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CE6404 - SUR II Vidyarthiplus 2
CE6404 - SUR II Vidyarthiplus 2
CE6404 - SUR II Vidyarthiplus 2
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QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL
SEMESTER: IV
9. What is a tacheometer?
10. Enumerate the errors caused due to manipulation and sighting in tacheometric surveying.
(AUC May/June 2012)
11. State the uses of tacheometry.
13. What are the three types of telescope used in stadia surveying?
14. List merits and demerits of movable hair method in tacheometric survey.
15. Compare tangential and stadia method.
16. What is the difference between a theodolite and tacheometer?
17. What is tangential tacheometry?
18. State the use of subtense bar.
19. The readings on a staff held vertically 60 m from a tacheometer were 1.460 and 2.055. The line
of sight was horizontal. The focal length of the objective lens was 24 cm and the distance from
the objective lens to the vertical axis was 15 cm. Calculate the stadia interval.
20. What is the difference between staff intercept and stadia intercept?
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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Staff
station
station
Vertical
Bearing
angle
Staff readings
134
+ 10 32'
1.360, 1.915
224
+ 05 06'
1.065, 1.885
2. To determine the gradient between two points A and B a tacheometer was set up at another station
C and the following observations were taken, keeping the staff vertical.
Staff at Vertical angle
+ 4 20 00
+ 0 10 40
If the horizontal angle ACB is 35 20 00. Determine the average gradient between A and B,
k = 100, c = 0.
3. In a subtense measurement of a leg of a traverse, two targets were set up at right angles to the line
of sight from the Instrument Station but on a sloping ground. From the following data, calculate the
distance of P and Q from the instrument stations.
Angle of elevation to target at P = 48o 00
Angle of elevation to target at Q = 12 40
Horizontal angle at instrument subtended by PQ = 1 40 20
Height of target above ground = 1.600 m
Slope measurement PQ = 28.0 m.
4. Derive the expressions for horizontal and vertical distances by fixed hair method when the line
of sight is inclined and staff is held vertically. (8)
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5. Determine the gradient from a point P to point Q from the following observations carried out with
a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens.
Inst
station
Staff
point
Bearing
Vertical
angle
Staff readings
340
+ 17
70
+ 12
Assume that the staff is held vertical and that the multiplying constant of the instrument is 100.
(8)
Staff
station
Target
Vertical
angle
Staff
reading
BM
Lower
-12
0.650
Upper
-9
2.550
Lower
-6
1.255
Upper
+4
3.100
Remarks
RL of B.M.
A
= 500 m
Find out the observation of BM and station B and the distance between the BM and station B.
(8)
8. Explain how you would compute the horizontal and vertical distances from the instrument
station in the tangential method of tacheometry. With the help of a schematic diagram, deduce
the equations for the horizontal distance and the vertical distance when both the vertical angles
measured are angles of elevation.
9. A theodolite was set up at a distance of 150 m from a tower. The angle of elevation to the top of
the tower was 10 08', while the angle of depression to the foot of the tower was 03 12'. The
staff reading on the B.M. of R.L. 50.217 with the telescope horizontal was 0.880. Find the height
of the tower and the reduced level of the top and foot of the tower.
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12. Distinguish between vertical and normal holding a staff in tacheometry survey. (6)
(AUC May/June 2009)
13. The following readings were taken with an anallatic tacheometer. The value of the constant was
100 and the staff was held vertically.
Inst
Height
Staff
Vertical
station
of axis
station
angle
1.46
B.M
-5O 30
Staff reading
Remarks
RL of BM
= 209.05 m
1.46
+3 24
1.40
+6O 12
Determine the horizontal distances between A, B and C and also the elevations of the three
stations. (12)
14. You are given a theodolite fitted with stadia hairs, the object glass of telescope being known to
have a focal length of 230 mm and to be at a distance of 138 mm from the trunnion axis. You
are told that the multiplying constant for the instrument is believed to be 180. The following
tacheometric readings are then taken from an instrument station A, the reduced level of which is
15.05 m.
