Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Exam Exce Ence: Oxford
Exam Exce Ence: Oxford
Exam
Exce ence
Felkeszules a kozep-
vk.
com/
engl
i
s
hl
i
br
ar
y
OXFORD
Exam
Exce ence
Contributors and consultants
Danuta Gryca, Poland
Joanna Sosnowska, Poland
Russell Whit eh ead , UK
Zsuzsan na Nyir6, Hungary
Danica Gondova , Slovak ia
Eva Paulerova , Czech Republic
Victor N. Sim kin, Russia
Cvjetanka Bozan ic, Croatia
OXFORD
UN IVE RS IT Y PR E SS
Introduction 6
Unit 1
Skill
Task I Time
Fa mi ly life
Reading 8
Listening 9
Use of English 9
Writing 10-11
Speaking 11-12
Listening 13
Use of English 13
Writing 16
Speaking 1617
Speaking 21-22
Reading 24
Listening 25
Use of English 25
o Open d oz e
Writing 26
Speaking 26-27
Unit 3
Skill
Task /Time
Shops and
services
Reading 28
Listening 29
Writing 31
Speaking 3132
Reading 34
Listening 35
Use of English 35
Writing 36
Speaking 36-37
STUDY DIAR Y
/6
17
25 min
Reading 18
Use of English 30
/5
30 min
Skill
Writing 21
min
Unit 2
Use of English 20
/ 10
- /4
People and
society
Listening 19
Your notes
- /6
Reading 14
Score
Score
.... 35 min
/8
/8
Your notes
- /8
- /5
2S min
" 25 min
/8
/8
80 min
Score
.... 35 min
Your notes
/5
/5
/8
.... 30 min
/8
17
/8
min
Use t he Stu dy Dia ry to plan and keep t rack o f your exam prepa ration . Tick ./ each se ct io n
you have com pleted. Recor d your sco re . Make not e s that help you improve yo u r results.
Unit 4
Home
Skill
Task ITime
Score
Reading 38
- /5
Listening 39
Use of English 39
Writing 40-41
Speaking 4142
Reading 44
Listening 45
Use of English 46
Writing 46
Speaking 47
17
/8
- /9
-
17
/ 10
80 min
Unit 5
Skill
Task I Time
Nature
Reading 48
Listening 49
.... 40 min
- /6
Use of English 50
.... )0 min
Writing SO-51
o W ri ti ng a leaflet
Speaking 5152
Reading 54
Listening 55
Use of English 55
Writing 56
Speaking 5657
Score
.... 35 min
Skill
Task ITime
School
Reading 58
Listening 59
Use of English 59
Writing 60-61
Speaking 62
Use of English 65
Writing 66
Speaking 66-67
'" 35 min
- /8
/ 10
~ 30 min
/8
/6
Your notes
- /8
.... 35 min
- /5
Score
/8
40 min
Debat e
Unit 6
Reading 64
Your notes
/6
.... 30 min
Your notes
/4
/5
/9
35 min
.... 20 min
Use the Study Diary to p lan and keep t rack of yo u r exam p rep ar at ion . Tick ./ each section
you have completed . Record you r score . M ake notes t hat he lp you improve your r esu lt s.
5TUDY DIA RY
Unit 7
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Work
Reading 68
- 17
Listening 69
Use of English 70
Writing 70
Speaking 71-72
Reading 74
listening 75
Use of English 76
Writing 77
Speaking 77
/5
/8
/5
/8
- /8
min
Unit 8
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Health
Reading 78
- /8
Listening 79
Use of English 80
Writing 80
Speaking 81-82
Listening 83
Use of English 83
Reading 84
Writing 86
Your notes
17
/8
/8
Your notes
- /8
- 17
, .. 60 min
Speaking 86-87
o Debat e
Unit 9
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Sport
Reading 88
- /6
Reading 93
Listening 94
o Completing not es
- /6
Use of English 94
Listening 89
Use of English 90
Writing 90-9 1
Speaking 91-92
Writing 95
Speaking 96-97
20 min
25 min
STUDY DIA RY
Your notes
- /5
- /8
45 min
/6
- /8
min
Use th e St ud y Diary to pl an and keep t rack of you r exam prepa ration . TIck ./ each section
yo u have com plete d. Record your score . Make notes t hat help yo u im prove your results.
Unit 10
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Free t im e
and culture
Reading 98
- 17
Listening 99
Use of English 100
Writing 100-101
Speaking 102
Reading 104
Listening 105
Use of English 105
Writing 106-107
Speaking 107
min
Task I Time
Travel
Reading 108
Writing 111
Speaking 111-112
Reading 114
listening 115
Use of English 116
Writing 116
Speaking 117
/8
/6
/5
/ 10
min
Skill
/6
Unit 11
Listening 109
Score
-
- /6
- / 11
- /4
-
/5
- /8
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Science and
technology
Reading 118
- /6
Listening 123
Use of English 123
Reading 124
Writing 126
Speaking 126-127
Vou r notes
/8
Unit 12
Listening 119
Vour notes
Vour notes
- /8
- /8
- / 10
-
/6
/5
Use the Stud y Diary to pl an and keep track of your exam prepa rat ion . Tick -/ each section
you have completed . Record your score. M ake not es that hel p you improve your results.
STU DY DIARY
What is in a Unit?
Every uni t explores one broad topi c, for example,
'Fam ily life'. Each section looks at this topic from a
sligh tly different point of view.
All sectio ns con ta in practi ce exe rcises wh ich
always lead to an exa m tas k. Also included are
useful tips o n how to st udy for the exam , on how
to do cer tain exa m tas k types, and on im po rta nt
language po ints.
Th e var ious skills section s are usually featured in
the follow ing ord er:
Read ing
Listen ing
Use of English
Writi ng
Spea king
At the en d of eac h u ni t, yo u will find ext ra practi ce
exercises an d exam tasks to prepare yo u for exa ms
at a hi gh er level. Th ese exe rcises and tasks are more
d ifficu lt th an the o nes at the beginning of the unit .
Thi s High er level pa rt also features all five skills.
INTRODUCTION
Reading
.... 25 minutes
FAMILY
W HEN British and Amer ican people use the word family
_ _ _ _ t he mot her, father and thei r child ren . In a gene ral
mean this
social context, 'the fa mily' is usually 2
nuclear fam ily.
a nuclear family
Society in Brita in and the US s
li ving in the same ho use and 4
each other's li ves.
Fifty years ago, t he typical f am ily was a husband and a wife,
and t w o or three chi ldren. The f ath er spent all day at work
and 5
decisions abo ut how the money he earned
was spent. The mother stayed at ho me to manage t he house
their
and look after the children . Children we re '
parents.
Many modern fa milies live rather differently, and because
of t his some people think that th e fami ly unit is dying and
society '
. Many coupies still get married, but others
. A few yea rs ago, couples
live together w ithout '
a fa m iiy,
living together usually got marr ied whe n '
but t his happens less now. Another trend is '"
_
married lat er in life and to have fewer child ren, so t he size of
the average fam ily is shri nki ng.
A
B
C
D
E
F
taken to
close ly in volved in
gett ing married
they ofte n m ean o n ly
is being wea kened
fo r people to get
G m ad e m ost of th e
H w h ich norma lly co ns ists of
I they wan ted to start
J ex pec ted to o bey
K is tradit io nall y ba sed o n
Answers on page 158
~ 15 minutes
READING EXAM
Listening
~ 20 minutes
FA M ILY LIFE
Use of English
HOW TO STUDY
If you have access to Eng lishs peaking radio or televisio n
broadcasts, try to listen to a nd watc h progra mmes on
topics t hat yo u are interested in. It is best to do this on
regular basis, if possible for at least 15 minutes a day.
. . 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
...... 45 minutes
I en joy _
m orni ng.
2 It's Monday iunch time and I _ _ the hou se
alrea dy.
3 I think most of the houses in my st reet _ _
at least once a week .
4 My mother says my fat h er t hinks the house
_ _ by magic!
5 My friends arrived wh ile I _ _ my room.
6 In the future, h ouses _ _ by robots.
8 Put the co rrect noun form of the underlined
verb in t h e gap to co mplete t he d efin iti o n s.
]
_ _ ma y become famou s.
2 Something that arrives, such as a plane
3
4
5
fligh t, is an _ _ .
You can say you improve some th ing, or that
you make an _ _ to it .
Som eth ing you publish , suc h as a book or a
magazin e, is a _ _ .
If you explain some thing clea rly, then you
are giving a clear _ _ .
Someone who tra ins people to do so me t h ing
is a _ _ .
The fi rst time you listen, mark all t hose sentences w hic h
HOW TO STUDY
of speech.
FAMilY LIFE
~ 15 m inutes
Housew.or~
~ 25 m inutes
WRITING EXAM
history
..---------....
RLD
DAILY LIVES
SURVEY
EXAM TIP
~ 90 minutes
Writing
Writing an email
~ 35 minutes
55 minutes
4 when/eat? D
5 when/st udy? D
6 what/e lse? D
2
3
4
I'm Davi d. I s lee p like a log from 10 p.m .
un til t he a larm goes off at 7 a.m . I have
breakfast at 7.30 a.rn ., lun ch at midday
and t he n di nn er at 6 p.m. I really do n't
like do ing hom ework . I t ry to play
football as often a s possibl e, a nd usu ally
m an ag e to every day.
5
6
7
l
10
FAMi lY LIFE
WRITING EXAM
~ 45 minutes
tj0l.<
Speaking
~ 4S
Situational role-play
minutes
~ 25 minutes
Mark
school.
Agneta Fan tastic! And the n I 111/1St return the
favou r. How ca n I help you?
Mark
EXAM TIP
Always plan your writing carefully. Look carefully at the
topic or question and let ideas come into your head.
do .fhe. washiOlq
s~e.e.p
the. patio
m istakes.
HOW TO STUDY
One way to practise speaking accu rately is to write a
dialogu e, chec k it for mistakes, and then practise
fAMILY LIf E
11
SPEAKING EXAM
5 minutes
Picture-based discussion
~ 20 minutes
as
in to
on
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
12
fA MilY lif E
Listening
40 minutes
~ 15
LISTENING EXAM
m inutes
3 '" 03 You will hear two friends, John and Angela, talking
about their families . Read through statements 1-6. As
you listen, decide if each statement is true (T) or false (F),
according to the information you hear.
1 John grew up in the sam e to wn as hi s par ents. _
2 Angela says john's family is a h appy one. _
3 Angela is looking forward to a big family party ne xt
month . _
4 John hopes to work in hi s uncle's business in the future.
S Angela's o lde r sister ha s give n her useful adv ice. _
6 j ohn's brother recently left university. _
Answ ers on page 159
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, the task items are in the same o rder as yo u hear
them in the recordin g. Whe n yo u listen for th e fi rst time, check which
sta te men ts you're D.Q.t g iven a ny infor mation about (all false), t hen decide
if the remainin g stateme nts are true or false when you listen fo r t he
seco nd time .
Use of English
3S minutes
One word is used twice, and one word isn't used in any
gap.
to than
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
both and
FAMILY LIFE
13
6 Read these sentences. Ch oose from the verbs listed after the
sentences to co m p lete the gaps. Notice that the word out
comes afte r ea ch gap and is co n n ec te d to the meaning of the
ve rb. Th in k a bou t the form of the verb.
1 Th e gro u p are _ _ out a n ew CO next mo nth .
2 You mu st _ _ out of the h ot el by 11 a.m.
3 She injured her knee an d _ _ out of th e race.
4 The detective investigat ed until h e _ _ out who the murderer
was.
5 You'l l succeed if you _ _ out your plan.
6 They _ _ out for the mountains ea rly in the morning.
carry
br in ging
check
found
set
pu lIed
~ 15
minutes
and
fulI
finding
set
because
course
sen d
too
complete
meeting
done
sin ce
B movem ent
B carry
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
also
whole
learning
put
why
step
give
30 minutes
1
2
3
4
5
Reading
EXAM TIP
When you have completed a
multiple-choice task, check that
you did not leave a question
unanswered. If you really don't
know the co rrect answ er, it's
D both
thorough
D knowing
D made
o so
o process
o bring
EXAM TIP
Before you look at the cho ices A-D for each gap, try to think of a word that
could fit in th e gap. Even if you can't think of a particular word, decide what
part of speech - verb, noun, etc. - it needs to be.
14
FAMILY LIFE
READING EXAM
.......""'-
2S minutes
9 Read t he newspaper article below on how fathers take part in looking after their children.
Ch o ose the b est answer: a, b, c, o r d, to questions 1-4.
asks him to. The EOC intervi ewed sixty-four fathers and
their partners about their hom e and wor k life. Most fathers
agreed that it was important to 'be there' for their children
child ren as the mother. The survey found that the majority
of men we re some w he re between these tw o types.
In the first category comes Enforcer Dad, the oldfashioned disciplinarian w ho does not see himself as
invo lved in the day-ta-day care of his children. He sees his
respo nsibili ties as settin g clear lim its for them and being a
role mod el. Most fathers do no t see this as their only role.
The two big gest categor ies are Entertainer Dad and
bringing up child ren and wor king outside the home: she
said. 'But unt il we have equal pay, decent childcare and
more opportunit ies to work flexible hours, many fathe rs
Answers
FAMILY LIFE
15
Writing
80 m inutes
Speaking
55 minutes
Picture-based discussion
Frien ds
h omework
music
holidays
30 minutes
sport
food
If yo u' re working with a partner, discuss
yo ur a ns wers. Ta lk a b ou t yo ur rea sons.
11 Read these sentences taken fro m essays abou t
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM
~ 60 minutes
complex ideas.
EXAM TIP
W hen wr iting essays, always spend tim e thinking ab out
your ideas and opinions before you
paragraph.
16
FAMILY LIFE
Debate
25 minutes
'
..
1 leave out
2 loo k at
3 pr im aril y
4 in co ntrast
5 co nnected
6 unrelated
7 first of all
8 moreover
separate
firstl y
cons ide r
in additio n
m ostl y
co nversely
depen dent
h disregard
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
FA M ILY LIFE
17
Reading
~-
~ 35 minutes
18
READING EXAM
4 Read the arti cl e below. Th en rea d st atements
1- 8 and find t he paragra p h (A- E) in t he te xt
resemble pyjamas.
B In a recent poll. 82% of Americans thought that it is
OK for businesses to ha ve a d ress-down da y, while
12% thought it is not. Those who opposed the dressdown policy pointed out that casual dress style might
enc ou rage casual or slop py work. Others commented
that the relaxed atmosp he re and comfort of casua l
clothes lead s to increased productivity.
blazer.
o There
~ 1S minutes
_ Cleanliness is always
important in the
workplace. T / F
2 _ Emp loyers should
precisely specify what
th eir em ployees might
wear on casual days .
.T / F
3 _ Latel y, some
employees h ave started
wearing unusually
informal clothes for the
office. T / F
4 _ Some clients ma y not
accept casual dres s code
in business situations.
