LECOM Pharm One-Liners 2012

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1.

1st generation antihistamine that is

highly sedating

Diphenhydramine

18.

Agent that is metabolized

to acetaldehyde by
alcohol dehydrogenase
and microsomal enthanoloxidizing system (MEOS)

Ethanol

2.

2nd generation antihistamines

Fexofenadine,
loratidine, and
cetrizine

3.

5HT-1D/1B agonist used for migraine

headaches

Sumatriptain,
naratriptan, and
rizatriptan

19.

Agent used for anemias

associated with renal
failure

Erythropoietin

4.

5HT-3 antagonist used in

chemotherapeutic induced emesis

Ondansetron,
granisetron,
dolasetron and
palonosetron

20.

Agent used for closure of

patent ductus arteriosus

Indomethacin

21.

Agent used for

megaloblastic anemia (but
does NOT reverse
neurologic symptoms)
and decreases neural tube
defects during pregnancy

Folic Acid

22.

Allopurinol treats chronic

gour by inhibiting

Xanthine oxidase

23.

Alpha 1 agonists toxicity

Hypertension

24.

Alpha 1 selective blockers

Prazosin, terazosin and

doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)

25.

Amino acid derivative for

treatment of Type II
diabetes

Nateglinide

26.

Anemia caused by
trimethoprim

Megaloblastic anemia

27.

Angiotensin receptors
blockers do NOT cause

Dry cough

28.

Anti-biotic frequently
used for chronic UTI
prophylaxis

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

29.

Antidote for
acetaminophen toxicity

N-acetylcysteine

30.

Antidote for Tissue

plasminogen activator (tPA)

Aminocaproic acid

31.

Antidote to
benzodiazepine overdose
(antagonist that reverses
the CNS effects)

Flumazenil

5.

A1a-selective blocker used for BPH

Tamsulosin
(Flomax)

6.

Ability of drug to produce a biologic

effect

Efficacy

7.

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated

in...

Pregnancy and
with K+

8.

Acetaminophen only has

Antipyretic and
analgesic activity

ACTH analog used for diagnosis of

patients with corticosteroid
abnormality

Cosyntropin

Activation of these receptors close

Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit
neurotransmitter release and pain
transmission

Presynaptic mu,
delta, and kappa
receptors

ADH agonist used for pituitary

diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin
(DDAVP)

12.

Agent for pernicious anemia

Cyanocobalamin
(Vit B12)

13.

These agents are CNS depressants

Ethanol,
Barbiturates, and
Benzodiazepines

9.

10.

11.

These agents decrease blood flow or

increase blood pressure, are local
decongestants, and used in therapy of
spinal shock (temporary maintenance
of blood pressure which may help
maintain perfusion)

Alpha 1 agonists

15.

Agents for reduction of postpartum

bleeding

Oxytocin and
ergonovine

32.

Antidote to reverse
actions of heparin

Protamine Sulfate

16.

Agents used in treatment of carcinoid

tumor

Cyproheptadine

33.

N-acetylcysteine

17.

Agents with greater affinity to 5HT2A

receptor; reserved for refractory
schizophrenia, and can cause weight
gain and agranulocytosis

Clozapine

Antidote used for

acetaminophen (APAP)
toxicity

34.

Antidote used for

benzodiazepine toxicity

Flumazenil

35.

Antidote used for heparin

toxicity

Protamine Sulfate

14.

36.

Antidote used for opioid toxicity

Naloxone (IV),
naltrexone (PO)

55.

Cheap wide spectrum

antibiotic DOC of otitis media

Amoxicillin

37.

Antidote used for

organophosphate/anticholinesterase
poisoning

Atropine,
Pralidoxime (2PAM)

56.

Common SE of spironolactone

Gynecomastia and
hyperkalemia

57.

38.

Antidote used for Warfarin toxicity

Vitamin K and
Fresh Frozen
Plasma (FFP)

Common side effect of

Rifampin

Orange urine
discoloration

58.

Converted to more active form

DHT by 5 alpha-reductase

Testosterone

59.

"Date rape drug"

Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)

60.

Decreases liver triglycerol

synthesis

Niacin

61.

Distribution of histamine
receptors H1, H2, and H3

Smooth muscle; stomach,

heart, and mast cells;
nerve endings, CNS
respectively

62.

Diuretic used for mountain

sickness and glaucoma

Acetazolamide

63.

Diuretic used to antagonize

aldosterone receptors

Spironolactone

64.

