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Seal Oil Systems Stage - 1
Seal Oil Systems Stage - 1
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A gas drier with activated alumina absorbent material filled is
connected across the generator blower. Gas is circulated through the drier.
The absorbent material will take up about 1kg of water, after that
disconnecting the drier from the machine and then heating with a built in
electric heater can dry it out. Before and during the drying process air is
forced through the drier by a small blower to remove the moisture. A
thermostat protects the drier against over heating. The dryness of active
material can be determined by the colour of absorbent material as seen
through the window in the bottom of the drier. The colour will be light blue,
when dry and grayish pink, when saturated with moisture.
3.7
GENERATOR
TRANSMITTER
HYDROGEN
PURITY
INDICATING
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meter blower and circulates the gas drawn from the generator. Thus the
pressure developed by the purity meter blower varies with pressure,
temperature and purity of the gas. The purity-indicating transmitter is
provided with automatic compensation for pressure variations.
The purity meter has two scales, one at upper and another at lower.
The lower scale is calibrated in terms of purity and is associated with the
pressure compensated pointer. The upper scale indicates gas density
(relative to air at 100%) and is associated with the uncompensated pointer.
Only the lower scale is visible. Upper scale is used for calibration purpose.
The lower scale is divided into three sections. In the approximate centre of
the scale there is a point marked air-100. This pointer is used for calibrating
the gauge with out removing the gas from the generator. The left hand end
of dial shows percentage of CO2 in the mixture of CO2 and air. This scale is
used during scavenging operation when CO2 is being admitted into the
generator. The right hand side of the dial shows percentage of H 2 present in
the mixture of H2 and air. This scale is used to determine the purity of H2.
The hydrogen purity-indicating transmitter produces a pneumatic
output signal. This output signal is then converted in to electric signal. It is
carried to a remotely located receiver provided with a dial on the Hydrogen
control panel. Two switch assemblies are provided with purity-indicating
transmitter. These are used for Hydrogen purity High or Low alarms when
the differential pressure varies.
3.8
GENERATOR
BLOWER
PRESSURE
HYDROGEN
PRESSURE INDICATING TRANSMITTER
GUAGE
AND
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A dual pressure gauge is provided on the hydrogen control panel,
which indicates both the pressure developed by the blower on the generator
rotor and the hydrogen pressure in the generator housing. The range of
blower pressure gauge scale is 0-400cm of water.
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The hydrogen is cooled by passing it through coolers where the gas
gives up its heat to the cooling water in the finned tubes of the coolers.
30
the gland seal rings is caught in chambers of each side of the seal from
which it is drained back to the gland seal oil system.
separating the airside of the seal oil system from the hydrogen side of the
seal oil system. When this is done, hydrogen side oil is returns to the
hydrogen side of the seal ring in the generator, thus preventing the escape
of absorbed hydrogen to the outside atmosphere.
returns to the airside of the seal ring, thus preventing the release of absorb
air or moisture with the hydrogen compartment at the generator.
The seal oil is supplied to the airside of the gland seal rings at a
pressure of 0.84 Kg/cm2 above the generator gas pressure. The hydrogen
side seal oil is maintained at the same pressure by means of pressure
equalizing valves. As a result, the interchange of air side and hydrogen
side oil at the gland rings is held to a minimum, the air side seal oil flowing
only to the air side and the hydrogen side seal oil flowing
only to the
hydrogen side. While the interchange of seal oil at the gland seal rings is
held to a minimum, the variation in pressure over a long period of time may
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result in a gradual increase or decrease in amount of oil in the two sides of
the seal oil system. A hydrogen side drain (Fig .5) regulator is provided for
adding or removing of oil from the hydrogen side of the seal oil system.