EXAM TIP
First look at the title of the article and read the text quickly to get a general
idea of what it's about. Then read the true/ false statements and make sure
you understand them. Find the parts of the text w hich contain inform ation
about the stateme nts. If the informat ion in the text matches the informa tion
in the statement, mark T (true). If the information doesn't confirm the
Listening
~ 15 minutes
Person 1
Person 2
Male/Female?
Age
Height and weight
T/ F
5 _ In th e USA, the
majority of bu sinesses
have introduced casual
dress days . T / F
6 _ Experts agree on
what should be worn for
th e office . T / F
7 _ Some people believe
tha t the way employees
dress in fluen ces the
qua lity of their work.
T /F
8 _ Jea ns are conside red
inappropriate for office
casua l days. T / F
Hair
Ot her facia l features
Clothes
Other distinguish ing features
LISTENING EXAM
~ 10
minutes
The police are looking for two suspects in con nec tion with the
recent bank robbery in Reading. Th e first suspec t is a wh ite man
in hi s fortie s. He is fairl y ove rweigh t, quite short and h e's got
cur ly, brown hair. He's got a broken no se and ha s a moustach e.
When last seen, he was wearing torn blu e jeans and a baggy Tshirt. He's also got a tattoo of a h eart with the word 'Angela'
written in it .
The poli ce are also looking for a you ng woman in h er ea rly
twenties. She's tall and attractive - she's got long, wavy, blonde
hair. Her n ose is rather long . Wh en last seen , she was wearing a
short black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket an d black boots.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Answers on page 161
19
EXAM TIP
Use of English
30 minutes
4
5
~ 15
minutes
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in any gaps, read the text payin g special
att ention to the words before and after each gap. These
help you decide what part of speech the missing word
should be.
3 able
4 confide
5 fami liar
6 identity
7 explorer
8 refer
20
Writing
~ 90 minutes
co rrect order.
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
WRITING EXAM:
~ 60 minutes
being a teenager
friendships
wh at you think about marriage.
Write about 200 words.
Answers on page 162
EXAM TIP
You should plan your letter by follo w ing th e inst ructi ons
closely. Your plan should includ e a paragraph for each
cont ent point required . A lett er also needs to have an
opening and a closing. Look at the example of an
Speaking
Situational role-play
55 minutes
~ 25 minutes
1
2
3
4
Wh at do you
Do yo u h ave
Wh at sh ould we
I wo n de r wh at
A
B
C
D
a ny suggestions?
th in k ab out it?
to do about it .
do abo ut if!
make questions.
work do explain say thin k
1
2
3
4
5
co n cl usio n A-D.
I
2
3
4
I h ope that yo u
It was great
Write and tell
I really h op e to
A
B
C
D
21
SPEAKING EXAM
... 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Remember that the examiner
wants to know how you interact
in the role-play situation - in other
words, how you communicate
and respond to ideas, op inions
Picture-based discussion
30 minutes
I What's your _ _ ?
2 Where are yo u _ _?
3 What do yo u do for a
- _?
4 Are you _ _ ?
5 Wh at do you do in your
spare _ _ ?
6 Where do yo u bu y your
- _?
7 Do you su ffer m uch from
- _ ?
8 Do you see you r fam ily as
much as yOll wo uld _ _ ?
22
o
o
EXAM TIP
When you are discussing a picture
and explaining yo ur ideas and
opinions, th ere aren't any 'right'
or 'wrong' answers. The importan t
th ing is to keep talking, so that
th e examiner can see how mu ch
English yo u know.
23
Reading
30 minutes
2
3
4
READING EXAM
20 minutes
5
6
7
EXAM TIP
Before yo u fill in t he gaps, read
through the text to ge t a ge neral
sense of what each paragraph is
about. This will help you decide
which extracts belong to which
part of th e text.
24
Listening
25 minutes
general
political
th ird
in tern ation al
governme n t
hu man
eq ua l
econom ic
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
views
development
official
relati ons
opportun ities
election
wo rld
righ ts
LISTENING EXAM
10 minutes
Use of English
25 minutes
15 minutes
Going green
So me say that if you wo uld like to bu y a
pa ssport on the black market, an Irish
___ would be the mo st expe ns ive.
___ Irish a re warrn-heart ed, ope n and
friendly peopl e and are welcome everyw he re.
No surprise, th en , th at St Pat rick's Day is
celebrated on 17 March every yea r in more
_
coun tries around the world th an "
othe r Nationa l Holiday. On th is day '
_
wan ts to be Irish .
The first St Patrick's Day Parad e was organ ised
in Boston in 1737. Nowa days, pa rades
_ __ held in mo st places whe re th e Irish
ha ve been forced, or ha ve ch osen , to
is Dublin,
em igrate. Wh ether 6
Sydney, peo ple
Lond on, New York 7
it
flock to participa te and to watch . '
is a com me mo ration of a Ch ristian saint, it is
a day of celebration for a ll Irish peop le of all
religion s and creeds.
Answers on page 164
EXAM TIP
EXAM TIP
25
Writing
8 0 minutes
2
3
4
be
spend
m ake
get
stonehy
yotally
taipen ce
ski n nes d
EXAM TIP
2 cen tilelige n
3
4
5
6
minutes
~ 60
WRITING EXAM
h
1
p
k
_
_
_
_
sentences.
A David's a very _ _ person - yo u ca n believe
eve ry word he says.
11 Geo rge is extrem ely _ _ - I think he cares
mor e ab out hi s friends than ab out himself.
C Clara is so _ _ - she keep s winning all the
school co mpet itions .
D Mar k's ver y _ _ - which is good , becau se
I'm always fo rgetti ng things, or arriving lat e.
E Anna's a ve ry _ _ friend - she's always on
my side.
F Ivan's so fu n ny - he makes us all laugh all
th e time wit h hi s _ _ sto ries.
11 Think about friendship. What do you think
Speaking
60 minutes
Picture-based discussion
40 minutes
26
other girls.
If you're working with a partner, read your
description out to your partner. Your partner
should guess which girl you are describing.
Then listen to your partner's description and
guess which girl it is about.
It ' _ _
seems
expect
te ll seem possible
way
Debate ..
20 minutes
HOW TO STUDY
Practise describing peo ple and thing s as much as yo u
can, as often as you can. You can do it in your head
when yo u are walking or on th e bus, for example.
SPEAKING EXAM
Disagree
.. 10 minutes
i""
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
In thi s task, the fo cus is on how we ll you comm unicate
27
Reading
... 3S minutes
READING EXAM
4 Read the article about 'greasy spoons'. Then
complete statements 1-5 with the best
ending: a, b, C, or d.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
28
'GreasY spoons'
... 15 minutes
EXAM TIP
Listening
. . 25 minutes
29
LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
25 minutes
. . 10 minutes
~ 1S minutes
8 Read the text. Fo r each o f the gaps 1-8, ch oose the best
option : a, b, c, o r d , below that fits the text logically as well
as gram mat ically.
L'Australie
- c'est chic!
One of the most surprising busin ess success ' _ _ in Paris these
da ys is the Australian Bookshop . Since the sho p open ed two
yea rs ago, Frenc h interest in Australian literat ure z_ _ Located
in the heart of the city 's literary district, t h e sh o p is J _ _ by
Elaine Lewis, from Syd ne y. Lewis said sh e co uld n't find books by
Australian writers o n Paris shelv es, so she _ _ to reme d y the
situa tio n . Angu s Macken zie of the Australi an embassy s_ _
sur prising that the Fren ch want to read Australian books - 'n o t
because the books are not ' _ _ , but because of the language
ba rrier,' h e said. French pub lisher Marc de Go uvena in thi nk s the
trend is easy to explain, r _ _ 'In Europe, we ' _ _ see the
landscape with yo ung eyes. Australian au t h ors hav e a fresh way
of see ing things.'
hi stori es
reports
stories
ta les
S a
b
c
d
find s
find s it
thinks that
thinks this
2 a
b
c
d
grew
grows
has grow n
is gro wing
6 a
b
c
d
est imab le
worth
worthy
3 a
b
c
d
carried
carried o ut
conducted
run
7 a
b
c
d
an yh ow
ho wever
4 a det er mined
8 a
b
c
d
any longer
n o longer
no soo ner
no m or e
a
b
c
d
b concluded
c resolved
d solved
deserving
moreover
furth ermore
Answers on page 16 5
EXAM TIP
Sentences in the exam task and in
the recording may use very similar
structures, but their meaning
might be com pletely different.
Focus on the meaning of the text,
not the meaning of individual
words.
Remember that your task in
exercise 7 is to decide which
30
est imated
operated
wo u id grow
rates
HOW TO STUDY
Synonyms (wo rds th at have a similar meaning) and collocat ions (wo rds that
often go together) are frequently used in multiple-choice tasks. Try to learn
any new vocabulary with its most common synonyms and collocations, and
keep a record of th ese in yo ur vocabulary notebook.
Writing
... 75 minutes
. . so minutes
WRITING EXAM
EXAM TIP
To write a for/against essay, you need to have a number
of relevant points th at you wish to make. You need to
organise these points carefully, so that yo u present yo ur
argument in a logical order. It is impo rtant that th e
reader can follow yo ur argument. Look at the Writing
Bank on page 139 for an exam ple and further advice.
Speaking
..
Situational role-play ..
so minutes
30 minutes
31
HOW TO STUDY
SPEAKING EXAM
SPEAKING EXAM
Picture-based discussion
30 minutes
a
b
c
d
e
5 minutes
EXAM TIP
Preparing for a speaking exam is different from
preparing for a writing exam . Pla nning is very im port ant
before w riting, but, in th e speaking exam, it's very
important to keep talking . Try and practise speaking
continuously for 3-5 minutes on the to pics that will be
If we co nsi der
The issue o f
32
33
Reading
25 minutes
EXAM TIP
Reme mber to mark a sente nce as
true only if it fully, and not only
the text.
READING EXAM
15 minutes
2 Read the article a bout shopping trends in Ja p an, and d ecide which of se ntences
1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), a c cord in g to the text.
J
_-----~----~--J
--
34
Listening
3
40 minutes
lIr 07
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
HOW TO STUDY
If you're working with a partner, ask each other about the info rmation
below. Make sure you ask questions correctly. W rite down what you hear
your partner say, and then compare notes. Ask each other to spell any
unfamiliar words .
date of birth
mother's birthday
phone number(s) and/o r email address
father's full name
the longest English word you know
the names of five English cities you know
the names of five international sportsmen and sportswomen you
know
~ 1S
LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
a
b
c
d
e
f
EXAM TIP
m inutes
25 minutes
Order Form
Name : J55icA
Address: 18
~ir.et ,
Post code :
===-_
Item ordered:
Colour:
E>ytord
Price:
Free gift selected:
An sw e r5 on pag e 161
35
~ 15 minutes
ss minutes
LANGUAGE TIP
Your form al lett ers w ill be more
effective if they con tain some m ore
com plex sentences. Practi se fo rm ing
EXAM TIP
M ake sure you use only one wo rd fo r each space and never leave a space
em pty. You do n't lose points for giving a wro ng answer. Rem em ber, you
usua lly need g ram ma r wo rds in th e gaps.
Writing
7 5 minutes
linking words.
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
WRITING EXAM
C dirty room
D guided tour cancelled
36
despite becaus e
HOW TO STUDY
Practise d iff erent ways of respond ing to your part ner's
SPEAKING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
.. 5 minutes
EXAM TIP
When yo u' re looking at two pho tos, think of as many
differences as you can, to give you ideas about w hat to
say.
Debate
20 minutes
37
Reading
~ 35 m inutes
READING EXAM
4 Read the fo llowing extract fro m a book about En glish
(2)
A A maze of streets
B A hidden artist in every
Englishman
C No such number
0 The nation of nest builders
3 Read the following extracts
of the gaps.
38
HOME
~ 1S minutes
Listening
... 15 minutes
B Or at least that's h ow we
like to think of it.
LISTENING EXAM
Th is is an unwritten rule
of home ow ne rsh ip a nd
the moving-in ritua l.
~ 10
minutes
B
C
2
20
1988
4
2003
68
38
o
E
F
G
H
EXAM TIP
In this type of task, the best thing to d o as you' re waiting for the recording to
start is to qu ickly read through the items and to eliminate all the op tions that
are d efinitely w rong for each item A-H . This way yo u'll have few er answ ers to
choose from .
Use of English
... 20 minutes
nu mb er of item s
..(:'ire..place.
z
Answers on page 168
HOME
39
10 minutes
5_
and a
carried
led
gu ide d
took
5 a
b
c
d
o t he r
another
seco n d
the secon d
2 a
b
c
d
arr ive d
en tered
reached
passed
6 a
b
c
d
m ad e u p
lined up
put up
took up
3 a
b
c
d
wa s
h ad
was
will
7 a
b
c
d
silen t
silence
quietl y
silen t ly
8 a
b
c
d
in
on
through
up
m et
met
meeting
m eet
4 a floor
b ceiling
c window
d wa lls
EXAM TIPS
Whe n you read t he text for the first time, igno re th e
Writing
Writing an email
.... 110
minutes
~ 40 minutes
WRITING EXAM
20 minutes
where is it?
Email us a nd tel l us w hy t he place
w he re yo u live, or a not he r pla ce
yo u know w e ll, is th e best pla ce in
the wo rld .
We w a nt to know:
w ha t it 's ca lled
w he re it is
ho w yo u know abo ut it
w hy yo u recomme nd it.
EXAM TIP
40
HOM E
Speaking
~ 70 minutes
13 Look at the instructions for exercise 16. Make notes under the
following headings a b ou t your town. Write at least three ideas
in each group.
Places to visit
Activities to do
... 65 minute s
Situational role-play
... 2 5 minutes
WRITING EXAM
minutes
t~
EXAM TIP
When preparing and planning to write letters, pay attention to all the
required relevant inform ation. Make sure you use an appropriate style for the
41
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
shops
sports facilities
restaurants
hotel
cinema
schools
park
EXAM TIP
SPEAKING EXAM
Do you?
That's interesting.
I see what you mean.
You can find similar useful phrases in the Speaking Bank
on page 128.
Picture-based discussion
~ 40 minutes
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Sometimes, especially if you are feeling nervous, you
sentences.
I People who live in the city ha ve more
2 If you live in the coun try, you' re more
3 There's more
4 You feel more
42
HOME
in cities.
in the countryside.
HOME
43
Reading
... 30 minutes
---
1 Read the title of the text in exercise 2 . Then choose the right answer to
the question.
What is the article about?
a Young people studying art and the architecture of old buildings.
b Students living in places that used to serve other purposes.
c Stylists who give advice to students on how to convert old places.
READING EXAM
2 Read the b r ochure on four d ifferent student resi dences i n t h e USA.
Decide which of the places A-D is desc ribed i n each sen tence 1-9.