Inst
at
H.I
Sight
Vertical
to
angle
Stadia readings
1.380 m
+30O
1.380 m
+45O
Remarks
15. The vertical angles to vanes fixed at 1 m and 3 m above the foot of staff held vertically at a
station A were 03o 10 and 050 24 respectively. Find the horizontal distance and the reduced
level of A if the height of the instrument axis is 138.556 m above datum. (AUC May/June 2012)
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16. A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained on a vertically
held staff.
Inst
station
Staff station
Vertical angle
B.M.
-02O 18
Remarks
RL of B.M = 425.515 m
A
+08 36
17. Calculate the tacheometric constants from the following readings taken with a tacheometer on
to a vertical staff. (8)
66.3
75.3
18. A staff held vertically at a distance of 50 m and 100 m from a transit fitted with stadia hairs, the
staff intervals with the telescope normal were 0.494 m and 0.994 m respectively. the instrument
was then set up near a B.M of R.L 1500 m and the readings on the staff held on the B.M was
1.495 m. The staff readings at the station A with staff held vertically and the line of sight
horizontal were 1.00, 1.85, and 2.70. What is the horizontal distance between the B.M and A
and R.L of A. (8)
19. During the course of tacheometric traversing from A to D, the following observations were made
with a theodolite fitted with an anallatic lens.
Line
Bearing
Vertical angle
AB
33o 35
+5o 45
BC
115o 50
+6o 30
CD
202 32
-2 55
Assuming the staff was held vertical and the multiplying constant of the instrument as 100,
calculate the distance of D from A along the traverse line. Also determine the reduced level of B,
C and D if the reduced level of A is 215.5 m and height of the instrument axis at A, B and C are
respectively 1.45 m, 1.4 m and 1.55 m.
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20. A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained on a vertically
held staff.
Inst at
Staff station
Vertical angle
Hair reading
B.M
-2 18
+8 36
Remarks
R.L. of B.M. is
437.655 m
Calculate the horizontal distance from A to B and the R.L. of B, if the constants of the instrument
were 100 and 0.4.
21. Explain how a subtense bar is used with a theodolite to determine the horizontal distance
between two points.
22. A theodolite has a tacheometric multiplying constant of 100 and an additive constant of zero.
The centre reading on a vertical staff held at point B was 2.292 m when sighted from A. If the
vertical angle was +25 and the horizontal distance AB 190.326 m, calculate the other staff
readings and show that the two intercept intervals are not equal. Using these values, calculate
the level of B if A is 37.950 m angle of depression and the height of the instrument is 1.35 m.
23. Explain the different between tangential and stadia tacheometry.
24. How will you determine the stadia constants?
25. A line was leveled tacheometrically with a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens, the value of
the constant being 100. The following observations were made, the staff having been held
vertically :
Inst.
Station
Ht. of axis
(m)
Staff
at
Vertical
angle
Staff
readings
1.38
B.M.
-1 54
Remarks
R.L=
B
1.38
+2 36
1.40
+3 6
638.55 m
-
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8. Name the different corrections to be applied to the length of a base line. (AUC May/June 2009)
9. Triangulation networks for covering a large area are composed of any one or a combination of
basic figures arranged as a series of chains or a connected centralized network. Enumerate any
two such arrangements.
10. List any four corrections that may be necessary when measuring the length of a baseline.
(AUC May/June 2012)
11. What is meant by control surveying?
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3. What is meant by a satellite station and reduction to centre? Derive the expression for reducing
the angles measured at the satellite station to centre. (8)
4. The following observations were made on a satellite station S to determine angle BAC.
Calculate the angle BAC. (8)
Line
Length
Line
Bearing
SA
9.500 m
SA
0 00' 00"
AB
2950 m
SB
78 46' 00"
AC
3525 m
SC
6. The elevation of two triangulation stations A and B 150 km apart are 250 m and 1050 m above
MSL. The elevation of two peaks C and D on the profile between satellite stations are 300 m
and 550 m respectively. The distance AC = 50 km and AD = 85 km. design a suitable signal
required at B, so that it is visible from the ground station A. (8)
7. After measuring the length of a baseline, the correct length of the line is computed by applying
various applicable corrections. Discuss the following corrections and provide expressions for
i)
8. From an eccentric station S, 12.25 m to the west of the main station B, the following angles
were measured.
