First semester 1434/1435

King Saud University

College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department

ChE 317
Tutorial # 1
10/11/1434

Heat Transfer Operations

.
Conduction
1. The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m x 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm and
thermal conductivity 0.69 W/m C are maintained at temperatures of 20C and
5C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall, in W.
2. The heat generated in the circuitry on the surface of a silicon chip (k = 130 W/m
C) is conducted to the ceramic substrate to which it is attached. The chip is 6 mm
x 6 mm in size and 0.5 mm thick and dissipates 3Wof power. Disregarding any
heat transfer through the 0.5-mm-high side surfaces, determine the temperature
difference between the front and back surfaces of the chip in steady operation.
3. An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m C has a flat bottom
with diameter 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling
water in the pan through its bottom at a rate of 800 W. If the inner surface of the
bottom of the pan is at 105C, determine the temperature of the outer surface of
the bottom of the pan

Q (1)

Q (2)

Q (3)

4. A gas at 450 K is flowing inside a 2-in. steel pipe, schedule 40. The pipe is
insulted with 51 mm of lagging having a mean k = 0.0623 W/m. K. The
convective heat-transfer coefficient of the gas inside the pipe is 30.7
W/m2. K and the convective coefficient on the outside of the lagging is
10.8. The air is at a temperature of 300 K.
a. Calculate the heat loss per unit length of 1 m of pipe using
resistances.
b. Repeat using the overall Uo based on the outside area Ao.

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

5. A steel pipeline, 2-in. schedule 40 pipe, contains saturated steam at 121.1

C. The line is insulated with 25.4 mm of asbestos. Assuming that the
inside surface temperature of the metal wall is at 121.1 C and the outer
surface of the insulation is at 26.7 C, calculate the heat loss for 30.5 m of
pipe. Also, calculate the kg of steam condensed per hour in the pipe due to
the heat loss. The average k for steel is 45W/m.K
6. A section of a composite wall with the dimensions shown in fig. (1) [to be
distributed in the class] has uniform temperatures of 200 C and 50 C
over the left and the right surfaces, respectively. If the thermal
conductivities of the wall materials are: kA =70 W/m K, kB = 60W/m K, kC
= 40W/m K, and kD = 20W/m K, determine the rate of heat transfer
through this section of the wall and the temperatures at the interfaces.

Fig. (1)
7. A home owner wants to replace an electric hot-water heater. There are two models
in the store. The inexpensive model cost SR280 and has no insulation between the
inner and the outer wall. Due to natural convection the space between the inner
and the outer wall have an effective conductivity three times that of air. The more
expensive model cost SR310 and has fiberglass insulation in the gap between the
walls. Both models are 3.0 m tall and have a cylindrical shape with an inner wall
diameter of 0.6 m and a 5 cm gap. The surrounding air is at 25 C, and the
convection heat transfer coefficient on the outside is 15 W/m2 K. The hot water
inside the tank results in an inside wall temperature of 60 C. If energy costs 6
Hallalah per kilowatt-hour, estimate how long it will take to pay back the extra
investment in the more expensive hot water heater. State your assumptions.
8. A food cold storage room is to be constructed of an inner layer of 19.1 mm of pine
wood, a middle layer of cork-board, and an outer layer of 50.8 mm of concrete.
The inside wall surface temperature is 17.8 C and the outside surface
temperature is 29.4 C at the outer concrete surface. The mean conductivities are
for pine, 0.151; cork, 0.0433; and concrete, 0.762 W/m. K. The total inside
surface area of the room to use in calculation is approximately 39 m2. What
thickness of cork board is needed to keep the heat loss to 586 W?

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

9. Water at an average of 70 F is flowing in a 2-in. steel pipe, schedule 40. Steam at

220 F is condensing on the outside of the pipe. The convective coefficient for the
water inside the pipe is hw = 500 Btu/h. ft F and the convective steam coefficient
on the outside is hs= 1500 Btu/h. ft F.
a. Draw the thermal resistance diagram.
b. calculate the heat loss per unit length of 1 ft of the pipe using resistances.
c. Repeat using the overall Ui based on the inside area Ai.
d. Repeat using Uo.

10. A hot gas pipe, 0.3 m outside diameter, is covered with a layer of insulation (A),
0.025 m thick, and a layer of insulation (B), 0.04 m thick. The surface temperature
of the pipe it self was found to be 400 C when the outer surface of layer (B) was
40 C. After an additional layer of insulation of thickness of 0.02 m and thermal
conductivity 0.2 W/m K, was added to the outer surface of layer (B) the pipe
temperature was found to be 500 C, the outer surface of layer (B) 180 C, and the
outer surface of the new insulation 30 C. What is the rate of heat loss per meter
length of pipe before and after the addition of the new insulation?

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

Solved Problems
The Cost of Heat Loss through a Roof
The roof of an electrically heated home is 6 m long, 8 m wide, and 0.25 m thick, and is
made of a flat layer of concrete whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.8 W/m C. The
temperatures of the inner and the outer surfaces of the roof one night are measured to be
15C and 4C, respectively, for a period of 10 hours. Determine:
(a) The rate of heat loss through the roof that night.
(b) The cost of that heat loss to the home owner if the cost of electricity is $0.08/kWh.

SOLUTION The inner and outer surfaces of the flat concrete roof of an electrically
heated home are maintained at specified temperatures during a night. The heat loss
through the roof and its cost that night are to be determined.
Assumptions
1 Steady operating conditions exist during the entire night since the surface temperatures
of the roof remain constant at the specified values.
2 Constant properties can be used for the roof.
Properties The thermal conductivity of the roof is given to be k = 0.8 W/m C.
Analysis
(a) Noting that heat transfer through the roof is by conduction and the area of the roof is
A = 6 m x 8 m = 48 m2,
The steady rate of heat transfer through the roof is determined to be
Q = kA (T1 - T2)
L

= (0.8 W/m C) (48 m2) (15 - 4) C = 1690 W = 1.69 kW

0.25 m
(b) The amount of heat lost through the roof during a 10-hour period and its cost are
determined from
q =Q.t= (1.69 kW) (10 h) = 16.9 kWh
Cost = (Amount of energy) (Unit cost of energy)
= (16.9 kWh) ($0.08/kWh) = $1.35
Discussion The cost to the home owner of the heat loss through the roof that night was
$1.35. The total heating bill of the house will be much larger since the heat losses through
the walls are not considered in these calculations.
Dr. Mohamed Gaily
Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

A 3-m internal diameter spherical tank made of 2-cm-thick stainless steel (k = 15

W/m C) is used to store iced water at T1 = 0C. The tank is located in a room whose
temperature is T2 = 22C. The walls of the room are also at 22C. The outer surface of
the tank is black and heat transfer between the outer surface of the tank and the
surroundings is by natural convection and radiation. The convection heat transfer
coefficients at the inner and the outer surfaces of the tank are h1 = 80 W/m2 C and
h2 = 10 W/m2 C, respectively. Determine
a. The rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank
b. The amount of ice at 0C that melts during a 24-h period.

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3

First semester 1434/1435

Dr. Mohamed Gaily

Office: A B 81, Building 3