44
HOME
Listening
EXAM TIP
20 minutes
... 20 minutes
2 The outback is
a a part of the country far away from cities .
b a n ew syste m for teaching ch ildren .
c a m ed ical emergency centre.
4 Read se n t en ces 1-7 in exercise 5 again, and
decide w h ich of the following topics are
likely (.f) to be discussed in the record in g,
and which a ren't likel y (X).
En te rt ain me n t 0
Sh op ping 0
Med ica l care 0
LISTENING EXAM
A
B
C
D
St udio Apartments
Henry Electric Apart me n ts
Rin con Apartments
Castle Apartments
Educa tion 0
Distances between people 0
Industry 0
~
10 minutes
EXAM TIPS
Before you listen to th e recordin g, read the instruction
HOME
45
Use of English
40 minutes
46
HOM E
minutes
-:!---.1!/L
2 A My au n t gro ws up her
own vegetables.
B My un cle grew up in a
small villag e in the
mountains.
3 A I en joy watc hing it
football, but I am no
good at pla ying it .
B I like listening to
m usic, but I can't play
any .
~ 20
EXAM TIP
To understand if a wo rd is a w rong extra wo rd or not, you often need to read
Writing
80 minutes
10 Think about your ideal house - the house you'd most like to
live in.
o
o
o
WRITING EXAM
~ 60 minutes
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
6 7%
33%
When you see the points that your w riting text needs to
42%
58%
6 1%
39%
An sw ers o n pag e 17 1
EXAM TIP
Speaking
Statistics-based discussion
40 minutes
30 minutes
1995:
30
4 .9
Now:
Hours women spend on hous ework:
17.5
10
Debate
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10 minutes
arguments.
Women should be in charge o f hou sework
and raising ch ild ren, as men are responsible
for ea rn ing a good salary to sup po rt the ir
families.
Answel'5 on page 111
10 minutes
EXAM TI P
HOME
47
Reading
35 minutes
READING EXAM
them.
Before you mark your choice, read
48
NATURE
KILLER WHALES
These mammals are absolutely beautiful. T hey have a vcry
distin ctive black-and -white co louratio n . O ver 6 00 killer whales live
alo ng British Co lumbia's coastline. They make lip so me of the
most co mplex co mm unities we have seen in mammals. They
always travel in gro ups called pods. T here arc between five and
t hirty an im als in each pod. The whales live and t ravel with their
mothers even after the y arc fully-grown, formin g stro ng ly
matriarch al wha le societies. O ver its lifetime, th e gro up will never
separate and a female will always act as the leader of the gro up.
Killer whale s arc very successful hunters d ue to their cooperat ive
h unt ing, where all animals within the pod participate .
Female killer whales usually give birth every three to ten years.
Killer whales have no natural pred at o rs (they arc the top predators
of the ocean s) and can live for abou t fifty to eighty years. They are
no t co nsidered endangered .
.... 20 minutes
Listening
~ 40 minutes
-----
CANADA GEESE
room .
""\.
LISTENING EXAM
----;
15 minutes
A killer whale
B black bear
C Canada goose
Whi ch of the an ima ls:
1 has the longest average lifespan? D
2 can be ob served in two different colour
varieties? D
3 produces their young the most oft en? D
4 does not h ave st rong social instincts? D
5 is not protected by law? D
6 can be seen in populated areas? D
"
EXAM TIP
Remember that what you hear a nd what yo u read often
use different wo rds and phras es wit h th e same
meanings. Practise understanding and using different
ways of expressing the same meanings.
NATU RE
49
Use of English
.... 30 minutes
ORANG-UTAN FACTFllE
Class of animal
lives in
Typical colour
1 a everywhere
b widespread
c worldwide
2 a it
b that
c wh ich
3 a exclusively
bone
c the only
4 a because
b the reason for
c why
5 a
b
c
6 a
b
c
7 a
b
c
8 a
b
c
in credibly
invariably
impossibly
in
between
at
like
as
suc h as
up to
totally
heavi er than
Answers on page 172
Meaning of name
Behavioural
characteristics
Favourite food
EXAM TIP
If you have doubts about which answer is right, try
checking which answers are definit ely wro ng. Also think
about how the answers are different from one another.
adult
Writing
Writing a leaflet
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 15 minutes
NATURE
100 minutes
~ 30 minutes
each ga p.
Here's 1 _ _ I do ab out recycling. I put all my
newspapers, magazin es, old envelopes _ a_ _
fact, all my pap er - to one side, and recycle it,
along 3 _ _ all the bottles th at become em pty
_ _ the week. I take m y pri nter cartr idges to
a sho p round ' _ _ corner, wh ere th ey co llect
them. It's ' _ _ mu ch, I kn ow, but I think
every littl e thing cou nts.
12 What word is missing from each gap in these
sentences?
WRITING EXAM
30 minutes
WRITING EXAM
50 minutes
LANGUAGE TIP
When you wa nt to recom men d o r encourage people to
do somet hing, yo u should explain t he advantages of
do ing it. One way to present this inf orm ation is by
~ 70 minutes
LANGUAGE TIP
Passive verbs a re ofte n used whe n form a l letters are
w ritte n, so make sure yo u feel confident abo ut how
th ey are form ed and used.
Speaking
Situational role-play
~ 90 minutes
40 minutes
?
?
?
NATURE
51
~ 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
SPEAKING EXAM
EXAM TIP
Ifyo u find yourself unfortunately unable to thi nk of
w hat to say in the speaking exam - pe rhaps be cause
you are nervou s - t hen you can exp ress opinions w hich
Picture-based discussion
~ 50 minutes
each gap.
Somethi ng I find really interestin g is ,
_
way that bi rds seem to be moving away from
the countryside and in to the city. I've lived in
the city 2
about ten yea rs, and th e
nu mber of bi rds in my sma ll garde n and alo ng
my st reet '
increased conside rably in
this time. Appare n tly, it h appens '
a
n u m ber o f reasons. Farmers use a lot of
che m icals a nd th ese can kill birds, as well as the
bird s eat.
insects and small an imals 5
Also, the rubbish in cities, espec ially take-away
food, is, '
effect, a 24-ho u r free
restaurant for birds.
52
NATURE
NATURE
53
----
HIGHER LEVEL
Reading
40 minutes
~ 25
READING EXAM
minutes
RARE BU NDLE
(AI Survival of newborns becomes even more critical when the
race is on in the battle against extinction . With a 60%
pop ulation decli ne in the last 10 years, Sumatran rhinoceroses
number fewer than 300 today. '
The main reason is
that its ho rns are prized for med icine . Despite co nservation
measures like natur e reserves, the rhin o's count co nt inues to
decrease.
On Sept ember 13, 200 1, hope arrived in a 33-kilogram
bundle : Anda las was delivered at Ohio's Cincinnati Zoo - the
first birth in ca ptivity in 112 years! '
The birth of th is
rare animal offers scientists unprecedented dat a on the growth
and reproduction of the spec ies.
(C)
Em i, Anda las's mother, had miscarr ied within the fi rst three
(B)
they're counted by hoof prints. ' It's exc iting,' says Roth. 'O ne
birth can change so much about what we know.'
54
NATURE
Listening
. . 3S minutes
in command
reef
spill
sea- otters
plankton
blame
LISTENING EXAM
~ 25 minutes
EXAM TIP
Remember that information in the task items
and in the recording may be expressed using
Use of English
. . 30 minutes
BLAME
to blame
blamed
had blamed
blaming
be blamed
~ 20 minutes
An sw er s on p ag e 173
NATURE
55
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM
heart .
Writing
80 minutes
..
60 minutes
EXAM TIP
Remember that discursive essays don't have 'right' or
'wrong' poin ts. The examiners are interested to see how
we ll you can use English to make an argumen t.
Speaking
65 minutes
Picture-based discussion
2 th e relati onship of business issues and th e
environ ment
fu rt he r
actua lly
most issues
25 minutes
am biguous
conne cted
nervous
curious
frightening
to kno w
HOW TO STUDY
You canno t know in advance w hat pictu res you w ill
56
NATURE
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
Debate
40 minutes
Against
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
If you don't know the exact wo rd for something in
English, try to use words that you do know to explain
wha t you mean. Giving examp les may also help to
ill ustrate what you want to say. You 're not tested on
how m uch vocabu lary you remembe r, but on how
good your communication skills are.
NATU RE
57
Reading
~ 35 minutes
-------
READING EXAM
~ 15 minutes
It's possible to get your homework done even if you have a busy
schedule - if you decide in advance what you have to do. On
Sunday or Monday, jot down your activities for the upcoming
week in a notebook and then include a time for homework for
each day.
e
e
e
o
HOW TO STUDY
If you study on your own, work
carefully.
A Start strong
B Complete eac h ta sk
C Plan ah ead
o Eat for energy
E Just do it!
F Keep t hings in order
G Talk to an expe rt
H Take a break
I Find the right place
Answers on page 17S
58
SCHOOL
Listening
30 minutes
2
3
4
5
An sw er s o n pag e 17S
WESTFORD COLLEGE:
40 minutes
1S m inutes
LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
3
4
5
6
7
8
(verb)
(no un)
(nou n)
(ad ject ive)
(ad ject ive)
(adverb)
(no un)
(verb)
EXAM TIP
SCHOOL
S9
~ 1S minutes
Writing
~ 115
Writing an invitation ~
minutes
4S minutes
No
1 when
2 where
3 wh at occasion / reaso n
4 wha t food and d rin k
0
-
EXAM TIP
First decide what part of speech th e missing word
sho uld be (verb, noun , adjective, etc.), then think about
what d ifferent forms there are of the words that you' re
given.
Be there or be squer'e...
60
SCHOOl
WRITING EXAM
20 minutes
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
Histor y?
do science sub jects.
taking Busin ess Stud ies?
choose lan gua ges.
50 minutes
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM
EXAM TIP
SCHOOL
61
Speaking
Situational role-play ..
... 70 minutes
35 minutes
Picture-based discussion
2
3
4
S
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
3
4
S
35 minutes
rea ding
news papers.
Tourists speak _ _ better Eng lish than yo ur
frien ds do .
The typed English in chat rooms is a _ _
clearer than speakin g.
Read ing newspap ers is t he _ _ serio us way
of practi sing English .
Your frien ds laug h if yo u ma ke _ _ ma ny
m istakes in Eng lish .
SPEAKING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
5 minutes
EXAM TIP
62
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE TIP
SCHOOL
63
Reading
30 minutes
READING EXAM
.. 15 minutes
64
SCHOOL
HIGH SCHOOL
The first impressions are rath er menac ing. Visito rs must s ign in and s how
identification before being allowe d into the building. ' _ _ But w hat a
deceptive first impression! Manh attan Comprehen sive Night High Sc hool
may be the friendliest, most ca ring inst itution in all of New York City. A
sc hool of last resort for many of its students, it is their best chance to turn
their lives around , and make friends in the proc ess. Manhattan Comp, as
it's called, is the first full-time night high sc hool in America.
High school is compulsory until the age of s ixte e n in Am erica, but many
students drop out, either before or afte r they reach sixteen , and before
re ce iving th e ir high s c hool diplomas. Until now, night educa tion
programm es for dropout s only provided the basics and then aw arde d an
equ ivalen cy certific ate . ' _ _ The stude nts rec eive an ac ade mic
diploma, which th ey say is more helpful in getting a job than an
equivalency certificate. More than sixty per ce nt of Manh attan Cornp's
st udents go on to college .
Most of the sc hool's 450 students have either bee n expelled from or
dropped out of othe r high s chools. Some have bee n in two or thre e
school s before this one.
What seems to make this s chool work for thes e hard-to- pla ce stude nts
is the staff and, most importa ntly, the principal. All the stude nts call him
Howard. a_ _ The institution is his own cre ation. He designed and
opened it in 1989.
Most students at Manhattan Comp are between eighteen and twe ntytwo yea rs old. Yo u must be at least seventeen to en rol Iin regu lar day high
schools, students are usu ally between fourtee n and eightee n years old).
The class es run from 5 to 11 p.rn., Mondays th rough Thurs days, with allday enric hment programmes on Sunda ys w hich explore topics like
playwriting, art and video production. _ _ Most students alread y have
some academic cred its from previous sc hools, s o instead of the normal
four years in high s chool, they s pe nd, on average, between s ix months
and two yea rs at Manhatta n Comp.
Listening
2S minutes
S Read t he instruction to
exercise 8 , a n d a nswer the
questions.
~ 10 m inutes
LISTENING EXAM
2
3
4
5
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, you wi ll hear every recordi ng twice. When you are
practising, listen to the recordings twice. During th e second tim e you listen,
Use of English
30 minutes
the airport
surfing the Internet
repeat th e sentence
tea Eher
is 18 sma rt > age badly
6 o'cloc k
pentathion
try harder
lives in Pari s
RULES
EXAMPLES
o ur
+ noun
teacher
interested in
meet yo u at
+ n oun (p lace/ ti m e)
she
+ ve rb (is/was or os)
cou ld yo u
+ ve rb (base fo rm)
ex ceptionally
+ a d jec tive/adverb
For
Aga ins t
SCHOOL
6S
1 introducin g an argum en t
2 introducing a co un te r-argu me nt
3 giving an exam p le
4 co nti nu ing an arg u me nt
5 su m m arisin g/ con clud in g
6 giving a personal view
~ 1S minutes
only.
WRITING EXAM
70 minutes
EXAM TIP
When you w rite an argu mentative essay, t his struct ure
EXAM TIP
2
3
It's also a good idea to read the text quickly, and look
for clues that help you decide what part of speech
Speaking
55 minutes
Picture-based discussion
Writing
90 minutes
however
to su m up
in contrast
bu t
o n th e one ha n d
in addition
suc h as
as far as I'm concerned
for one thing
in other wo rds
in fact
furth ermor e
in my ow n exp erien ce
conversely
66
SCHOOL
3S minutes
;0,
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Talking about w hat you don't knowguessing, having theories, wondering
- is an important part of
comm unication, and this is reflected in
the speaking exam .
Debate
20 minutes
burden on th e parents.
6 Society need s ed ucated
_
people.
20 Write similar arguments both
for and against the statement
in exercise 21.
HOW TO STUDY
Pra ctise different ways of ex pressing
your opinion, agreeing and
disagreeing, and inviting someone's
opinion. You can find useful phrases in
th e Speaking Bank on page 128.
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
Peopl e wh o go to un iversity
sh ould pay for th eir educa tion.
Answeu on page 178
SCHOOL
61
Reading
... 35 minutes
D Therefore,
E
Nevert heless
D suc h as
E
D Nevert h eless
E
When doing the task, mark the extracts you have used.
When you have completed the task, check that you
d id n't use a fragm ent twice.
68
WORK
READING EXAM
London taxi drivers know the cap ital like the back
of the ir hands. Just jump into one of the city's
22,000 distinctively-sh aped cars and tell the d river
your destination. No matter how small and difficu lt
to find the street is, the driver wi ll be able to get
you there witho ut any trouble.
