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Exp - 7
Exp - 7
7
Date and Time Started: ____________
Group No. 8
______________________________________________________________________________
can be determined easily. From this pressure, by the use of steam tables, it is a simple
matter to determine the temperature of the saturated steam.
The temperature of the boiling liquid is not constant throughout the entire body of
the liquid because the effect of the liquid head. Therefore, the temperature of the boiling
liquid in an evaporator body is the temperature of the boiling solution at the pressure of
the vapor space. With the definition, the standard (or net) temperature difference (T)
becomes the difference between the temperature of the condensing steam in the steam
chest and the temperature of the boiling solution at the liquid-vapor interface in the
evaporator body.
II. Objectives
1) To conceive a method of approximating the heating area of the Rising Film
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
evaporator
To evaluate the evaporating capacity of the evaporator
To establish the effect of the steam flow in the evaporators capacity
To assess the importance of the condensers to an evaporator
To show the effectiveness of two types of condenser installed in an evaporation
To be able to design a large-scale evaporator based on the laboratory data
To estimate the operation cost of an evaporating solution
III. Methodology
3.1 Materials:
50L sugar solution (10% concentration)
- Used as the working feed of the experiment
Material
50 L sugar solution, 10 %
concentration
Uses
Used as the working feed of the
experiment
3.2 Equipment/Apparatus:
3.3 Procedure:
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Preparation of Evaporator
1. The valves were checked by closing them.
2. The cooling water was loaded to the condenser by turning on the valve for
the water supply.
4. The drain valve of the evaporator was closed to remove the sugar solution
in the evaporator.
5. The heating tubes were rinsed with additional water to remove traces of
the sugar solution.
IV. Results and Discussion
4.1 Data Gathered:
Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
T
(min)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Vc cum.
(L)
0
5.91
11.37
15.21
20.71
27.04
36.15
46.14
56.14
65.96
70.22
Vc (L)
0
5.91
5.46
3.84
5.50
6.33
9.11
9.99
10.00
9.82
4.26
Rate (L/min)
Tc (C)
Tcw (C)
0
1.18
1.14
1.01
1.04
1.08
1.21
1.32
1.40
1.47
1.40
Rave = 1.23
L/min
77.1
82.3
80.2
80
81.8
89.2
87.1
87.1
79.5
81.7
Tave =
82.6 C
30
44
58
43
49
53
54
52
53
60
Tave = 51.78
1.4
1.2
1.21
1.32
1.4
1.47
1.4
1
Rate (L/min)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Vc cum. (L)
Based from the data above, the operation run 11 times with a total time of 50
minutes. As it can be observed, the temperature of the cooling water increases as
the operation continues. The rate of the condensate do not directly creates a
relationship with its volume as well as with its temperature.
4.2 Heating area of the rising film evaporator.
The heating area of the rising film is approximated as 4.31 ft2.
4.3 Rate of heat transfer from the steam to the solution.
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V. Conclusion
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Based from the experiment conducted, it can be concluded that as the evaporation
continues, the temperature of the cooling water eventually increases. And the rate of
the condensate will only come to constant at a certain time.
Also, the heat transfer area of the evaporator is directly proportional to the rate of
heat transfer from steam to the solution. And that the function of the condenser to the
evaporator is that it condenses or removes the last vapor from the last effect of an
evaporator. Steam also plays a significant role in the operation. If the steam consume
is greater, the capacity of the evaporator is also greater.
VI. References
Green, D.W. and R.H. Perry, Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 8 th Edition,
McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, Sec 11-119
Geankoplis, C.J., Principles of Transport and Processes and Separation Processes,
Low Price Edition, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd., Jurong, Singapore, C-8,
pp 537
http://www.machineryspaces.com/feed-system-condenser.html
VII. Appendices
7.1 Experimental Data
A. Sugar Solution:
Sugar: 5000 g (5 kg)
Sugar Solution: 50 L
B. Steam Quality:
Steam Pressure: 26 psi (t=20.23 min)
Steam Temperature: 120 C
Steam Condensation Rate: 2.56x10-3 lb/min
Steam Condensation Temperature: 190 C
Steam Quality: x = 0.6603049221
C. Feed Solution:
Initial Temperature: 26.8 C
Initial Level: 0.293 m
Feeding Level: 0.218 m
Filling Level: 0.261 m
Final Level: 0.194 m
Height of Feed Level: 0.067 m
D. Dimensions of Feed Tank:
Length: 0.674 m
Width: 0.23 m
Height: 0.313 m
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E. Vapor Condensate:
Evaporation Time: 50 min
Condensation Rate: 1.23 L/min
Condensate Temperature: 82.6 C
Inlet Temperature of Cooling Water: 29.9 C
Outlet Temperature Cooling Water: 51.78 C
F. Condensed Steam from Evaporator:
Condensation Rate: 1.23 L/min
Condensate Temperature: 82.6 C
G. Additional Data:
Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
T
(min)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Vc (L)
0
5.91
5.46
3.84
5.50
6.33
9.11
9.99
10.00
9.82
4.26
Vc cum.
(L)
0
5.91
11.37
15.21
20.71
27.04
36.15
46.14
56.14
65.96
70.22
Rate
(L/min)
0
1.18
1.14
1.01
1.04
1.08
1.21
1.32
1.40
1.47
1.40
Tc
(C)
Tcw (C)
77.1
82.3
80.2
80
81.8
89.2
87.1
87.1
79.5
81.7
30
44
58
43
49
53
54
52
53
60
Condensate Temperature:
Tave = (77.1+82.3+80.2+80+81.8+89.2+87.1+87.1+79.5+81.7)/10 = 82.6
C
Condensate Rate:
Rave = (1.18+1.14+1.01+1.04+1.08+1.21+1.32+1.4+1.47+1.40)/10 = 1.23
L/min
Steam Quality:
Steam Pressure = 26 psi = 0.179263682 MPa
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0.1 MPa
0.3930613378 kJ/kgK
7.502636692 kJ/kgK
1 MPa
0.3928393006 kJ/kgK
1.600555093 kJ/kgK
0.1 MPa
7.01563078 kJ/kgK
1 MPa
1.517826561 kJ/kgK
T/P
393.15 K
0.179263682 MPa
S = 6.531434996 kJ/kgK
SS L
V
S
( 6.5314349962.235386345 )
x=
6.506158757
kJ
K
kg
kJ
K
kg
x = 0.6603049221
DELACRUZ, Lyngil P.
HAYAHAY, Louise C.
FABROS, Jay-R T.
ENCINA, Cathrene Celeste C.
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