Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Study Designs
Study Designs
Study Designs
Case Reports
Most common type of study published
Unusual medical occurrences
First clues in a new disease or adverse
effects of exposure
Case Series
Collection of individual case reports
Used as an early means to identify the
time
Can get prevalence of a disease or
condition
Another name is _________ study
With Disease
Without Exposure
Without Disease
Cross-Sectional Studies
Measurement of exposure and effect are
Case-Control Study
Used to investigate potential causes or etiologic
exposures of diseases
Case-Control Study
With Exposure
With Disease
Time
Without Exposure
With Exposure
Time
Without Disease
Without Exposure
Case-control studies
Useful especially with
Rare cases
Diseases with long latency period
Cancers
Cohort Study
Best information regarding causation
Most direct measurement of risk of
developing disease
Cohort Study
With Disease
Time
With Exposure
Without Disease
Time
With Disease
Without Exposure
Without Disease
Cohort Study
New cases can be monitored over time
Can measure incidence rates
Also known as ___________ study
therapeutic regimen
Subjects are randomized
start
With Disease
With Exposure
Without Disease
Sample
popn
Randomization
Time
With Disease
Without Exposure
Without Disease
Field Trials
Subjects are disease-free but at risk
Data collection done in the field
Involves major logistics and financial
considerations
disease
Community Trials
Treatment groups are communities
Individual/group behavior
Appropriate for disease that have social
Ecological Studies
Unit of analysis: populations
Easy to conduct but difficult to
interpret
Rely on data collected for another
purpose
Ecological Study
individual link between exposure and
effect cannot be made
Ecological Fallacy
association at group level # association
at individual level
Summary:
Observational
Experimental
Alternative Name
Study
Unit of
Observational Studies
Descriptive Studies
Case reports
Individuals
Case series
Individuals
Analytical Studies
Ecological
Correlational
Populations
Cross-sectional
Prevalence
Individuals
Case-control
Case-reference
Individuals
Cohort
Follow-up/Incidence
Individuals
Alternative Name
Unit of Study
Experimental Studies
Randomized
Controlled Trials
Clinical Trials
Field Trials
Community Trials
Patients
Healthy
people
Community
Intervention
Studies
Communities
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