' _ _ Dur ing
this period, which
can ta ke fro m two to
four years, the
wo u ld -be taxi driver
has to learn the
most direct route to
every sing le road
and to every
important building
in London. To
ach ieve thi s, most
lea rn ers go around
the city on sma ll motorbikes, practising how to
move to and from d ifferent po ints of the city.
Going around London on a sma ll motorbike can
have its prob lems, especially during the w inter.
z_ _ T here was thick snow everywhe re an d I had
to wea r m y mothe r's tigh ts becau se I was so cold:
he said.
Learner drivers a re not allowed to work and
ea rn money as d rivers. 3 _ _ The trai ning period
can cost quite a lot, becau se learn ers have to pay for
the ir own expenses (getting around Lond on using
private tran sp ort), the tes ts they take and a medi cal
exam.
On ce a new taxi driver has a licen ce, the nex t
thing he or she has to cope with is the public.
Drivers agree tha t most passengers are very
pleasant, although occasiona lly they can be nasty.
But, as Brian Tu rner, 53, a taxi d river for thirty
yea rs, exp lains : 'Your job is to tak e them whe re they
wa nt to go in a poli te and pleasant ma nner,
whatever they are like. After all, if you're
unp leasant to your passenger, yo u won' t ge t a tip.'
Knowing
London
Inside
Out
~ 20
minutes
Listening
~ 20
---
minutes
A
B
C
D
E
Babysittin g
Fru it pi cki ng
Serv ing customers in a tea -room
Deli veri n g news papers
Helping in a h aird ressin g salo n
L15TENING EXAM
10 minutes
Babysitting
Fruit pi cking
Serving cus to m ers in a t ea-room
Deli vering newspaper s
Helping in a hairdressing salo n
Speaker
Spea ker
Speaker
Speak er
Speaker
D
D
D
D
D
EXAM TIP
Before you listen for the first time, make sure you read
WORK
69
Use of English
3S minutes
co un tries _ _ my siste r.
a as
b than
c so
4
5 _ _ yo u t h in k yo u cou ld
help me wit h my pro ject?
a Wi ll
b Do
c Can
8 Rea d t h is short text. It contai ns
seven errors. Can yo u find and
correct t h em?
When I thi nk o n t he future, I
reali se I reall y have no idea w hat
I' m go ing to do. Th at I wa nt to
do is to enjoy the prese nt and
live for t he m oment. W hen my
brot her h ad my age, all h e d id
was make plan s. He kn ew wh ich
h e wanted to go to uni versit y,
wh at co urse to take - ev eryt h ing .
Even as a teen ager, he has
decided of hi s jo b. And, let m e
tell yo u, my brother is ve ry
boring! I' m go ing to live m y life
di fferen t.
1S minutes
SHOCKING NEWS:
STUDENTS WANT TO TEACH!
Teachers may feel underpaid and unappreciated, but,
judging from the results of a recent career survey,
they're inspiring ' _ _ very tough crowd: teenagers .
The sur vey found that teaching is a top car eer
choice for teenagers, ranking as high z_ _ doctor - a
frequent favourite - and just above lawyer - another
popular choice. Th e sur vey was based on respo nses
from more ' _ _ 1,000 people ' _ _ were aged from
13 to 17 . The qu estion asked was, 'What kind of work
' _ _ you think yo u will do for a care er?' The
te enagers were asked ' _ _ give thei r to p three
choices. The other top ten choices included spo rts,
scien ce, architecture, business, th e military,
engineering and nursing.
Results have always differed between girls and
bays. For example, a military career ' _ _ never been
a top-ten ch oice among girl s, but it 's often popular
with ba ys. ' _ _ the o th er h and, nursin g is usually a
popular choice with girls , but h as never made the top
ten wit h bo ys.
EXAM TIP
Writing
~ 75
minutes
Ho bbi es:
Skills:
70
W ORK
like
interested
hope
WRITING EXAM
minutes
Support Council
LANGUA GE TI P
Direct question : 'Can you tell me how
exam task.
Speaking
... 10 minutes
Situational role-play
. . 3S minutes
WORK
71
EXAM TIP
It's important to pract ise
I<>- 10 minutes
17 Your friend wants to get a job this summer and asks you for
a dvice.
Look at this list of job advertisements:
SUMMER JOBS
Child minder
Eng lish family living here lor the sum mer requ ire a
child minder lor their two child ren (3 and 7). Use 01 car
and meal s provided. 5 d ays a week and some eve nings.
Cit y guide
Tourist office look ing to em ploy guides during the
su mmer. Official city tours last two hours and are in
Eng lish. History knowledge essen tial.
Shop assistant
Busy store in shop ping centre requires su m mer shop
ass istants. Friendly manner, sma rt ap pe arance, in terest
in fashion, rea sonable Eng lish.
Waiter
Busy city cen tre bistro w ishes to employ seasonal
wa iting staff. Good com munication skills a mu st.
Flexible hours, to include some wee kends and
evenings.
Hotel receptionist
Excellen t opportunity for the right person to begin a
career in hotel industr y. 4* hotel near airport requires
recepti on ass istan t during su mmer.
Discuss the following points with your friend .
o
o
o
o
way.
Picture-based discussion
.... 35 minutes
18 Ch o o se from t he wo rds
below to complete t he text
about jobs and work.
assistant
o ffice
h o lid ays st ressfu l 0
qualified
u nskilled
highly skill ed
promotion
training
m anual
pension skilled
co m m u te wh ite-co llar
Traditionally, job s ha ve been
divided into two ty pes, based
o n the clot h ing peop le wore
to d o their wo rk: bl ue-collar
job s in fact ories an d ' _ _
job s in offi ces. These da ys,
we usually refer to the two
types as z_ _ jobs and
' _ _ jobs respecti vely. Some
jobs ar e ' _ _ : anyone can
do these jobs, without being
trained . Mo st job s, howe ver,
are s _ _ and many job s are
' _ _ . If you get a certi ficate,
diploma o r d egree, then yo u
will be ' _ _ . Because man y
jobs ar e ver y spe cialised, yo u
will recei ve ' _ _ to h elp
yo u d o the job . Alt h o ug h
yo u will probably start as an
' _ _ , yo u ca n hope to get a
to _ _ after a wh ile . If yo u
ha ve to " _ _ a long way to
work, you ma y find it u_ _ .
O n t h e o t her hand, if yo u
can tak e long u _ _ and
yo ur co m pa ny pr ovides yo u
w it h a good " _ _ plan, you
may fee l glad to h ave yo u r
job.
72
W ORK
EXAM TIP
In the speaking exa m, the picturebased discussion usually relates to
a part icular top ic. Every to pic has
its ow n specific vocabulary, w hich
you can imm ediately use in talking
WORK
73
Reading
35 minutes
1 Read the fo ll o w in g
paragraph, then decide
which of the statements
below, A or B, is true,
acco rd ing to the
in formation in the
p ara gra ph.
50% of the su rvey
respondents ad m itted the
applicant's appea ran ce pla yed
a rol e in rec ru it me n t
pro cedures. The rate wa s
three times lower among
successful job applica nts, and
only one in twenty
em ployers (5%) agreed that
ap pe arance was a de cisive
factor.
A Half of the job app licants
that we re turned down
believed that the way they
looked was to blame.
B 95% of em ployers claimed
appearance wa s
co m p letely irrelevant
when em plo ying n ew
staff.
EXAM TIP
Read all four options carefully.
Remember, one word can change
choices.
READING EXAM
2 Read the a rti cl e abou t discrimination in the workplace, and
choose the best option: a , b , c, or d to complete statements
1-5 about the te xt.
Overweight, underpaid
Sexual, racial and age discrimination are
outlawed. Are sizeism and lookism the last
prejudices?
SONYA is heaviiy overweight and used to what she describes as
'fatism' from the general public. But she hadn't expected her obesity
to affect her career prospects. ' I knew the moment I turned up to my
iast job interview that my chances were low,' she says. ' When I met
my two interviewers, I knew I'd lost immediately because of the way
they looked at me. The thing that was most upsetting was that the
telephone conver satio n I'd had with one of them beforehand
suggested I had all the skills and experience necessary and the
interview was just a formality.'
'Lookism' is the latest discrimination to hit the workplace,
according to the law firm, Eversheds. Victims of the trend are judged
by employers on aspects of their appearance ranging from weight to
clothing and from hairstyle to body piercing. Some are turned down
for jo bs, others miss out on promotion. The latest research has
revealed a culture of appearance disc rimination swe eping businesses
while his female colleagues weren't , and a man who was made to cut
his long hair by his employers.
74
WORK
~ 2S
minutes
a lookism is forbidden by
federal law.
b race di scriminati on is more
Widespr ead than 100kisl11 .
c the number of cases
related to lookism is
growing.
d lawyers turn down peopl e
wh o claim appea rance
di scrimination .
Listening
20 minutes
~ 10 minutes
Tara Hastin gs
[anice Pepper
Linda Stern
Vanessa Carroll
EXAM TIP
It's easier to understand th e recordin g if you know wh at to expect. Read
th e task carefully before you listen. Be careful: if a phrase in the recording
sounds sim ilar to the stateme nts in the task, it's not necessarily the
inform ation you' re looking for. Pay att ention to the meaning of w hat yo u
hear.
5 In the UK
a the re is pu blic acceptance
o f lookism.
b legal regul ati ons aga inst
loo kism are expected soo n .
c victims of lookism h ave n o
ch ance to claim th eir
rights.
d there have been n o cases
related to looki sm so far.
WORK
75
Use of English
~ 25
minutes
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
76
WORK
.. 10 minutes
those
even
to
Get it right!
Katy Sm ith, career co ns u ltant, has a few tr icks
up h er sleeve for '
loo king for a jo b.
Go on and get it right!
Read rec ru it ment sections in newspapers an d
o n the Intern et . A good pe rma ne n t job wit h a
promise of lo n g-t erm employment can be
diffi cu lt to fin d, so z
take a
tem porary job, 3
if it is only for a
few mont hs? Every day in m ost local
news pa pe rs there are at t rac tive
ad ve rtisemen ts for both full -time an d part time jobs, so don 't miss them!
a
W he n yo u've decided to apply '
job , sen d yo ur ap plica tion wit h a CV as soon
as possible. Don't forget to list all yo ur
qu alifi catio ns (degrees and di plomas) and any
previous experience yo u h ave wit h s
_
work.
_
At t h e inter view don't be afraid '
ask abo ut working co n d itions (e.g. h ours o r
holidays) but wait for the in terviewer to
me ntion the questi o n of starti ng sa lary.
Mo ney is a deli cate issu e an d '
_
greedy will n ot get yo u a job.
Dress for success! Put o n smart clothes an d
wea r '
bri ght to boost yo ur
co n fide nce at the in terview.
Answers on page 180
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in th e gaps, read the text quickly to
check that you understand the main points. This will
help you find the right word more easily.
Writing
~ 70 minutes
WRITING EXAM
Speaking
20 minutes
Picture-based discussion
10 What do you think? Are the fo llowin g jobs
better done by women, or by m en, or is there
no difference?
train d river n urse foo tballer politician
arch itec t web desig ne r coa l miner
11 If you're working with a partner, discuss
you r answers to ex ercise 10 . Give reasons.
Discuss other jobs, too.
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10
minutes
EXAM TIP
Fillers and connecto rs are very useful wo rds that give
you tim e to t hink. Don 't overuse th em t houg h, becau se
thi s mi ght give the impression that you can't find the
words you' re looking for.
60 minutes
EXAM TIP
The most impo rtant thin g about w riting a job
application task in the w riting exam is to rememb er
w ho th e reader is. WiIi your lette r tell th e reader all th e
WORK
77
Reading
. . 30 minutes
a en o ug h sleep
b fit
c a sensible diet
d jogging
e in sh ape
f weigh t
g st ress
h in the gy m
1 put o n weight
2 give up
3 cut do wn on
4 take up
a
b
c
d
HOW TO STUDY
Record any new vocabulary that you wa nt to remember
~ 20 minutes
READING EXAM
3 Read the following leaflet giving advice on leading a healthy life. Some phrases
h ave been left out of the text . Ch o ose from phrases A-I below to complete the
gaps. There is one phrase you're not going to need.
How to live to be
100
Reduce calories and cut down on sw eets, cakes and chocolate. If you are overweight, try to lose
weight. Bein g overweight increases yo ur '
of developi ng circu lation problems.
Follow a sens ible diet - eat as mu ch low-fat food as possible: chicken, fish and yogurt are good
for you. Aim to eat at least five portions of fruit an d vegetables a day to ens ure your z
_
of Vitamin C and health-giving minerals.
Give up smoking - eve ry cigarette shortens your life.
Lead an active lifest yle. Keep fit and stay in sha pe: '
out in "the gym or take up
jogging? Cho ose an activity that you'
. Exercise sho uld be a pleasure, not a d u ty. Aim
to exercise for about 30 minutes at least five times a wee k. If you wor k sitting down , s
_
up as often as you can and wa lking around for a whi le.
DON'T
Don't go to bed late: if you don't get enough sleep, you w ill lack energy and you w ill age faster.
Sleep replen ishes the energies spe nt d uring the day and aids the natural healing p rocess of the
bod y.
Don't get stressed: 6
and avoid stress at h om e, scho ol or work. Learn to relax, and
when you feel that your stress level is rising, take a break .
Don' t eat between meals: it's the fastest way to put on we igh t. If you 7
snacks, try at
least to eat healthy snacks, like fruit or yog urt.
Don't be a fitness fanatic' You need to stay in sha pe bu t reme mber to '
_
A why n ot wo rk
B it's wor th practi sing
C keep ca lm
D chances
E can 't give up
F t ry get ting
78
HEALTH
Listening
25 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
2
3
4
HOW TO STUDY
Remember that during the
exam inatio n yo u will hear the
recordin g twice. When yo u
10 minutes
6 '" 17 First read sentences 1-7. You are going to hear a radio
in st ruct io n to exercise 6
to find out about the
recording you are going to
hear. Then choose the best
ending for the sentence
below.
LANGUAGE TIP
The no un exercise whe n it refers to physical exe rcise is uncounta ble. Yo u say
You should take more exercise. Mr Sinclair doesn't do any exercise. (NOT
5
(ei'cis85)
EXAM TIP
Always read th e inst ruction s carefully, as t his may give yo u some vital
information abo ut the record ing yo u are goi ng to hear. Then, befo re you
listen to the recording, read the possible answers. This will help you guess
what information to expect in th e recordi ng .
HEALTH
79
Use of English
... 25 minutes
Writing
... 80 minutes
Writing an informal
letter
9 Use this framework to write
prepositi on s
modal
verbs
into
may
we
th e
mu ch
however
minutes
8 Read the extract from a book on British culture, and use oue
word onty to fill each gap in the text.