This chamber has two float valves; one will introduce oil into the chamber
from the airside of the system. If the oil level gets low, the other float valve
allows the oil from the chamber, to flow to the airside of the system if the
level gets high. The quantity of oil in the hydrogen side of the gland seal
system is kept constant and the oil levels are properly maintained.
line between the two tanks so that the difference in the pressure at the two
ends of the generator will not cause circulation of oil vapour through the
generator
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hydrogen side seal oil flow chamber. It pumps part of this through seal oil
cooler to the hydrogen side of the seal ring. A pressure-equalizing valve is
provided in the hydrogen side to feed the line at each end, which maintains
the (Fig.7) hydrogen side seal oil pressure at the same value as the airside
seal oil pressure. A bypass line is provided around the pump which allows
that portion of the oil not required by the pressure equalizing valve to return
to the suction side of the pump.
the seals through the seal oil back up, the excess oil will overflow through
the seal oil return line into the main bearing oil frame.
The main oil pump on the turbine pump shaft is the primary source of
seal oil back up when the turbine speed is 75% or full speed.
When the
turbine oil reservoir is equipped with a turbine governor auxiliary oil pump,
this pump will be actuated by turbine controls, and it will supply seal oil back
up when the turbine speed is less than 75%. When the airside seal oil
pressure at the seal drops to 0.35 Kg/cm 2 above gas pressure, a switch will
close and automatically starts the airside seal oil back up pump. The pump
will continue to operate as it is held in by an interlock in the control and can
be stopped only by the push button. When this pump starts, seal oil
pressure low and seal oil back up pump Running signal will appear. When
this appears, the H2 pressure in the machine should be decreased to 0.14
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Kg/cm2 gauge or less. Amount of gas pressure that can be maintained in the
generator depends not upon pressure being developed by the source of seal
oil pressure then operating, but depends upon the pressure available from
the next backup source of seal oil pressure.
The generator may also be operated with H 2 with out the H2 seal oil
pump. Under this condition the seal oil from the airside feed groove will flow
in both direction along the shaft.
maintain the H2 purity since airside oil flowing into the H 2 side of the sealing
will bring air and moisture into contact with the H 2 inside the machine and
will remove some of the H2 from the generator by absorption into the oil.
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It also
gauges by high pressure in the event that the other valves in the pump
discharge are incorrectly set when the pump is started.
2. Set the differential seal oil pressure regulator No.256 to open with
minimum differential pressure between the oil and gas pressure.
Releasing the spring pressure on the regulator may do this. Loosen the
vent in the bellows to allow oil to drip out during preliminary operation
at the seal oil unit. This will get rid of any entrapped air and will ensure
stable operation of the regulator.
tighten the plug after approximately one litre of oil has leaked out from
the plug.
3. Close valves Nos.263, 265 & 266 to isolate the main turbine oil system
back up from the rest of the seal oil system during the part of
preliminary operation.
4. Start the airside seal oil pump. This provides oil pressure at the shaft
seals.
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5. Oil will now flow through valve No.232 into the hydrogen side drain
regulator.
6. The de-foaming tanks will now fill up to the level of overflow
connections.
7. Excess oil in the deforming tanks flows to the hydrogen side drain
regulator. The hydrogen side drain regulator maintains a steady
quantity of oil in the gas side seal oil system. Valve Nos.231 & 232 will
maintain the normal level.
If the level
becomes low float valve No.232 opens and the oil flows from the
airside seal system into the chamber. Jacks are provided in the valves
No.231 & 232 so that they can be opened or closed manually in case of
emergency.
8. Close valve No.254, and close the differential pressure regulator No.
256.
9. Screw down on the adjustment of the relief valve No.258 until the
pressure on the discharge of the airside seal oil pump is 7 Kg/cm2.
10.
Open
valve No.254.
11.
Valve
Adjust the
Set
the
relief valve No.243 and the hydrogen side seal oil pump similar to relief
valve No.258.
14.
Start
the
hydrogen side seal oil pump. This will provide oil to the hydrogen side
of the shaft seals.
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15.
Close the
valves 211, 218 & 242 and screw down on the adjustment of the relief
valve 243 until the hydrogen pressure at the hydrogen side seal oil
pump discharge is 7 Kg/cm2.