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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9. A steel tape 20 m long standardized at 55 F with a pull of 98.1 N was used for measuring a
baseline. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the time of measurement was
80 F and the pull exerted was 156.96 N. Weight of 1 cubic metre of steel = 77107 N. weight of
tape = 7.85 N and E = 2.05 x 106 N/mm2. Coefficient of linear expansion of tape per degree
F = 6.2 x 10-6.
10. Explain the criterion of strength of a figure with reference to a well conditioned triangle. (8)
(AUC May/June 2009)
11. A tape 20 m long of standard length at 290C was used to measure a line, the mean temperature
during measurement being 190C. the measured distance was 882.10 m, the following being the
slopes: 2o 20 for 100 m; 4o 12 for 150 m; 1o 06 for 50 m; 7o 48 for 200 m; 3o 00 for 300 m;
5o 10 for 82.10 m. find the true length of the line if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x 10 -6 per
degree F. (8)
Opaque signals.
13. A steel tape of nominal length 30 m was suspended between two supports to measure the
length on a slope of 04o 25 is 29.861 m. the mean temperature during measurement was 15oC
and pull applied was 120 N. if standard length of the tape was 30.008 m at 27oC and the
standard pull of 50 N, calculate the correct horizontal length. Take the weight of the tape as
0.16N/m, its cross sectional area equal to 2.75 mm2 coefficient of linear thermal expansion
= 1.2x10-5 per degree Celsius and E = 2.05 x 105 N mm-2.
14. Two stations P and Q are 81 km apart. They are situated on either side of a sea. The instrument
axis at P is 39 m above MSL. The elevation of Q is 207 m above MSL. Calculate the minimum
height of the signal at Q. the coefficient of refraction is 0.08 and the mean radius of earth is
6370km.
Satellite stations
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16. Explain about the curvature and refraction correction in trigonometrical leveling. (8)
(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)
17. From a satellite station S, 5.8 m from main triangulation station A, the following directions were
measured.
A = 0o 0 0; B = 132o 18 30; C = 232o 24 06; D = 296o 06 11; AB = 3265.5 m; AC =
4020.2 m; AD = 3086.4 m. determine the directions of AB, AC and AD. (8)(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)
18. How are the triangulation system classified and how triangulation survey work carried out? (8)
(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)
19. A 30 m steel tape was standardized on the fiat and was found to be exactly 30 m under no pull
at 66o F. it was used in catenary to measure a base of 5 bays. The temperature during the
measurement was 92o F and the pull exerted during measurement was 100N. The area of cross
section of the tape was 8 mm2. The specific weight of steel is 78.6 kN/m2. = 0.63 x 10-5 Fo and
E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2. Find the true length of the tape.
20. The altitude of two proposed stations A and B, 100 km apart, are respectively 420 m and 700 m.
The intervening obstruction situated at C, 70 km from A as an elevation of 478 m. Ascertain if A
and B are intervisible, and if necessary find how much B should be raised so that the line of
sight must be less than 3 m above the surface of the ground.
21. Explain with reference to signals, Non-luminous, luminous and night signals, and phase of
signals.
22. A tape 20 m long of standard length at 29C was used to measure a line, the mean temperature
during measurement being 19 C. The measured distance was 882.10 meters, the following
being the slopes : 2 20 for 100m ; 4 12 for 150 m; 1 6 for 50m; 7 48 for 200 m; 3 00 for
300 m;5 10 for 82.10 m; Find the true length of the line if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x
10-6 per degree F.