EXAM TIP
Don 't worry if there are some wo rds in the text that you don't understand. In
this task, the gaps are usually g rammar words (prepositions, mo dal verbs,
80
HEALTH
near future.
B Please write again soon .
Situational role-play
45 minutes
~ 20 m inutes
becau se
becau se
because
because
becau se
Speaking
Dear Ms Bowles
Lots of love
Yours sincerely
Inform al o pening
Fo rm a l opening
In fo rmal closing
Formal closing
~ 60
minutes
LANGUAGE TIP
.. 10 minutes
HEALTH
81
Picture-based discussion
~ 25 m inutes
3
4
5
with
to
of
the
SPEAKING EXAM
EXAM TIP
Begin by describing what yo u can see in th e phot os.
Say something about one phot o and t hen compare that
to th e other photo. After making a number of
observations, you can move on to express ing opinions.
The prompt questions wi ll usually guide you.
82
HEA LTH
--~----~--
HIGHER LEVEL
Listening
~ 20 minutes
words. Which words could fit into each gap in the sentences?
Use each word only once.
running smoke dangerous
basketball money
mountain
What part of speech is the word that best fits each gap?
3 Write another word of your own for each gap that would fit
sentences 1-8. If you're working with a partner, compare your
lists.
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
4
John
1 He hurt his foot when he was on a
2 His doctor told him not to
_
3 When he's ill, his favourite food is
15 minutes
dairy products
roast chicken
Use of English
Agneta
4 She broke her leg when she was
_
5 Her father had forgotten to organise any
6 She missed
when she was recovering.
for her.
David
7 He thought his spots were very
8 He's not allowed to eat any
_
_
EXAM TIP
Read the instructions very carefully: do you need to write one or two words?
Should you write numbers? Don't expect to guess the correct answers
without listening. But do try to see what sort of word or words or numbers
HEALTH
83
..
10 minutes
Reading
40 minutes
as a result of
although
so
because of this
Health smart
b brus h
c get
d ta ke
5 a
b
c
d
ave rage
d ifferen t
o rdinary
same
2 a
b
c
d
Co n t rary
Opposite
Similar
Un like
6 a
b
c
d
idea
suggestion
sense
advice
3 a
b
c
d
chan ce
chances
the o ppo rtu n it ies
an o ppo rt un ity
7 a
b
c
d
break
control
limit
lose
8 a
b
c
d
cover
4 a fo r
b on
c to
d with
judge
keep
rem ember
An sw ers on page 183
EXAM TIP
If you're not sure if an answer is correct, make sure that
all t he other possi ble answers are w rong. You w ill then
know if the wo rd you've chosen is the best.
84
HEALTH
~ 25 minutes
READING EXAM
9 The title o f the article below is The history of dieting. Paragraphs 8-H a re in
the wrong order. Decide on the co rr ect order for the paragraphs, and write the
letter next to the number below. The first and last paragraphs are correct .
1
258
3
The word "d iet' or iginally meant "things tha t peo ple usually cat', bu t, th ese days, we use
the wo rd to mea n an eating patt er n o r programme designed to cha nge some thing.
But it has take n a lon g time to fi nd o ur exactly what these arc. Sea tra vel led [0 some
increase in understa nd ing . When it became possible to bu ild ships tha t cou ld go on lon g
voyages, sailo rs sta rted to spe nd many mo nths at sea. They also starte d getti ng a stra nge
d isease called 'scurvy'. Eventually, it becam e dear that th ey neede d fru it or vegetables to
survive. Today, we know that Vita min C is the reason .
But when d id it all start? T he re's a sto ry that in 108 7, William the Conq ue ro r, King of
England, had beco me so fat th at he co uld no longer ride his horse. H e stayed in bed an d
d ran k alcohol instead of eating fo od to try and lose weight .
Although the d iscovery helped their lives, there was much more that wasn't known.
Nobody knew, for example, why so me people got fat an d others d id n' t, o r what to do
ab o ut it .
e
o
Now, it may o r may not have wo rked for him, but we can't really reco mm end it as an
approach fo r most people . What 's important is the kinds of food yo u eat, because d ifferen t
foods co ntai n d ifferent th ings o ur bo d ies need .
H owever, despite all these, we usually say 'd iet' ab out losing weig ht. T his is 'cert ainly the
area where th e mo ney ge ts spe nt. And it has a long histor y.
We could be talking abo ut anyo ne o f man y di ffe ren t kinds. There are d iets fo r avo id ing
certain che micals, like salt, and th ere are d iets to increase amo unts of certa in things, like
po tassium. There are even diets to help peo ple put o n weight.
T hen, in the 189 0s, a che mist called Wilbur Arwar er bega n investiga ting ho w fo ods
co nsisted o f proteins, fats, and carbo hydra tes. He fo und tha t he co uld measure the heat
value of these by bu rn ing them and called a un it of this heatin g a "calo rie' .
T his meas uremen t he crea ted can be seen as th e sta rt of modern foo d science and dietin g.
Since th en , kno wled ge has come q uickly - som e peo ple say to o qu ickly!
HEALTH
85
Writing
60 minutes
c for
2 a What
b How
c Which
3 a giving
b h aving
c placin g
EXAM TIP
ru nning
b going
c makin g
5 a
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
20 minutes
4 a so
b by
c as
2
3
11 Rea d the instructions and the stu d en t's letter in exercise 12.
Do yo u ag ree with h er ideas? Why? / Why not?
~
WRITING EXAM
50 minutes
se.ve.c,,1 proble.MS. Firs-rl~ , -l-ke. lu,ck Orwk we. 'Je.-r ,,-r sckcor is
1-0 0 skor.f-. You C?H\ l\c* e.a.f- a prope..r M e-al il\ 15 1\l.;l\u-re..s e.spe.ci"lI~ i+ ~ou +irs-r k"ve. -l-c quwe. +oc ~ouc +ood i, -rke.
c" , -re.e..! We. Iwc. -rk,,-r " kwl-rk~ die.-r is iMpoC-r",-r, bu-r kow
~l\ uJe. e.a.f- ke..al..f-ki[lj ;+ . Hte.re.'s I\(..ve..r -riMe. +01 i.f-?
5e.co"'I~, we. do,'-r 'Je.-r e.'ouqk -riMe. +or e.<<.rc;se. ",d spor-r,
" '" -l-kis is, '-r 'Jood +or us , e.i-l-ke.c. The. ,,+.re.c-sckool spor-rs
clubs ,,-r ouc schoct MVe. c10se.d dow, be.cause. 0+ I"ck 0+ MO'e.~ .
F;l'\tllljl I ..f-kil\k. Oaf' P.~. Ie.SSor\S should a llow ",ore. -riMe. +or qaMt. S
",d scoots. ",d le.s S -riMe. +or bori,'J e.<e.ccise.s! We. would ,,11 be.
MOCe. i,-re.ce.s-rw i, 'Je.-r-ri,'J +i-r-re.c.
Maljbe. ;1- ' S -riMe.. -l-c chal\qe.. al\d ..f-ke. school should -l-ake. SOMe.
45 minutes
4
5
6
helps yo u sta y
h ealth y an d prevents you
from getli ng ill.
2 If yo u feel yo u're gett ing
ill,
_
achol\.
Yours +"i-rk+ulI~,
-gifa Kll-il\
86
HEALTH
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
Debate
25 minutes
Unhealthy
HOW TO STUDY
The speaking exam w ill ofte n require you to talk about
""
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Listen carefully to w hat your speaking part ner (o r you r
'I
HEALTH
87
Reading
~ 40
minutes
READING EXAM
3 Read the follo wing interview with jason Eva ns fro m Liverpool.
The reporter's q uestions h ave b een rem o ved . Match the
repo rte r's questi ons A-G to each paragrap h 1-6 t h a t sh o u ld
fo llow t hem . There is o ne question t hat yo u wo n 't n eed to u se.
3
I played in the school team for a few yea rs. I was only the reserve
goalkeepe r, so I didn't often get a cha nce to play in the compe titive
matches. But I've never played for a serio us team, no. Then, whe n I
was about twe lve , I won a sw imming competition, and I've been
concentrating more on my swimming ever since .
4 every yea r:
5 in 2005:
6 when he wa n ted to go to
t he FA Cup Final:
EXAM TIP
Before you start filling in the gaps,
read the text quickly to find out
what it's about. Read the text
again more carefully and identify
When we wo n the Cha mpions ' League in 2005. Tha t was amazing!
I watched the ga me on TV with my mates. Three-nil down at half
time, then we equ alised , and ende d up winn ing it all on penalties.
I was sitting on the edge of my seat all evening. And I have to
ad mit, I wa s in tears w hen the game ended . I still can' t believe it!
88
SPORT
. . 25 minutes
Listening
25 minutes
10 minutes
Muhammad Ali
a first beca me fam o us as a rap pe r.
b o rgan ised an ti-racist demon strations.
c won three Olympic gold med als.
d was goo d at composing poems.
Ali's first boxin g coac h was
a a po licema n in his ho me town .
b the Louisville Club owner.
c a te levision repo rter.
d a forme r thief.
All's career as an amateu r boxer
a lasted nearl y 18 yea rs.
b en de d whe n h e was 18.
c brought h im on ly a few mat ch victories.
d didn't bring him po pularity.
In the 60s, Ali
a served in the American ar my.
b spent five years in prison.
c lost his champion's title.
d refused to fight in cha mpionships.
In retirem ent, Muhammad Ali
a sto pped taking part in public activ ities.
b sup ported his da ughter's boxin g career.
c wrote for sports magazin es.
d was still very popular.
Answers o n page 185
SPORT
89
Writing
EXAM TIP
W hen you are listening for the first tim e, read the mul tip le-choice statem ents
and mark the answe rs. The statements appear in the same order as the
information about them in the recording. If you don't know the answer to an
item , don 't stop there, continue listening and m arking your answ ers. You'll
have tim e to look at the unsolved item s w hen you're listening for the second
tim e. If you really don't know the answer after the second listening, mark any
answ er. Don 't leave any item s w ithout an answ er.
Use of English
~ 20
. . 110 minutes
Writing an email
. . 35 minutes
minutes
2 Everyone ad m ires
O lym pic cha m pio ns.
minutes
10 Ca n yo u fi n d a n d co rr ect
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
~ 15
LANGUAGE TIP
t he six mistakes in th is
email a bou t sport?
..
'"
ill
English has a very clear sentence st ructure. The order of t he wo rds is different
in statem ents and questions. In t his task, decide if th e item s are statem ents or
q uestions. Check if there are any oth er clues abo ut w hat type of sentence it
might be (conditional? passive? relative clause?). Find the subject and the
verb first. If you can w ork out the m eaning of the sentence from t he
individu al wo rds, it wilt be easier for you to reconstruct it.
90
SPORT
WRITING EXAM
20 minutes
International
survey
WRITING EXAM
60 minutes
EXA M TIP
Make sure you show the examiners how mu ch English
EXAM TIP
~ 75 minutes
Speaking
Situational role-play
45 minutes
~ 25 minutes
2
3
4
S
SPO RT
91
If I were yo u, I'd
2 Hav e you co nsidered
I
?
?
3 W hy don't yo u
4 I t h ink yo u shou ld
5 Hav e you thou ght abo ut
long
ve ry
together
be tte r
just
take up badminton
playing tennis o r sq uash
tr y so me kind of at h let ics
watchi ng su mo wrestl ing
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minute s
Find o u t whet he r yo ur
pa rt n er is more in terested
in p layin g or watch in g
spo rts .
Find o ut what spo rts your
partner already plays or
wa tc hes.
Discu ss h ow much time
yo ur partner has ava ilable.
Recommend a spo rt to yo ur
partner, giving reasons.
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
indoo rs or outdoors
so lo o r team effor t .
EXAM TIP
Picture-based discussion
. . 20 minutes
2
3
4
5
92
SPORT
Reading
35 minutes
READING EXAM
20 minutes
HOW TO STUDY
We often use 'skimming' (readi ng
qui ckly without t rying to
understand every detail) in
everyday life, for example w hen
we skim through a new spaper
art icle to check if it wo uld be of
EXAM TIP
Start w it h skimming through the text to get a general idea. Ignore the wo rds
yo u don't know. Then fin d those parts of the text t hat contain the
information you need to do the task. Finally, decide whether a sentence is
tru e or false only after yo u have read t he relevant part of the text carefully. If
t here is no inf orma tion that co nfirms if a sentence is tr ue or not, mark false.
Smart answer key on page 186
SPORT
93
Listening
45 minutes
5 He re a re so me things students sa id a bo ut
sp ort a n d exerc ise. Match the beginnings of
the sentences 1-5 with the endings a-e.
I
2
3
4
5
a
b
c
d
e
Clrcle tmi...i"'3
ckoiu of b ;~e is tke -Firs t tki"'3
I Mvi"'3 tke ri~kt
protects lr""
2. -..eel! to develop ~ s"'i t~ble
_
3 ...",st Mve
to develop
per-For~...ce
4- e.CA.Y..,." kow to
w.o..e.- -)tot
t r CA. i-ni1'tC1
well ,
per~on. . e -ace wil decrease
t")r to
st~lr
Use of English
SPORT
40 minutes
94
ti...es
EXAM TIP
~ t ~ll
notes as you listen and write down what you think the
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
9 How many different words can you form using the prompts
from exercise 11?
vcrbs
nouns
adjectivcs
adverbs
useful
Writing
80 minutes
Writing an
argumentative essay
12 Read the statement in
useless
necessary
unnecessary
refuse
offend
Defj."ifio"" 0-1' spori '
qualify
disqualify
suffice
co m pe te
specta cle
10 Which words from exercise 9 have a negative form as well?
~ 15 minutes
No dope, no hope?
The ' _ _ (USEFUL) by sportsme n of an y forbidd en
pharm aceutical subs ta nces o r method s co nsidere d as doping
z_ _ (NECESSARY) d isciplina ry action. Accord ing to the
regu latio ns of the sports fed erati ons, th e 3 _ _ (REFUSE) to ta ke
a n an ti-dopi ng test sho u ld be regard ed as a positi ve result of
suc h a test. Doping _ _ (OFFEN D), if rep eated , may eve n
bring a lifetime s_ _ (QUALIFY).
But man y believe th at th e warning is "_ _ (SUFFICE). The lu st
for success and the desire to ach ieve bett er result s th an one 's
' _ _ (COMPETE) mean s tha t o ne forgets th e co nseq ue nces of
bein g found out. It is not on ly a race for ' _ _ (SPECTACLE)
results; it is also a race to find new method s of stay ing one step
ahea d of the scien tists working in the an ti-do ping lab orator ies.
Answen on page 187
EXAM TIP
reasons.