Diuretic used to treat primary

aldosteronism

Spironolactone

65.

DMARDs are slow acting drugs

for

Rheumatic Disease

66.

DOC for bipolar affective

disorder

Lithium

67.

DOC for giardia, bacterial

vaginosis, pseudomembranous
colitis, and trichomonas

Metronidazole

68.

DOC for herpes and its MOA

Acyclovir; activates
thymidine kinase

69.

DOC for influenza A and B

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

70.

DOC for malignant

hyperthermia by acting on the
sarcoplasmic reticulum or
skeletal muscle

Dantrolene

71.

DOC for malignant

hyperthermia that may be
caused by use of halogenated
anesthetics

Dantrolene

72.

DOC for management of acute

Ventricular arrhythmias

Lidocaine

73.

DOC for N. gonorrhea

Cetriaxone

Anti emetics used in association with

anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3
(serotonin receptor subtype antagonist)

Odansetron,
granisetron,
dolasetron,
palonosetron

40.

Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor

+ breast cancer

Tamoxifen

41.

Anti-microbials that cause hemolysis in

G6PD-deficient patients

Sulfonamides

42.

Antipsychotics having the strongest

autonomic effects

Chlorpromazine
or Thioridazine

43.

Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses,

and MPTP (by-product of illicit
meperidine analog) and is irreversible

Drug induced
Parkinsonism

Anti-psychotics shown not to cause

tardive dyskinesia

Clozapine and
quetiapine

Antipsychotic used in treatment of

psychiatric symptoms in patients with
dementia

Risperidone

46.

Anti-seizure drugs used for pain of

neuropathic origin

Gabapentin

47.

Atypical antipsychotic causing high

prolactin levels

Risperidone

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it

accelerates recovery from
benzodiazepine overdose

Flumazenil

These Beta Blockers decrease aqueous

secretion

Timolol
(nonselective),
betaxolol
(selective)

39.

44.

45.

48.

49.

Binds tubulin and prevents the

disassemble of microtubules during the
M phase of the cell cycle inducing
mitotic arrest

Paclitaxel (taxol)

Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands),

limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis

Bleomycin

52.

Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD

Ipratropium

74.

DOC for RSV

Ribavirin

53.

Captopril and enalapril (-opril ending)

are...

ACE inhibitors

75.

DOC for tx of
pseudomembranous colitis

ORAL vancomycin

54.

Cardioselective Beta 1-Blockers

Atenolol,
acebutolol, and
metoprolol

76.

Dopamine agonist used in

hyperprolactinemia

Bromocriptine

50.

51.

77.

Drug causing depletion of

substance P (vasodilator)

Capsaicin

100.

Loops lose and thiazide diuretics

retain

Calcium

78.

Drug of choice for myoclonic

seizures

Valproic acid

101.

Losartan and valsartan block

Angiotensin receptor

102.

Drug of foods (grapefruit juice)

that increases statin effect

Inhibit Cytochrome
P450 3A4

Major effect of benzodiazepines

on sleep at high doses

REM is decreased

79.

103.

Drugs of choice for absence

seizures

Ethosuximide and
valproic acid

Major route of elimination for

Lithium

Kidneys

80.

104.

Valproic acid,
phenytoin and
carbamazepine

May protect against doxorubicin

cardio-toxicity by chelating iron

Dexrazoxane

Drugs of choice for generalized

tonic-clonic and partial seizures

105.

Bradykinin

82.

Drug that causes contraction of

the uterus

Oxytocin

Mediator of tissue pain, edema,

inactivated by ACE, and may be a
contributing factor to the
development of angioedema

83.

Drug used for MRSA

Vancomycin

106.

Rifampin

84.

Drug used in neuroleptic

malignant syndrome

Dantrolene

Meningitis prophylaxis in
exposed patients

107.

Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit

drug

LSD

Methyldopa is contraindicated
in...

Geriatrics due to its CNS

(depression) effects

108.

MOA action of cromolyn

Mast Cell Stabilizer

86.

Fibrates (gemifibrozil increase

activity of

Lipoprotein Lipase

109.

MOA and effect of nitric oxide

87.

H2 blocker that causes the most

interaction with other drugs

Cimetidine

Stimulates cGMP which

leads to vascular
smooth muscle
relaxation

88.

Heparin (PTT) increases activity of

Antithrombin 3

110.

HIV antiviral class known to have

severe drug interactions by
causing inhibition of metabolism

Protease inhibitors

Sodium channel
blockers

89.

