43

59
24

23
16
23

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ORDER OF OPERATIONS

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