Read t he text first to und erstand what it's about. Then decide what type of
wo rd is mi ssing from each sentence ( is it a verb, a noun , etc.? is it positive o r
SPORT
95
~ 60
WRITING EXAM
minutes
EXAM TIP
The examiners expect to see w hat yo u know of English
in the 2 00 wo rds or so that yo u w rite in the W riting
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
96
SPORT
feelin g
SPEAKING EXAM
... 10 minutes
nervou s
Debate
20 m inutes
risk
adren aline rush
danger is exc iting
cha llengi ng your body
sense of ach ievement
doing some th ing dif ferent
accide n ts
fun
you n eed reliabl e eq uip ment
Fo r
Aga inst
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
SPORT
97
Reading
30 minutes
EXAM TIP
READING EXAM
3 Read the article abou t the British p re ss. Seven extract s h a v e b een remov ed fro m
the text. Put an extract from A-H in t he correct gap 1- 7 to co mplete t h e text .
There is one ext ract you're not go ing to need.
98
Listening
35 minutes
or DVD?
Why d id yo u choose
see it?
W ho did yo u see it
?
What d id you th ink was goo d
it?
yo u didn 't like?
Was there
Wh o was it di rected
?
Who played
main par t?
_
Have yo u seen those acto rs in
film s?
10 Did it
a lot of special effects?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
. . 20 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
~ 15 minutes
2
3
4
5
6
EXAM TIP
Be careful w hen doing listening tasks in the exam. Don't
just match a qu estion to someth ing in the record ing
because a w ord is the same. Think carefully about the
99
Use of English
... 25 minutes
minutes
9 Read this film review and fill in the eight gaps with the best
word or phrase from A-I below. Use each word or phrase
only o n ce . Th ere is one word or phrase that you will not
need to use.
' _ _ I particula rly li ked about t his f ilm was the excellent
performance of t he actors . ' _ _ the dialogues between t he
charact ers might seem simplistic, t he emotions seen on the
act ors' faces tel l us more than anything they might say. ' _ _ ,
the photog rap hy in the f ilm is very im pressive. Each close-up
shot seems to be steeped in meani ng and I am positive that
' _ _ scenes will evoke deep emot ions in every sensitive viewer.
I have seen City of Angels several ti mes myself and I can
st rongly recomme nd it to anyone w ho likes watch ing good and
engrossing fi lms. ' _ _ is defin itely worth t heir t ime . The
ending is totally unexpected and will leave you speechless for a
long time after the credits have f inished rolling.
A This one
B performed
C What is more
D ce rtain
E alo ng
EXAM TIP
First fill in the gaps that you are
certain abo ut. M ark each w ord or
from.
Writing
. . 90 minutes
Writing an email
. . 25 minutes
l
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
aid
impor tan t
frequ ently visited
well kn own
beaut ifu l
popular
arch itecturally sign ifican t
photographed
writ te n abo ut
F What
G either
H Althou gh
I played
Answers on page 189
lOO
HOW TO STUDY
There are ma ny things that you could have a favourite
15 minutes
e
l ri'
-G -----...
_ 2 __ 3 _
_ 4 __
5 __ 6 __ 7 __
~ 65 minutes
~ 50 minutes
WRITING EXAM
An sw ers o n pa ge 18 9
EXAM TIP
The beginnings and endings of man y lett ers are always
very similar. Practise w riting the familiar parts, so that
you don't w aste time thinking too hard about these
sections of the letter in the writing exam. You can find
useful tips for writing an informal lett er in the Writing
2
3
4
5
101
Speaking
Situational role-play
.... 60 minutes
~ 3 5 m inutes
mu seum.
_ _ Yes, becau se they'll learn abo ut our
hi story.
_ _ That's a good idea - with local spec ialities .
_ _ They'll be hun gry afte r all that walkin g,
so the restaurant.
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
There are no 'right' or 'w rong' answ ers in situational
Picture-based discussion ..
25 minutes
take
102
SPEAKING EXAM
" 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
W hen you have to describe a
picture, try to use your
imagination. Guess wh ere the
103
Reading
35 minutes
3
4
5
6
middle-class famil y in
London.
In 177 2 he sta rted wor king as
an appren tice of an en grave r
in London.
Blake bec ame a studen t at the
Royal Acade my in 1779 .
Whe n Blake married
Cat herine Boucher in 1782.
she co uld n't read or write.
Blake fell seriously ill in the
spring of 1825 .
Th e Blake Prize for Religiou s
Art was esta blished in h is
h onou r in Australia.
READING EXAM
25 minutes
2__ ;
3_
5_
b __
104
Use of English
EXAM TIP
Sentences in a text are connected by cross-references. Find those parts
25 minutes
that refer to some informa tion in another sentence (or other parts of the
Listening
40 minutes
of
do ing
just
with
o ut
HOW TO STUDY
When yo u listen to anyth ing in Engli sh - 1V news progra mme, ete. -
make quick notes of the numbers, names, dates, and so on, that you
hear. Afterwards, look at your notes and try to reconstruct information
from w hat you heard.
LISTENING EXAM
..
15 minutes
A
B
C
D
E
F
3
4
105
~ 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Always read the whole text again after you have filled in
the gaps, to check that it's correct logically as well as
grammatically.
Writing
70 minutes
OPTIONS
In thi s unit, yo u can choose to w rite a book review or a
106
70 minutes
~ 60 minutes
the title
a brief outline of what h appens
what you think is interesting abo ut it
wha t you think its best aspects are
who you wo uld recommend it to.
70 minutes
plot
pro tago n ist
con flict
reso lution
5
6
7
8
cha racter
dilem ma
con clusion
am biguity
HOW TO STUDY
~
60 minutes
e- 10 minutes
EXAM TIP
How the average person spends their free time
Going out
Speaking
30 minutes
Statistics-based discussion
Working/studying
Popular activities
107
Reading
..... 50 minutes
READING EXAM
4 Read the a rticle on tourism. Decide which sen ten ces A-H
a re true (1) a n d which are fal se (F), acco rd ing to th e text.
2
3
7
8
108
TRAVEL
J ~J
(1) Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first
realise d th at tourism might be a way out of poverty, they built big
concrete hotels on t he beaches of Kenya. South Africa and other
countries. For some t ime numerous charter flig hts came from
Germany and It aly. Tourists hoping to see lions in nature reserves
- but also expect ing to enjoy the comforts of home - packed into
overcrowded resorts that were trying to look like the
Mediterranean.
(2) That was then . Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in
fashion now. Today's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels
for more authentic experiences, like horseback-riding through the
bush . Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meat
stew, pumpkin leaves and wild spinach. they listen to the local
Xhosa people telling folk stories. This experience is not offered by
a multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves.
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures. The
money they earn will provide the Xhosa tour guides with an income
two and a half times the average local wage.
(3) In many ways, this off-the-beaten-track holiday represents
the futu re of global to urism . Despite difficulties. internat ional and
domestic tourism is expected to grow fast over the next two
decades . While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of
9/ 11 pushed down to urist numbers in 2001 for the first t ime
since 1982, the impact was less tha n many had expected . Longerterm tre nds, including a rise in global wealt h, imp roving transp ort
technology, cheaper fl ights and the use of the Internet as a tr avel
t ool, will make it possible for more people around the world to
t ravel than ever before . Last year there were 693 mil lion
internat ional touri st arrivals. The World Tourism Organisation
~ 20 minutes + 15 minutes
EXAM TIP
When doing a true/false task, fi rst familiarise yourself
with the text. Read the instructions and the title, and
skim through the whole text to get a general idea of
what it's about. Then focus on the key words that tell
you about the gist of the text. Finally, find those parts of
the text that include the informat ion you need to
decide about the statements.
Listening
25 minutes
An sw er s o n pag e 192
TRAVEL
109
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
os.
EXAM TIP
Remember that mult iple-ch oice tasks may co ntain
options that are very similar to phra ses used in th e
Use of English
20 minutes
,
(long). It's z
_
(noisy) than a train station. Last night
1couldn 't sleep at all! It was
3
(bad) night of my life.
Could yo u find me so mew here
,
(quiet)?
Reception ist Well, it's 5
th an it seems. We have "
(difficult)
_
EXAM TIP
110
TRAVEL
Writing
90 minutes
WRITING EXAM
60 minutes
EXAM TIP
In a for/against essay, you ca n write about arguments
on both sides of the que stion, but you must come to a
clear conclusion.
Speaking
Situational role-play
7S minutes
40 minutes
TRAVEL
111
I'd like to go to
I've h eard that
I thin k I'd en joy just
I'd prefer to
5 I'd say th e most
im porta nt t h ing is
6 I'm ha ppy to ag ree to
SPEAKING EXAM
Picture-based discussion
35 minutes
3
5 minutes
4
5
6
7
8
Holidays from A to Z
ACTION ADVENTURE
\ Vhite sand and palm trees as tar as the eye can sec .
Brigh t sun and warm water. Exchange your stress for
peace!
COUNTRYSIDE CAMPING
>
Fed up with sitt ing aro und? Wan t to get fit an d have
fun? Water spo rts, mo un tain-climbing, indoor skiing,
and more: everything 's possib le at o ur special centre !
An~wers
on page 193
EXAM TIP
Remember that this part of the exam is like acting in a play. The
imp ortant th ing is to say your 'lines' well. This means you need to involve
the 'audience'. Speak with enthusiasm and interest. Speak clearly - don't
mumble. Make eye contact.
112
TRAVEL
Public transport
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cycling/Walking
Advantages
Disadvantages
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
TRAVE L
113
Reading
35 minutes
1 T he fo llowing tw el ve
phra ses a re ta ke n from t he
article in exercise 2 . Ea ch
o n e o f the phrases 1-6
refers to the sa me t hing in
the a rti cle a s o ne of the
phra ses A-F. Fin d t he
twel ve ph rases in the
a rticle, then match the
pairs of phrases below
which refer to the same
th in gs.
Mediterranean beach
my fina l destina t io n
my home
w ild life
h eat
like a tramp
I
2
3
4
5
6
A
B
C
D
E
mid-thirties
the so ut h of Italy
in n eed o f a shower
sma ll lightweight tent
snakes, lizards, deer, wild
bo ar and wo lves
F n orthernmost tip of
Nor way
EXAM TIP
Reading texts usually contain a lot
of cross-references. Focus on the
114
TRAVEL
READING EXAM
2 Read the article about someone who w alked ac ross Eu rop e.
Ch oose the hest option: a , b, c, or d , to com p le te the
sta temen ts about the text.
ACROSS EUROPE
On 1 May 1997, 27-year-old Londoner Andrew
Terrill began a 7,000-mile walk from the south
of Italy to the northernmost tip of Norway. The
aim of his walk was to raise 100,000 for
homeless people in England's capital. Here he
reports on his experiences at the start of his
adventures.
'WHEN I stood on a de ser ted bea ch at the so uthe rn tip of Italy
on 1 May, I didn't know quite what to expec t. Perha ps that w as
just as well. If I had known, I might never have left that
p leasan t Mediterranean beach . As I walked north into the
foothills of the Ape nnines, it seem ed impossible that I would
ever reach my final destination , Nor th Cape at the top of
Norway. I wa s both excited and ner vou s. My 35-kilo ru cksack
contained food for up to seven da ys. It a lso held my hom e - a
sma ll ligh tweight tent - and ever ythin g else I needed for
wild ern ess trav el.
The Ape nn ines we re certainly a cha llenge. The mo un tains
were covered in den se forest, and there we re few footpa ths.
The ma ps we re wo nderfully imagina tive. Valleys, mo un tains
and lakes we re mar ked, but d idn' t exist. Those that did exist
often weren 't marked . As a result, I was frequen tly lost - once
for two and a half days. It wasn' t a ver y promising sta rt. The
wil d life kep t me on my toes. There were many evil-looking
snakes, a million lizard s, deer and wild boar. Wolves were said
to be hidden away in the deepest forests.
Walking in the so uthern Apennines wa s ver y tough. It was
also fascinating , w ith ramshackle mountain villages along the
way. The locals were friendly and helpful. It wa s great to be out
in the hills wi th the freed om to trav el and live life at my own
slow pace.
It was also very hard, though. In May and June, the
temperatures reached the mid-thirties, and there was little
wa ter. I finished each day ba thed in sw eat. I wa s footsore and
exha us ted . I rarely had a cha nce to recover. Mosq uitoes and
barking dogs kept me awake at night, as d id the heat. I felt like
a tramp, and I looked like one, too .
Sometimes, in great need of a shower and a chance to relax,
I tried hotels. On man y frus trating occasions, empty-look ing
hotels sudde nly became full whe n I arrived . At limes, in the
southern Apen nines, I wasn' t at all happ y.'
~ 20
minutes
ex pedition
a with eno ugh food for
the who le trip.
b in Londo n, the capi ta l
of England .
c on a Mediterranean
beach.
d well aware of what lay
ahead.
2 While walking th rough
Listening
30 minutes
on board
blow out
be drawn out
black out
cling to
a
b
c
d
e
be sucked out
burst
hold tightly
o n the plane
lose consciousne ss
land
strap (into)
lose control
black ou t
th in k about
a
b
c
d
e
blan k it out
rem ain conscious
take contro l
ta ke off
undo
HOW TO STUDY
An effective way of practising listening comprehension is to record a short
English text and then try to write down the complete text.
LISTENING EXAM
15 minutes
EXAM TIPS
The same information may be given in differen t wo rds in the recordin g and
in the task. Pay attention to phrases that have the same or the opposite
meaning.
If there is a word limit, check that you haven't written more, otherwise you' ll
lose points . (Cont ractions like wasn't, don't, you've and it's count as sing le
words .)
An sw ers o n p ag e 193
TRAVEL
115
Use of English
20 minutes
3 stop
4 give
5 refi ll
6 board
Writing
HOW TO STUDY
You may find it easier to remember the meaning of
phrasal verbs if you record th em in your vocabulary
10 minutes
4
I t k.ppe"ed two
30 to
to
l't. J
ero
"ll~ll '
90 minutes
cur rently
depressed
key problems
time ahead
raise
decrease
used
face facts
method
beginn ing
WRITING EXAM
60 minutes
CAte,.
' .3 0.
"Ill
cr'\nd
"t
1AS
I1l.lr
------_.......
A off
D do wn
G in
B up
E o ut
F o ut of
H out of the
I on
Answers on page 194
116
TRAVEL
C up w it h
EXAM TIP
A maga zine article is a g reat op portunity to show what
you can do in English. When you practise writing
Speaking
60 minutes
Statistics-based discussion
30 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Speaking: Debate
30 minute s
awareness
pop ularity
dominan ce
wealthy
cha racter
in co me
h igh-rise
eco no mic
local
dr ive u p
10 minutes
Visillo travel
Telephone
Internet
agenl's crnce
Direct response
Personal
10 advert
recommendation
EXAM TIP
Short
Family
Independent
Group
breaks
holidays
travel
bookings
Honeymoons
Answ er s on page 19 5
TRAVEL
117
Reading
40 minutes
118
SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY
READING EXAM
... 25 minutes
a dri ve to th em. D
b cha nge to provide
more room for mot or
veh icles. D
c close down becau se
th e new facilities take
their place. D
d trav el freely and
independently o f
othe rs wh ere we like.