MOA of class I A (eg.

Procainamide), Class IB (eg.
Lidocaine), and Class IC (eg.
Flecainide) antiarrhythimcs

Hormone inhibiting prolactin

release

Dopamine

111.

MOA of nitrates

90.

91.

Increase bone density, also being

tested for breast CA tx.

Raloxifene (SERMselective estrogen

receptor modulator)

Relax vascular smooth

muscle, at low doses
dilate veins and at high
doses dilate arterioles

112.

MOA of quinolones

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Inducers of Cytochrome P450

(CYP450)

Barbiturates,
phenytoin,
carbamazepine, and
rifampin

113.

MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)

92.

Inhibits
phosphodiesterase-5,
enhancing effects of
nitric oxide-activated
increases in cGMP

93.

Inhibit ACE

ACE inhibitors

114.

MOA of sulfonamides

94.

Inhibitor of lipoxygenase

Zileuton

Inhibit dihydropteroate
synthase

95.

Inhibitors of CYP450

Cimetidine,
ketoconazole,
erythromycin,
isoniazid and
grapefruit

115.

MOA of thrombolytics

Lyse thrombi by
catalyzing the formation
of plasmin which binds
fibrin

116.

MOA utilizes intracellular

receptors

Thyroid and steroid

hormones

117.

MOA utilizes trans-membrane

receptors

Insulin

118.

Moderate opioid agonists

Codeine, hydrocodone,
and oxycodone

81.

85.

Interaction with this drug requires

dose reduction of 6-MP

Allopurinol

Life threatening cardiac event that

prolongs QT leads to

Torsades de pointes

98.

Limiting side effect of Quinidine

Prolongs QT interval

99.

Long acting insulin

Ultralente (humulin U)

96.

97.

119.

Monitoring parameter to obtain before

initiation of STATINS

LFT's

139.

Prototype antagonist of H1
and H2 receptors

Diphenhydramine

120.

The most common neurologic

abnormality in chronic alcoholics

Peripheral
neuropathy

140.

PTU (propylthiouracil MOA)

121.

Most widely used thyroid drugs such as

Synthroid and Levoxyl contain

L-thyroxine (T4)

Inhibits thyroid hormone

synthesis by blocking
iodination of the tyrosine
residues of thyroglobulin

122.

Muscarinic angatonist used in asthma

Ipratropium

141.

123.

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
in daughters of women who used it
during pregnancy

Diethylstilbestrol
(DES)

Readily detected markers that

may assist in diagnosis of the
cause of a drug overdose
include

Changes in heart rate,

blood pressure,
respiration, body
temperature, sweating,
bowel signs, and pupillary
responses

124.

NSAID used in gout

Indomethacin

142.

Opioid antagonist that is given IV and

had short DOA

Naloxone

Reason benzos are used

cautiously in pregnancy

Ability to cross the placenta

125.

143.

Beta-blockers

126.

Opioid antagonist that is given orally in

alcohol dependency programs

Naltrexone

Reduced heart rate,

contractility, and O2 demand

144.

127.

Opioid associated with awareness

during surgery and post-operative
recall, but still used for high-risk
cardiovascular surgeries

Fentanyl

Selective alpha 1 blocker used

for hypertension, BPH, may
cause first dose orthostatic
hypotension

Prazosin, terazosin,
doxazosin

145.

128.

Opioid available trans-dermally

Fentanyl

Acebutolol, atenolo,
esmolol, metoprolol

129.

Opioid that can be given PO, by

epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve
the dyspnea of pulmonary edema

Morphine

Selective B1 receptor blockers

that may by useful in treating
cardiac condition in patients
with asthma

146.

Raloxifene

130.

Opioid used in the management of

withdrawal states

Methadone

131.

Osmotic diuretic used for increased

intracranial pressure

Mannitol

Selective estrogen receptor

modulator (SERM) used for
prevention of osteoporosis
and currently being tested for
treatment of breast cancer
(Stars study)

132.

Patients being treated with lithium,

who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics
concurrently, could develop

Lithium toxicity

147.

SE of ACE inhibitors

Dry cough, hyperkalemia

148.

SE of acetazolamide

133.

Pneumonic for beta receptors

You have 1
heart (Beta 1)
and 2 lungs
(Beta 2)

134.

Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit

Na+/K+
exchange

Paresthesias, alkalization of
the urine (which may ppt.
Ca salts), hypokalemia,
acidosis, and
encephalopathy in
patients with hepatic
impairment

149.