16.
valves 211, 218 & 242.
Open
17.
Adjust
Pressure
equalizing valve 210 & 217 will now maintain the hydrogen side seal oil
pressure at the shaft seals at the same pressure as the airside seal oil
pressure.
19.
If
Open
21.
Stop
airside seal oil pump. Start the high-pressure auxiliary pump.
22.
the
Adjust the
back up regulator 264 to maintain the airside seal oil pressure at the
seals at 0.56 Kg/cm2 above the hydrogen pressure.
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23.
Check the
Start
the
25.
The
seal
Turning
gear oil pumps supply only 0.35 Kg/cm 2 pressures of the seals. This is
insufficient to maintain 0.56 Kg/cm2 differential pressures. Therefore
when these pumps are operating such that turbine is at standstill or on
turning gear and high-pressure auxiliary oil pumps is out of service.
When
this
differential
pressure
drops
to0.35
Kg/cm 2,
switch
PSA/542/424 will automatically close and start the airside seal oil back
up pump.
switch and back up pump by opening valve 273, close valve 248
temporarily and then read pressure gauge. Slowly crack open valve
274.
decreases to 0.40 Kg/cm2 from the initial reading. Close valve 274 and
open valve 248. Stop the airside seal oil back up pump.
27.
Check the
Stop
the
38
This switch should close when the difference between discharge and
suction pressure of the H2 side seal oil pump decreases to 0.35 Kg/cm 2
(gauge) and actuate the H2 side seal oil pump off alarm.
29.
Start
H2
operation.
may develop as much as 0.15 Kg/cm 2 pressure. The gas and oil sensing
lines to the seal oil pressure regulator come from high pressure zone of
the generator. Therefore the operation of the regulator is not affected
by the gas pressure, however the gas pressure line from the generator
to the gas pressure gauges come from a low pressure zone of the
generator. At low pressure, the observed differential between the air
pressure gauge and oil pressure gauge may be 0.84 Kg/cm 2. While at
high pressure the apparent differential pressure will be 0.99 Kg/cm 2.
This is not the true difference since the gas pressure in
the high-
pressure zone of the generator has gone up to 0.15 Kg/cm 2 more than
the gas pressure in the low-pressure zone of the generator.
2. Stop the air side seal oil pump and check the setting of the back up
pressure regulator 264 which should open when the seal oil pressure at
the seals decreases to 0.56 Kg/cm 2 above the hydrogen pressure. This
regulator should maintain the differential pressure.
seal oil back up pump to make sure that it starts automatically when
the differential pressure switch DPSA/542/424 closes.
3. When the generator is operating at maximum pressure and maximum
oil temperature, throttle valve 242 until seal oil
differential pressure
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gauges no longer give steady readings. If seal oil differential pressure
(oil to gas) is not with in plus or minus 50mm of water, readjust
regulator 210 &217 to obtain this value.
40
Therefore interchange of airside and hydrogen side gland seal oil is
minimized. The air brought into the machine due to this interchange will not
adversely affect the purity of hydrogen since hydrogen is added to make up
normal gas leakage. The hydrogen side seal oil pump can be bypassed any
time for maintenance. When the pump is not in service, the flow of airside
seal oil to the hydrogen side seal oil is greatly increased. So, a certain
amount of hydrogen is removed from the generator by absorption. The purity
may be decreased to 90% to conserve hydrogen.
density of the gas slightly. With the generator running at the rated speed,
approximately 20M3 of hydrogen per day will maintain the purity at 90%
during bypassing operation.
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the bearing oil pump, through the generator bearing and into the loop seal.
If the back up seal oil pump starts under this condition, valves 263 and 265
should be opened and the H 2 pressure should be reduced to 0.14 Kg/cm 2 or
less as the next back up pressure available from the low pressure turbine
pumps.
purged out.
The
sequence of starting is (a) air side seal oil pump (b) H2 side seal oil pump.