D
e realise that the effects
of increasing ca r
ow ne rship a re
irreversible. D
f regard traffi c
co nges tion an d
pollution as the most
important. D
g be rep laced by parking
lots for cars . D
Listening
25 minutes
5 Answer the following questions about you rse lf. Give as much
detail as you can . Try to answer each question without
repeating more than two words from the question.
1 Do you come from a sma ll family or a big family? How man y
brothers or sister s hav e you got?
2 Have you received an y awards or won any com petitio ns? Wh at
were they?
3 Are yo u interested in scien ce? Wh y? / Wh y n ot ?
4 Wh at do you r pa rents think ab out your wo rk at school?
5 Whi ch sub ject at school do yo u spend most time study ing?
6 Wh at a re yo u plann ing to do after leaving school?
7 Would you like to become a teacher? Wh y? / Why n ot?
8 Where d id yo u grow up ? Do you still live in the same place
where you were born?
6 Now read questions 1-8 in exercise 7. Rewrite ea ch question
using your own words so it has the sa m e meaning.
LISTENING EXAM
..
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
Before yo u listen for t he first tim e, read t he qu estions carefully. Think about
different ways of answ ering each qu estion . Rem em ber, the answers in the
119
Use of English
Writing
30 minutes
65 minutes
home
experiences >
school
po int (n )
expense (n)
science (n )
maintain (v)
fly (v)
astronomy (n )
difficu lt (ad j)
effect (n)
disadvantages
summer jo b
business
C advantages : )
~
future
>
15 minutes
t ransport
10 Read t h e following text a bo u t space travel.
EXAM TIP
Und erstanding w hat th e text is about w ill help you
wh en you are tryi ng to fill in the gaps. Look for clues
that help you decide what part of speech the missi ng
wo rd is. When yo u have finished, read t hroug h t he
who le text again to check that the words fit in logically
as well as grammatically.
120
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLO GY
sport
full
we re
wit hout
there
th is
aga in
say
te ll
HOW TO STUDY
If yo u want to w rite well, yo u have to plan . Planning is
for write rs w ha t training is for ath letes! Practise d ifferent
WRITING EXAM
50 minutes
Speaking
Situational role-play
70 minutes
~ 30 minutes
10 minutes
EXAM TIP
If you wan t yo ur role-play to be realistic, you need to
121
Picture-based discussion
40 minutes
EXAM TIP
A
B
C
D
E
SPEAKING EXAM
I', 10 minutes
122
HIGHER LE VE L
Listening
35 minutes
. . 25 minutes
Use of English
40 minutes
T/ F
Answers on page 197
EXAM TIP
Listen to th e recording for th e first time , and while you listen, mark
th e answ ers you' re certain about.
3 Look at the task again, paying special attention to the items you did
not answer the first time you heard th e recording.
4
know the
answe r, g uess.
123
everyt h in g n ow.
A that
B if C5 It seem s to m e t ha t there's
m o re magic _ _ in a single
n ew flow er in sprin g than in
a ll t he space ro ckets.
A bein g B been
C-
Reading
35 minutes
3 run up
4 in n ovati o n
5 bridge t he gap
6 dr awb ack
EXAM TIP
When you have completed yo ur answers, check t hat no qu estion was left
unan sw ered . If you are really not able to decide whic h answer is righ t,
just g uess.
~ 25
minutes
5 Read this text about rockets. Most lines co n ta in an ex t ra word - a word that is
eit h er grammatically incorrect or one that does not fit in with the meaning o f
the te xt. Some lines, however, are co rrec t . Find the extra word, cross it out,
a n d write it after the line. Tick (,f) the correct lines. There are two examples
at the beginning.
THE HISTORY OFROCKETS
o The complete truth of the history of rockets will probably never be enti rely clear.
~
00 but it does seem that it all was started in China overtwo thousand years ago. But it
was
1 took on quite a while for rockets to reach Europe. Although the Chinese were fully
2 used to incorporating rockets into their military strategy by the time William the
3 Conqueror invaded England from France in 1066. neither of the English northe
4 French were familiar with them . The rocket seems to have been arrived in Europe
5 in the year 1241 . There are historical records that showing that the Mongols used
6 rockets against the Magyars in their attack on the cityof Buda on Christmas Day of that year.
An swers on page 198
EXAM TIP
The re are m any ways in w hich a w ord in an exercise like t his can be w rong. Think carefully about
w hat yo u have practised in thi s sequence, and m ake a list of the various reasons. Then yo u will be
better prepared to find t he errors next time you do an exercise like this one.
124
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
READING EXAM
8 Read the a rt icle a bout mobile phones . Th en ch oose the
co rrec t en d ing: a, b, c, o r d , to co m p lete sta te men ts 1- 5.
('lOaILE
rtEVOLUTIOn
No consumer product in history has caught on as quickly as the
mobile phone, global sales of which have risen from six million in
1991 to more than 400 million a year now.
The arrival of the mobi le phone has transformed our lifestyles
so much that men now spend more time on the phone than
women, according to the results of our special opinion poll.
Mobile phones are no longer just the domain of the teenager
and, in fact, just as many 40- and 50-somethings now own a
mobile phone as the 15 to 20 age group (slightly below 70%). Even
among the over 65s more than 40% now have a mobile.
The survey found that men with mobile phones 172% of all
men) spend more than an hour a day making calls on an average
weekday. Th e average man spends sixty-six minutes on his
land line or his mobile, compared with fifty-three minutes before
the mobil e phone revolution.
But the poll reveals that, while men are using their phones a
lot more, women are actually spending less time on the phone.
Slightiy fewer women 167%1have a mobile phone, and the survey
shows that the average amount of time they spend on the phone
on a weekday has gone down from sixty-three minutes before
they got a mobile to fifty-five minutes now. The explanation might
lie in the fact that men love to play with tec hno toys while women
may be more conscious of the bills they are running up.
innovation in mobile phones has been happening so fast that
it's difficult for consumers to change their behaviour. Phones are
consta ntly swall owing up other products like cameras,
calculators, clocks, radios, and digital music pl ayers. There are
twenty different products that previously might have been bought
separatelythat can now be part of a mobile phone. Mobiles have
changed the way peopletalk to one another, they have generated
a new type of language, they have saved lives and become style
Icons.
Obviously, the rich have been buying phon es faster than the
poor. But this happens with every innovation. Mobile phonetakeup amongthe poor has actually been far quickerthan it was inthe
case of previous products, such as colour television, computers
and Internet access. Indeed, as mobile phones continue to
become cheaper and more powerful, they might prove to be more
successfulin bridging the gap between the ri ch and the poorthan
expensive computers.
There are obviously drawbacks to mobiles as well : mobile
users are two and a half times more li kely to develop cancer in
areas of the brain adjacent to their phone ear, although
researchers are unable to prove whether this has anything to do
with the phone; mobile thefts now account for a third of all street
robberies in Lo ndon, and don't forget about all the accidents
waitingto happen as people drive with a mobi le in one hand. But,
overall, mo bile phones have proved to be a big benefit for peopl e.
..
20 minutes
125
Writing
10 minutes
-----
EXAM TIP
task. The task itself doesn't always provide you with a
list of points. This mean s th at you m ust spe nd some
time plann ing very carefully, sta rting with produci ng
ideas - as yo u did in exercise 9 here.
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
wit h m ore
.. 60 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
126
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
EXAM TIP
SPEAKING EXAM
situation, you need to control your language carefully. Make sure you
und erstand how to use m odal verbs and conditi onal struct ures so t hat
yo u can describe w hat yo u are imagining, guessing, and so on. You can
Debate
20 minutes
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
nuclear energy
cars
antibiot ics
mapping o f the human gen ome
the Internet
space flight
planes
.. 10
minutes
EXAM TIP
If yo u can' t think of w hat to say
qui ckly for or against som ething , try
com paring it to som et hing else: w hich
more disadvantages?
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
127
Sgeaki rng
Ba til ~
Situational role-play
Starting a conversa tion
Excuse me. Can I tell / ask yo u some t h in g?
Can I ta lk to you fo r a m oment?
Can I h ave a wor d ?
Ask ing for directi ons / information
Excuse me. How do I get to ... ?
Is t here a (post office) n ear here?
Could yo u te ll m e th e way to ... ?
I'd like to know ... , please.
Do you know (where the bus stop is)?
And there is one m o re thing I'd like to kn ow.
And yo u wo uld n' t know ... , would you?
Giving directions
Go straigh t ahead.
Turn left / right .
Take the first / secon d tu rn in g on yo ur right / left .
Go past (the school).
Keep going until you get to ...
Go along (Green Street) as far as the traffic lights.
Th en ...
You need to ...
Expressing opinions
see under Debate
Apologising
(I'm) so rry for (sth / doing sth ).
I'm really sorry.
I'm aw fu lly sorry.
I apol ogise.
Making Cl requ est
Can / Could you ... ?
Would you mind (doin g st h) ?
Do you think you could ... ?
Do you think yo u could pos sibl y ... ?
Will you ... ?
Agreeing to Cl request
OK. / All righ t.
Yes, sure.
Cer ta in ly.
Refusing a request
Sorry, but ...
I ca n' t reall y ...
I'm afraid I can 't ...
Making suggestions / arrangemen ts to meet
Are you doing anything on ... ?
Would you like to (do st h)?
Do you fancy (st h / doin g st h) ?
Why don't we (do st h)?
128
Giving permission
Yes, of co urse.
Yes, sure.
Yes, th at 's fin e.
No, t hat's fin e.
No, go ahead .
No probl em.
Refusing permission
Sorry, but ...
I'm afraid that's not po ssible.
I'd rat her you d idn 't (if yo u don't min d).
Giving advice
I think you shou ld / oug h t to ...
If I were yo u , I'd (do st h).
Have yo u th ought abo ut (doing sth)?
Have yo u co ns idered (do ing st h)?
Why don't you .. . ?
You mi ght en joy (doing st h) .
You could ...
A quarter of .
Hardly a ny .
Com pared to ... it's (tm times / 55 %) m or e (likely /
conunoni ...
Th e contrast between (air travel) an d (sea travel)
is (in)s ign ifican t.
Debate
Orde ring arguments
To start with, ...
First of all , / Firstl y, ...
Seco n d ly, .
Another thing is that ...
On the one hand ... but o n th e other hand ...
On the other h an d, .
The main reason is .
Another rea son is .
Well, the thing is th at ...
It's a lso true that ...
And on to p of t hat ...
And fina lly ...
Givi ng examples
For exam ple, ... / For in stance, ...
To give yo u a n idea, ...
One exam ple of this is ...
Look at th e case of ...
Su tn murising
129
Expressing opinions
I thin k (t hat) ...
In my view / opinion, .. .
I'm co nv inced / posi tiv e that .. .
To my mind, ...
Person ally, I thi nk .. .
As I see it, .. .
From my po in t of view, .
As far as I'm concerned, .
I don't th ink .. .
I don 't really know (if) ..
I'm n ot sure (abo ut / if) ..
I don't have a stron g / definite opinion abo ut that.
Agreeing / Accep ti ng the other person 's viewpoint
Yes, I agree (with you).
I co m p letely ag ree .
I co uldn 't agree wit h yo u more.
Th at's exactly wha t I think.
My po in t exac tly.
I know.
I can go along wit h that .
(I thi n k) yo u 're righ t.
Righ t. / That's right.
True. / Th at's true.
Abso lutely.
Exactly!
I su ppose so.
Disagreeing
Yes / True, but ...
I'm afraid I di sagree / can't agree wit h you .
I take / see yo u r point, bu t .
I see wh at yo u m ean, bu t .
I'm not sure ab out t h at.
I'm not sure that 's true / cor rect / right.
I'm not sure I can acce pt that.
I ag ree to so me ex te nt, but ...
Th ere mi ght be so me truth in th at, bu t ...
I can't agree / go along with that .
I d isagree.
I do n't see why / h ow.
You m ust be jokin g!
Sure ly yo u don 't t h in k that .. .
Actually, .. .
130
SPEAKING BA NK
Email
..
III
Sent: 21 /07/06
Cc:
le':! M y v is it
Hi ~n
d;;';~~u r m essag e a bo ut t he weat he r. I'll m ake su re I pack m y
umbrella !
M y fl ight is arr ivin g in Vie n na t om orro w at 15.35, th en I' ll t ake a
bu s from th e airport to the ce ntre . I'll gi v e y o u a ring f ro m th e
hotel wh en I g et th ere. Ho w about m eetin g up lat er for dinn er?
If Ank e arri v es from St uttg a rt, pe rha ps she co u ld joi n u s, t o o .
It will be great to see yo u aga in soo n !
Choose a subject.
Write the message like a short
informal lett er or a personal
not e.
Tak e ca re,
Dani el
Postcard
W rite th e nam e an d add ress of
t he person you're writin g to.
-t"1<t~i
/
Write Dear and the name of the
pe rson yo u' re w riting to.
2:3r~/y
...... i1<
:r '.... k"Vi1<(J" "
A'lAstri" . The we"tker's (}re"t:L:o~
s'lA1<ski1<e "1<,1 1<0 ",i1<. "l/y kote.i's
B'lAit e co....-tort"b.l.e, too.
We've ".l.re"d/y visited Scko1<br'lA1<1<
c." st.!.e . :r t 's be"'lAti-t'lA.l. 1 NeXt weeKe1<d
we're p.I."1<1<i1<(} to (}Oto S".l.t;b'lAr!j" :r '....
re".I..I.)\ e1<j"/ji1<(J" ..../Yse.i-t, b'lAt .r :tor(J"ot
to P'lAf 01< S'lA1<Cre" .... "1<,1 1<OW :r tki1<X
~e (}ot s'lA1<b'lAr1< !
Wish
were. k ere!
3 4-
c."r.!.to1< c.o'lArt
Best wishes,
lJ01A
7/
usually enough.
WRITING BANK
131
Informal letter
Put your address in the to p right
corner. We often leave this out,
t--
..
&sterk"SJr(}"SSe 19
A1Astri"
3D
:J1A-M 2.00
yo ur lette r.
Th""Ks " fot -I'or tke dictio""rJr Jr01A se"t ece . :Lt 's (}oi,,(} t o be "
(}re"t kefp i" ....Jr eX"....s !
HOwetYe nOtt? I /Aope. lt01A1ye. we. Ct-rto tkCtt }j'01A1re OOKi1'lo .fwwcr,d
to ~ottr 'C..o iOCtl1 ' Wkt\t ar e. (Y0'UY P().1-tS .for t'ke. S1(I1t.~),"?