23. What are the different methods by which the difference in elevation could be determined? Name
the corrections to be applied.
24. Write short notes on :
i) Selection of site for Base line.
ii) Satellite station.
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8. Distinguish between the observed value and the most probable value of a quantity.
(AUC May/June 2012)
9. What are normal equations?
PART B
1. The following are the observed values of the angle A with the corresponding weights.
(i) 51 20 30 Weight 2
(ii) 51 20 28 Weight 3
(iii) 51 20 29 Weight 2.
Determine:
(1) the standard deviation
2. Find the most probable values of the following angles closing the horizontal at a station.
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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P = 45 23 37 Weight = 1
Q = 75 37 15 Weight = 2
R = 125 21 21 Weight = 3
S = 113 37 59 Weight = 3.
3. What do you understand by the terms station adjustment and figure adjustment and also explain
the method of adjustment by least squares. (8)
Inst station
Angle
Weight
77 14' 20"
49 40' 35"
53 04' 53"
5. What is meant by weight of an observation and enumerate laws of weights giving examples.(8)
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
6. The following are the observed values of an angle
Angle
Weight
18 09' 18"
18 09' 19"
18 09' 20"
Determine probable error of observation of weight 3 and that of the weighted arithmetic mean.
(8)
7. Find the most probable values of the angles A, B, C from the following observations at a station
P.
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A = 38 25' 20"
Weight 1
B = 32 36' 12"
Weight 1
Weight 2
Weight 1
Weight 2
8. i) Form the normal equations for x, y and z in the following equation of equal weight:
3x + 3y + z 4 = 0
x + 2y + 2z 6 = 0
5x + y + 4z 21 = 0
ii) If the weights of the above equation are 2, 3 and 1 respectively form the normal equations for
x, y and z.
10. What is meant by triangulation adjustment? Explain the different conditions and cases with
sketches. (8)
11. Give the general rules for the adjustments of a geodetic triangle. (8)
12. Some leveling was carried out with the following results.
Rise or Fall
Weight
P to Q
+4.32m
Q to R
+3.17m
R to S
+2.59m
S to P
-10.04m
Q to S
+5.68 m
The R.L of P is known to be 131.31 m above datum. Determine the probable levels of other
points.
13. The following are the mean values observed in the measurement of three angles A, B and C at
a station.
A
76o 42 46.2
Weight 4
A+B
134o 36 32.6
Weight 3
B+C
185o 35 24.8
Weight 2
A+B+C
262 18 10.4
Weight 1
Calculate the most probable value of each angle using normal equation. (AUC May/June 2012)
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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17. Adjust the following angles closing the horizon at a station. (8)
A = 122o 05 58.9 weight 1
B = 86o 45 16.4 weight 1
C = 72o 50 31.2 weight 3
D = 78o 18 16.6 weight 1.
18. Explain an eccentric station (satellite station) may be selected in triangulation survey.
19. From a satellite station S, 5.8 m from the main triangulation station A, the following directions
were observed.
Inst station
Angle
0 00' 00"
132 18 30
296 6 11
The length AB, AC and AD were computed to be 3265.5 m, 4022.2 m and 3086.4 m
respectively. Determine the directions of AB, AC and AD.
20. How will you obtain error from direct observations of unequal weights on a single quantity?
21. Explain the different Laws of weights as applicable to the theory of errors.
22. The following angles were measured at a station O so as to close the horizontal angles:
Adjust the angles by method of correlates.