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Since the back up regulator 264 is normally required it is advisable to
check it once a month to ensure that it will operate correctly when needed.
Read the seal oil pressure gauge at valve 236.
Slowly throttle valve 254. When the pressure gauge readings decrease
to 0.28 Kg/cm2 from its initial reading, the back up regulator 264
should start to open.
Continue to throttle valve 254 slowly. If the seal oil pressure continues
to drop, it indicates that the back up regulator needs to be readjusted.
With the backup regulator 264 set to hold the seal oil pressure at 0.56
Kg/cm2 above gas pressure, slowly close 254.
should not decrease; when the valve 254 is fully closed the seal oil
pressure is being supplied by the turbine oil system.
Stop the airside seal oil pump.
Open valve 254.
Check for proper operation of the airside seal oil back up pump.
Start the airside seal oil pump.
All pressure switches should be checked for correct operation and for
mechanical defects. Each self-cleaning filter should be cleaned at regular
intervals.
require any housing. The dirt removed is collected at the bottom of the filter
housing, from where it can be drained by means of a valve.
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Hydrogen side drain regulator should be drained and the cover
removed, so that any accumulation of sludge or other foreign materials can
be cleaned out.
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sufficient to remove the air since there is no much mixing of air and CO 2
under this conditions. Purity meter connections are provided to take gas
samples from either the top or bottom of the machine. During the addition of
CO2 gas sample should be taken from the top of the machine. After 11/2
volumes of CO2 is put in the generator, the purity meter should read about
95% CO2.
A hydrogen cooled turbine generator is operated with the gas in the
machine 95% H2 or above by volume. If 3 volumes are introduced into the
generator when it is running the resulting mixture will be 95% H 2 and 2
volumes with the rotor at stand still. Connecting the purity meter sampling
lines to the bottom of the frame should check purity of gas. During the
normal operation of the H2 cooled generator the H2 purity is maintained 95%
or above. When the H2 side seal oil pump is shut down, gas must be added to
maintain the pressure and to maintain the purity. Inflow of 1M 3 of air will
require the addition of 24M3 of H2 to maintain the purity at 95% and 10M 3 of
H2 to maintain the purity at 90%. For removing H 2 from the generator, CO2 is
introduced at the bottom of the housing as a scavenging gas and H 2 is driven
at the top.
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Make certain that normal seal oil pressure is established at the seals.
Make sure that the purity meter system is operating correctly.
Make sure that the purity meter blower is running and that power and
or air supplies to the H2 panel have been turned on.
Check that sufficient quantities of H2 and CO2 are available.
Connect the purity meter sampling lines to the top manifold, open
valves 34 & 36, close valves 33&35.
Connect vent to the top manifold by opening valve39 & closing 38.
Isolate the H2 supply by closing valve 30.
Connect the CO2 supply to the bottom manifold by opening valve 37.
Recheck valves 40,41&42 in the H2 panel to be sure valve 40 is closed.
Valves 41 & 42 are open.
Admit CO2 to the generator through the valve 48.Do not allow machine
pressure to exceed
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hydrogen purity.
volumes.
Open valve 24 for approximately two minutes for purging out of the
CO2 from the lead box.
When the desired purity level has been reached close valve 38. The
machine pressure will increase for one Kg/cm 2 increase in gas pressure;
one machine volume of gas will be required.
The pressure regulator on the hydrogen pressure control manifold may
be set for the desired machine gas pressure as follow.
1. Close valve 2, 53 and 1 and turn the T handle of the regulator in
anti clockwise direction.
2. Open valve 54 to allow the manifold pressure to go to zero.
3. Close valve 54.
4. Open valve 1 and set the desired pressure by tuning the T
handle of the regulator clockwise and observe the pressure
gauge on the generator side.
5. Open valve 2, the regulator will now allows hydrogen to flow into
the generator until the set pressure has been reached.
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blowing dry air to one end of the generator to drive out the CO 2. Open
all water detector drains.