SE of alpha blockers

Atropine,
homatropine,
and tropicamide

Orthostatic hypotension
(especially first dose and
reflex tachycardia)

150.

SE of Aspirin

GI bleeding

151.

SE of beta blockers

Bradycardia, SEXUAL
DYSFUNCTION, decreases
in HDL, and increase in
Triglycerols (TG)

152.

SE of CCB

Constipation, edema, and

headache

153.

SE of hydralazine

Lupus-like syndrome

135.

Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

136.

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to

assess insulin production

C-peptide

137.

Prostaglandins that cause abortions

Prostaglandin E1
(misoprostol)
PGE2, and
PGF2alpha

138.

Prostaglandin used in the treatment

impotence

PGE1
(Alprostadil)

154.

SE of lithium

Tremor, sedation, ataxia,

aphasia, thyroid enlargment,
and reversible diabetes
insipidus

155.

SE of long term (>5 days)

corticosteroid therapy
and remedy

Adrenal suppression and

weaning slowly, respectively

156.

SE of loop (furosemide)
diuretics

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia,
and ototoxicity

157.

SE of niacin

Cutaneous flush

158.

SE of phenytoin

Gingival hyperplasia,
nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia

159.

SE of procainamide

Lupus-like syndrome

160.

SE of spironolactone

Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia,
and impotence

161.

SE of thiazide (HCTZ)
diuretics

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia
and hyperglycemia

162.

Side effects occuring in

antipsychotics that block
dopamine

EPS, hyperprolactinemia,
amennorrhea, galactorrhea,
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome

163.

Site of action of loop

diuretics

Thick ascending limb

164.

Site of thiazide diuretics

Work at early distal convoluted

tubule

165.

Some side effects of

corticosteroids

Osteopenia, impaired wound

healing, inc. risk of infection, inc.
appetite, HTN, edema, PUD,
euphoria, psychosis

Synthetic analog of ADH

hormone used for
diabetes insipidus and
nocturnal enuresis

Desmopressin

System that increases in

activity with chronic
exposure and may
contribute to tolerance

MEOS

168.

TCA used in chronic pain,

enuresis, and OCD

Imipramine

169.

Technique used to
diagnose perianal itching,
and the drug used to treat
it.

Scotch tape technique and

mebendazole

166.

167.

170.

THC is active ingredient, SE's

include impairment of
judgement, and reflexes,
decreases in blood pressure
and psychomotor
performance occur

Marijuana

171.

Thioamide less likely to cross

placenta, inhibits peripheral
conversion of T4 to T3 in high
doses, and should be used
with extreme caution in
pregnancy

PTU

172.

This agent has greater affinity

for muscarinic receptors and
used for postoperative and
neurogenic ileus and urinary
retention

Bethanechol

173.

This agent may cause more

severe, rapid and intense
symptoms (abstinence
syndrome) to a recovering
addict

Naloxone

174.

this beta blocker lacks local

anesthetic activity (decreases
protective reflexes and
increases the risk of corneal
ulceration) and used in
treating glaucoma

Timolol

175.

This is the drug of choice for

anaphylactic shock

Epinephrine

176.

Thrombolytics are used for

Pulmonary embolism and

DVT

177.

Time it takes for amount of

drug to fall to half of its value,
constant in first order kinetics
(majority of drugs)

Half-life (T1/2)

178.

Tolerance to all effects of

opioid agonists can develop
except

Miosis, convulsions and

constipation

179.

Toxicity of cholinergics

DUMBELSS (diarrhea,
urination, miosis,
bronchoconstriction,
excitation of skeletal
muscle and CNS,
lacrimation, salivation, and
sweating)

180.

Treat manifestations of
Parkinson's Disease and EPS

Benztropine,
trihexyphenidyl

181.

Treatment for TB patients

(think RIPE)

Rifampin, Isoniazid,
Pyrazinamide, and
Ethambutol

182.

Treatment of motion sickness

Scopolamine

183.

Treatments available for nicotine addiction

Patches, gum, nasal spray,

psychotherapy, and
bupropion

184.

Unicyclic antidepressant least likely to affect sexual performance, used for management of
nicotine withdrawal, SE's include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures

Bupropion

185.

Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis

PGE1 (Alprostadil)

186.

Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption

Calcitonin (salmon prep)

187.

Vancomycin MOA

Blocks peptidoglycan
synthesis

188.

Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant

Warfarin (PT)