Inst station
Angle
Weight
AOB
83 42 28.75
BOC
102 15 43.26
COD
94 38 27.2
DOA
79 23 23.77
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23. Find the most probable value of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC, from the following
observation equations:
Inst station
Angle
68 12 36
53 46 12
58 01 16
8. What is the correction for parallax when the altitude of celestial body is observed?
(AUC May/June 2009)
9. Define the right ascension (R.A).
13. What are the types of night signals to be used in triangulation survey?
14. Give the relationship for conversion of sidereal time to mean time.
15. Describe nautical almanac.
16. What is the relation between the Right ascension and Hour Angle?
17. Distinguish between sidereal time and standard time.
18. What is meant by declination?
19. What are the kinds of errors possible in survey work?
20. What are the corrections to be applied to the observed altitude of sun?
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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PART B
1. Briefly explain Latitude by Prime Vertical transit and the effect of errors. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
2. At a point in latitude 55 46 12 N, the altitude of suns centre was found to be 23 17 32 at 5h 17m,
P.M. (G.M.T.) The horizontal angle at the R.M. and Suns centre was 68 24 30. Find the azimuth
of the sun.
Data:
i)
4. What is the equation of time? Show that it vanishes four times a year. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)
5. Determine the hour angle and declination of star from the following data:
Altitude of star = 22 30'
Azimuth of the star = 145 E
Latitude of the observer = 49 N. (8)
6. What are parallax and refraction and how do they affect the measurements of vertical angles in
astronomical work? (8)
7. If the GST of GMN is 13 29 28 , what will be the HA of the star of RA 22 19m 20s at a place in
longitude 120 32' W at 2.10 AM, GMT the same day. (8)
8. Describe the Napiers rules of circular parts in obtaining the solution of right angle spherical
triangle. (8)
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9. Find the shortest distance between two places A and B, given that the latitudes of A and B are
15 00' N and 12 06' N and their longitudes are 50 12' E and 54 00' E respectively. Find also
the directions of B on the great circle route. Radius of the earth = 6370 km. (8)
(AUC Apr/May 2011)
10. Write a detailed note:
i)
Sidereal time
11. The following observations of the sun were taken for azimuth of a line in connection with a
survey.
Mean time = 16h 30m
Mean hour angle between sun and referring object = 18 20' 30"
Mean corrected altitude = 33 35' 10"
Declination of the Nautical Almanac = + 22 05' 36"
Latitude of the place = 52 30' 20"
Determine the azimuth of the line. (8)
12. Explain the three systems of coordinates by which the position of a heavenly body can be
specifies.
14. A star was observed at western elongation at a place in latitudes 52 20 N and latitude
52o 20 E when its clockwise horizontal angle from a survey line was 105o 49 55. Find the
azimuth of the survey line and the local mean time of elongation given that the stars declination
was 73o 27 30 N and its right ascension 14h 50m 54s the GST of GMN being 5h 16m 54s. (8)
(AUC May/June 2009)
15. i) With the help of a sketch, explain the construction of an astronomical triangle. Obtain the
relations existing amongst the spherical coordinates. (8)
ii) Find the GMT corresponding to the LMT 9h 40m 12s A.M. at a place in longitude 42o 36 W. (4)
iii) Derive an expression for correction for refraction to be applied to the observed or apparent
altitudes of the celestial bodies. (4)
16. the mean observed altitude of the sun, corrected for refraction, parallax and level was
36o 14 16.8 at a place in latitude 36o 40 30 N and longitude 56o 24 12 E. the mean watch
time of observation was 15h 49m 12.6, the watch being known to be about 3m fast on LMT. Find
the watch error given the following:
Declination of sun at the instant of observation = +17o 26 42.1
GMT of GAIN = 11h 56m 22.8s.
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17. Find the azimuth of the line QR from the following ex-meridian observations for azimuth.
SI. NO.
Object
Face
Altitude Level
O
Sun
5.4
4.6
Sun
5.2
4.8
Horizontal Circle
A
1
30 12 20
o
Vertical Circle
210 12 10
o
112 20 30
292 20 20
30 12 20
24 30 40
293o 40 40
113o 40 30
25o 00 00
25o 01 00
211o 50 30
31o 50 20
19. Determine the hour angle and declination of a star from the following data.
Altitude of the star = 21o 30
Azimuth of the star = 140o E
Latitude of the observer = 48o N.