Ventilate for several hours after removing manhole cover, before
entering into the generator.
When replacing the manhole covers, do not forget to close the water
detector lines.
48
direct measurement at a number of typical hot gas temperatures. There after
for a given hot gas temperature either gauge reading may be transferred to
the other gauge reading by multiplying or dividing by the constant.
Density
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correctly, air may enter in to the generator through the airside seal oil. Float
valves 231 &232 maintain the oil level in the hydrogen side drain regulator
with in certain limits. If valve 232 does not function properly when the oil
level rises, airside oil is forced into the tank. The level is maintained since
valve 231 is open when the oil level is high and allows the extra oil to be
forced into the loop seal.
50
AND
Check bearing brackets and lead box joints, lead bushings, gas cooler
flexible end, piping connections, and instrument boards. Tighten bolts in
sequence such that loads on gasket or other joints are evenly applied.
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differential pressure at seals and check the difference between hydrogen
side and airside seal oil pressure.
52
The low hydrogen purity signal is given by an alarm contact system in
the purity indicating transmitter and indicates that the hydrogen purity in the
generator is lower than 90%. This signal indicates low hydrogen purity, which
may be a result of improper operation of the pressure equalizing valves, or
the hydrogen side drain regulator. The high hydrogen purity signal is given
by an alarm contact in the purity indicating transmitter and indicates that
the purity meter pointer is above 100% mark. If the meter indicates a higher
purity, either the pointer or the meter has struck or the purity meter blower
has stopped.
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the hydrogen cooler would be the first to be filled if water were leaking from
the coolers. A secondary cause for an alarm would be an overflow of the oil
from the gland seal oil system. At the exciter end of the generator, the water
detector high signal indicates that the detector at the bottom of the main
lead box was full of oil, which had overflowed from the seal. At the water
detector, at the centre of the generator, and alarm would indicate that an
overflow of liquid from either end of the machine had reached that point. The
three detectors may given pressure signal by making contact on a second
alarm separately or may be paralleled to give one alarm. Opening the valve
at the bottom and draining each detector will show whether the liquid is
water, or oil or a mixture.
54
This signal indicates that the oil level in one of the defoaming tanks is
too high and is given by signal contact on the float switches located in both
the collector end and the turbine end-defoaming tank. This alarm will sound
when the oil level rises above the overflow connection, a condition which
might be due to an excessive oil flow from the seals, a clogged overflow or
drain line or the improper functioning of the float valve 231 in the hydrogen
side drain regulator. If this alarm is sounded, the oil level in the defoaming
tanks should be checked immediately, since if the level gets too high the oil
will back up through the seals in the generator. Float valve 231 & 232 are
provided with jacks by which they can be opened manually in case of
emergency. The defoaming tanks are provided with drain valves through
which excess oil can be drained. Care should be taken in the operation of
these valve as the defoaming tanks contain hydrogen at the same pressure
as the gas in the generator.
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differential pressure of the seal oil to 0.84 Kg/cm 2 above the gas pressure. If
it is found that the cause of the trouble lies in the turbine oil back up pumps
and at least one of these pumps cannot be taken into normal service
immediately, the hydrogen pressure in the generator should be reduced to
0.14 Kg/cm2 or less as the only back up for this seal back up pump are the
motor driven low pressure oil pumps which can deliver only a limited
pressure.
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turbine auxiliary oil pump (or back up pump on the oil reservoir) cannot be
started immediately and the turbine back up pressure in the turning gear oil
pump, the hydrogen pressure in the generator should be reduced to 0.14
Kg/cm2 gauge or less.
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inlet and outlet of the pump. The switch closes when the pump starts, the
turbine auxiliary pump (or the seal oil back up pump on the main oil
reservoir) should be started immediately to serve as a source of high
pressure seal oil backup. If high-pressure backup cannot be provided and if
the airside seal oil pump cannot be restored, the hydrogen pressure should
be reduced to 0.14Kg/cm2.
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