20. Explain about astronomical correction and instrumental correction to be observed altitude and
azimuth.
21. Calculate the suns azimuth and hour angle at sunset at a place in latitude 42 30 N, when is
declinations is
(i) 22 12 N and
(ii) 22 12 S.
22. Enumerate and explain the relationships between the coordinates of celestial sphere.
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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23. Explain the method of prediction of tide at a place using non-harmonic constants.
24. Calculate the azimuth of the sun and hour angle at sunset at a place in latitude 55 N, when its
declination is :
i)
20 N
ii) 30 N
iii) 15 S and
iv) 20 S.
25. A zenith pair observation of a star crossing the meridian was made to determine the latitude of a
place. Refraction correction = - R cot .
Star
Declination
Altitude
X1
15 15 17 N
62 15 20 S
X2
70 43 13 N
62 17 30 N
9. What is a fathometer?
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PART B
1. Explain Direction and velocity of current by floats using three methods. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010)
2. Explain the location of floats with two theodolite method. (8)
5. Derive the parallax equation for determining the height from a pair of vertical photographs.(8)
(AUC Apr/May 2010)
6. Two ground points A and B appear on a pair of overlapping photographs which have been taken
from a height of 3600 m above the mean sea level. The base line as measured on the two
photographs is 89.5 mm and 90.5 mm respectively. The mean parallax bar readings for A and B
are 79.32 mm and 30.82 mm. if the elevation of A above the mean sea level is 230.35 m,
compute the elevation of B. (8)
ii) By one angle from shore and one angle from the boat.
iii) By intersecting ranges.
iv) By time intervals of the survey vessel.
9. A section line AB appears to be 10.16 cm on a photograph for which the focal length is 16 cm.
The corresponding line measures 2.54 cm on a map which is to a scale 1/50,000. The terrain
has an average elevation of 200 m above mean sea level, Calculate the flying altitude of the
aircraft, above mean sea level, when the photograph was taken. (8)
10. List the different methods of locating soundings. Explain any two methods.
(AUC May/June 2009)
IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil
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11. What is a three point problem in hydrographic surveying? What are the various solutions for the
problem? Explain in detail. (8)
13. i) With the help of suitable sketches, explain the following methods of locating soundings.
a) Location by range and one angle from the shore.
b) Location by two angles from the shore. (8)
ii) A camera having focal length of 20cm is used to take a vertical photograph of a terrain having
an average elevation of 1500m. What is the height above sea level at which an aircraft must fly
in order to get the scale of 1:8000? (4)
iii) The scale of an aerial photograph is 1 cm = 100 m. the photograph size is 20 cm x 20 cm.
determine the number of photographs required to cover an area of 100 sq.km, if the longitudinal
overlap is 60% and the side lap is 30%. (4)
14. Explain the principle underlying Electronic Distance Measurement. Write a note on errors in
EDM.
15. Given the three shore signals A, B and C and the angles and subtended by AP, BP and CP
at the boat P, it is required to plot the position of P (refer figure below). How will you obtain the
position of P using a station pointer?
18. The following observations were made on three shore stations A, B and C from a sounding boat
at P. stations B and P are on the same side of AC. if angle APB = 30o 23, angle BPC = 40o 36
and angle ABC = 125o 12. The distance AB = 4220m, BC = 5050m. Determine AP, BP and CP.
(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)
19. Explain the procedure to use fathometer in ocean sounding.
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20. Explain the method of plotting of plain metric maps by radial method.
21. Explain cadastral surveying and its legal values.
22. Explain three point problem and strength fix in hydrographic surveying.
23. A pair of photographs was taken with an aerial camera from an altitude of 500 m above msl.
The mean principle base measured is equal to 90 mm? The difference in parallax between two
points is 1.48 mm. Find the difference in height between two points if the elevation of the lower
point is 500 m above the datum. What will be the difference in elevation if the parallax difference
is 15.5 mm?
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