As -I'or ""', i" A1A(}1Ast :L'.... (}oi" iJ" to spe"d " weeK "t ....Jr
oyCt1o1.dVll,otke-r 's
!,..01ASe.
i'YL.
f""(}1A,,(}e C01Arse, is cc....i,,(} to viSIt "", be-l'ore tk"t, i" :J1AfjJA1'l(Ywt\(JJ tke. reel: nCtSo-x :r. \1I. writ i11. is t kt\t :I. M d CA. Oye-Clo t jo e et.
0
Y01A l'1'..1'tti01'te.o tklXt lj01A 10 -aeve.r be.e.1-t to A1AstrilX) 1X110 1. wlXS
tk i1tlJ( i11(}, kow w01AO 7t01A i/(e. t o COl'1'.. 1X1o\O visit \jie.1o\1-t1X 1-te.xt
....o"tk? :r:j1ASt S" w t'k is speci"f de"f " t " s...." if kote! " e"r tke
We..stblXk1tlko-t) IX1tlO i-t lj01A (}ive.
Finish with a friendly expression:
(Lots of) Love, (t o family and
close friends)
Take care, (to fri ends)
Best wishes,
I'1'..
Write. S0011 .
Sign your name. First name is
usually enough. Close friends
sometimes put XXX (= 'kisses')
at th e end of t heir lett er.
132
leaflet
Choose a title to attract
attention .
Invitation
@) ~ @)
- ~aL.L.OW~~N
~ ......
~
~
~
~
~
~
wirh
'--- ~
......
28
~
~
FROM 7.l0 !'.M.
AT ThE STudENT CLub (44 ST MichAEL's Hill, BRiSTOL).
~ ~
fANCy dRESS o!,TioNAL, bUT RECOMMENdEd.
~1-----.... AdMissiON
FREE, bUT bRiNG SOME Food ANd dRiNk .
~
~
Hope to see you there:
~
DANiEl ANd CLAiRE
~
RSVP
~ (CLAiRE HARRis, ChARLOTTE
STREET, BRiSTOL BS2 6ZX,
~~
!,hONE: 07986 1 H246)
~
paR.-f.Y!
Also say :
- if the re is a dress code (do
---
<----
cElEbRATE HAllOWEEN
SATURdAy
us ON
OCTobER
4~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~~
@)
@ ) ~
WRITING BANK
133
corner.
6, Esterhazygasse 19
A-l060Wien
Austria
30 June 2006
Jessica Campbell
Information Office
English Language Academy
99 Downs Road
Bristol BS6 OYW
Dear Ms Campbell,
Yours sincerely
Finish with a polite expression,
t---
such as:
Looking forward to hearing from
you soon.
Karin Schneider
Write:
Yours sincerely (if you addressed
the person by name)
Yours faithfully (if you didn't).
Sign and print your full name.
134
WRITING BANK
96 Russell St r e e t
Hen l eaze
Bri stol
BS4 lAB
Customer Service Dept .
Cheap-O Stores Ltd .
52 Stroud Road
Gloucester
GL2 aLO
10 September 2006
Yours faithfully
Doy;S Staple-toVl
~
WRITING BANK
135
Put yo ur address in th e to p
corner.
Write th e date.
too .
Write Dear and the title and
surname of the person you're
writ ing to. If you don 't know
the name of the perso n, you
can write:
Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir or
Madam or To whom it may
concern:
such as:
I hope you will consider my
application.
I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
Write Yours sincerely (if you
addressed the person by name)
or Yours faithfully (if you didn' t).
Sign and print your full name.
136
WRITING BANK
:/
45 Charlotte Street
Bristol
BS2 6ZX
16 June 2006
Mr Michael Crossley
Hum an Resources Man ager
Bristo l Zoo
I'.O.Box lOO
BS99 II'B
Ap p lica t io n for the position of Zoo Guide
Ref. No . ZG/P-07.06
Dear Mr Crossley
I h ave seen yo ur ad vertise me n t in the May issue of Ci ty Life ma gazin e, and I
wo uld like to ap ply for the part-time position of Zoo Guide.
I am 18 years old, and h ave rece ntly co mpleted my A-leve ls in French, Biology
and Social Studies. I hope to stu dy Zoology at Reading Uni versity from
September, and I am curre ntly looking for a su m me r job before my course starts .
I would be able to sta rt work from 17 Ju ly and will be avai lable until th e en d of
Augu st.
I have gained valuable experience of working wit h an imals at my paren ts' farm
in Gloucestershire, whe re I grew up, and in my last two years I h ave been
studying Biology quite extens ively in preparation for my A-level exa minations. I
a lso en joy wor king with people, and I ha d th e responsibility of dealing with
custome rs in my part-tim e job last sum me r as a Box Office Assista nt at th e
Natural Histor y Museum in London. I have a good co m mand of French, both in
writi ng an d speak ing, and I also speak some Spanish . I am enc losing my CV with
details of my p revious education and work experie nce.
I believe I wo uld be a useful member of your team at the Bristo l Zoo, and I hop e
you will consider my app lication for th e posi tio n.
I look forwa rd to h earing from you soo n.
Yours sincerely,
Claire Harri s
WRITING BANK
137
Teleoision channels are becoming more and more specialised. There are
channels catering fo r a wide rallge of differellt viewers. This is challgillg
the role tcleoision plays ill our lives.
Include th e foll owing p oints:
....-...-.. .
.r:
v iewe rs. There are channels ded icated to sports, to coo kery, o r
to f il m s, to give a few examples.
The deve lopment of sate llite tec hno logy in the 1980s and
digita l broadcasting in the late 1990s increased the number of
te lev is ion channe ls, which is now no lo nger rest ricted by the
capacity of trad it iona l TV aeria ls. But t hi s increase in cho ice has
also made our expe rience of watch ing te levision diffe rent fro m
w hat it was like before.
Twe nty yea rs ago , mostTV sets could on ly rece ive a small
num ber of channels. Thi s also meant t hat peop le were
watching the same thi ngs, and eve nts in popular programmes
often became the central to pi c of co nve rsations . For examp le,
w hen th e characte r of JR Ewi ng was shot in an ep isode of the
popula r soap opera Dallas, many peop le spent the following
day disc uss ing their theories about the identity of his attacke r.
paragraphs.
If you're asked to include your
opinion, don 't use infor ma l
expressions to express
it.
For example,
For instance,
.
.
.
Such as ...
On the one hand, ...
138
WRITING BA NK
paragraphs.
However, sma lle r loca l shops which used to offer a f riendli er,
more personal service are closing down because they cannot
keep up with the competition .
Actu ally,
To sum up, .. .
To summarise,
In conclusion, .
In contrast, ...
However, ...
In fact, .
WRITING BANK
139
Book review
Always think about your
audience. (Who are you writing
for? Who's go ing to read your
Ender's Game
review?)
..-_~
P'
information.
140
W RITIN G BAN K
1 Family life
Stages in life
adolescence /,.edJ' lesnsl
adolescent 1,<cd d'lcs ntl
ad u lt l'",dAlt!
ad u lt hood 1" edAltltodl
age grou p
at the a ge o f
(eigh teen) 1' 1 oi 'cld3 ovl
baby "berbi/
be born Ibi 'bo-n/
birth Ib3:01
child ItJaIldl
ki d (inforll/ol ) /k td/
childhood " tj a ndho d/
d eath IdeOI
die /da t/
eld e rly (person) l' eld, lil
gen e ra tio n /dgena'rerj n/
g row up /qrao '" pi
grown-up (inforll/ol) "q rco nxp (n)1
marriage /' ma:n d ;yl
mi d d le age 1,lTI ld l 'cld31
middle-aged (pe rso n) I,mldl 'erd gd/
OAP (BrE) (Old Age Pensioner) 1'0
Cl
'p i:!
ex-w ife
father I'fa:oo(r)/
father-In-law l 'fo :o ;;l(r)m ,b :1
fiance /fi'n nser/
fiancee /tl'onser/
foster children /Tosta .tj tldran/
foster parents /Tcsto .pearants/
girlfrie n d l'g3:lfrendl
gra ndchildren (PI) "qrren tj rldran/
gra n d d ad (i nt onnol) I'gncnd"'dl
grandfath er l 'gr", nfa:o, (r )1
gra ndm a (inform al) I' g m:n m o:1
Words i n blue suggested f or the Higher level
Relationships
be m arried (to sb) Ib i 'me nd/
be e xp ecti n g (a chil d) Ibi
'rao/
ha ve a c h il d 1,It", v , 'tjatld/
make up (with sb) /merk 'Apl
marri ed co u p le 1,I11 ccn d 'kxpl/
(close I d istant) relation /rt'Ietjn/
relationship /rt'Ierj nj rp/
marry (sb) "me riz
(start a I have a I en d a)
relatio ns h ip (Wit h sb)
/rr'Ierj nj tp/
Family history
ancestors (pi) "amsestcz/
descendants (1'1) /dr'scndants/
fa m ily histo ry l ,fi.c m;)li 'hrs tri/
famil y tree l ,fa:mJ li 't ri:1
forebears (1'1) l'fo:be, 71
genealogist Id 3i:n i'a:IJd 3ISt/
genealogy Id3i:ni'",I,d3il
origi n s (p i) /' o n d3mzl
pas t /pc .st/
trace bac k /t rcrs 'be k/
Daily routine
babysit "berbisrt/
bring u p (ch ild ren) /bn n 'Al'l
brush (one's) teeth IbrAJ 'li:OI
(do mes tic I h o useh old ) chores
I IJo:zI
clean Ik li:nl
cle ar up Ik h, (r ) 'xp/
com m u te /ka'mj urt/
d o housework Id u: 'hao swa.k/
d o ". Idu:1
th e co oking 1<), 'k ok uj /
th e dusting 10;) 'd ASt ll)l
the ir oning l o i 'atanuj /
t h e shopping 10' 'JopIQI
t he w ashing 10, 'w nj uj/
the washing-up 10;) ,WOJII]'Apl
get d ressed Ig et 'drestl
get ready (for bed I schoo l) /qet
'r edi/
ge t up Iget 'Al'l
go .,. Ig, ol
to bed (ea riy I lat e) 110 'bed/
to sc hool It, 'sku:1I
to the o ffi ce It;) o i 'of ISI
to w ork ItJ 'wa.k/
go out /qao 'a o t/
have (A II/E take) a bath /ha v 0
tk's pektuj /
be p regna n t I bi 'preqnont/
be a rol e model Ibi J 'raol mod ll
be single Ibi 'snjq l/
break up (Wi th sb) /brerk 'Al'l
circle of frie nds I,S3:kl JV 'frend zl
fall out (wit h sb) Ifo:l 'aot!
generation gap /d geno'rerj n ,g a:pl
get divorced Iget dr'vo.st/
get engaged Igel m'qetdgd/
ge t m arried (to sb) Igel 'mrertd/
get o n w ell (with sb) Igel on 'well
go out (With sb) /qao 'aot/
h a ve a n a rgu men t / a
di sagreement I a row (Wit h sb)
l ,hOEV an 'u tqj uman t J drsa'qrirmant
'ba:SI
;;I
h a ve ... / htev/
a mea l IJ 'm i:1I
brea kfast "brekfcst/
lunch I IAntJI
tea It i:1
dinner l 'd mJ(r )1
su pper I'SA po(r )1
h ave (AII/E ta ke) a shower /he v 0
'Jao, (r)1
have a re st /htev o 'rest/
li e down /lar 'd a u nl
li e in / Ia t ' 101
look afte r (ch ildren ) Ilok 'o:fl, (r)1
(ma ke / prepare) meals I mi:lzI
(h ave a I take a) n ap /nrep/
provid e (for t he fam ily) /pra'va td/
put o n (clot hes) Ipot 'onl
ra ise (ch ildren) Irelzl
W ORD BANK
141
Special days
anniversary /ee nt'v arsari/
hest m an /best 'ma-n/
birthda y ca ke "bs. udc r kerk/
bonfire I'bonfal, (r)1
Bonfire Night (BrE) "bnnfata na n/
b ouquet /b u'kcr/
bride /brard/
bridesmaid "brardzmerd/
ca n d le I' k",ndll
(Ch rist mas / birthday) ca rd Iko :dl
ce leb ra te (a b irt hday) "selabrett/
(h ave a) celeb ratio n /selo'brerj n/
cerem o n y "seramani/
christening "k rtsn uj /
Ch rist m as "krrsmas/
Ch rist m as Eve l,kns mJs ' i:vl
c h u rc h ItI 3:tI I
decorate (the Ch rist ma s t ree)
f'dekJrenl
dress up / dress up as Id res 'A P I
dres 'AP ~zl
Easte r l' i:sto(l)1
e n joy (o n eself) Im'd3Jr/
famil y gathering l,f",m, li 'g", l), rIQI
festival f' fesu vU
funeral f' fju:nJfJU
get-together I'gelt' gel), (r)1
(b ride) gro o m Igru :m/
Halloween /helco' im /
have a good time I, h a~ v d god
'ta irn/
142
WORD BANK
2 People and
society
Personal information
ag e leldy
citizen I'sltIz nl
citizenship "stttznj rp/
dat e of birth I ,delt , v 'b3:01
female ((ormal ) I'fi:merll
ge n der (fo rma l) I'd3cnd, (r)1
job Id30bl
occupation (ormal ) / nkj a'pctj n/
male (t iJr/na/) /metl/
man / (pI) men limen 1 mcnl
nationality ImeJ' na:b til
people (PI) I' pi:pl/
person f' p3:snl
place of birth l,plelS ' v ' h3:01
profession /pra'fej n/
sex (onnal) Iseks/
woman I (pi) women f' w O I11~ n I
'w tm m/
Marital status
divorced /d r'varst/
marital status " mrernl .stcttas/
married "me nd/
separated "separertrd/
single I'sll)gll
unmarried IAn'01 x n dl
widow "wtdao/
widower f' wld ~ u d ( r )1
Descril:!ing people
appearance
attractive /a'trtek t rv/
beautiful I'bju:t1W
good-looking I'godloklQI
elegant I'elog, nt!
handsome "he nsarrv
pretty I'prni/
scruffy I'skrAfil
ugly I'Agli/
unattractive IAnJ' trce ktlvl
age
adolescent /azd c'lesnt/
elderly "eldali/
in (h is / h er) early twenties 110
3:li 'twenttz/
in (h is / her) late forti es 110 lcn
'Ix uz/
in (h is / her) mid-thirties 110
m id 'OJ:nzl
middle-aged /rmdl 'erdgd/
young Ij AQI
height
average height l , rev~m d 3 'halt!
medium height /'rui.diam halt!
short II J:t!
tall Ito:l/
build
athletic l<eO'lelikl
chubby l 'tI Abil
c h u n k y tin fonnat) l 'tI AQk il
fat If", tl
fit Ifltl
"welbtlt/
hair
bald Ib oldl
blonde (A III E blond ) Iblondl
fair Ifc;'l(r)1
curly 1'k3:li l
dark Ido :kl
d yed /da td/
fin e /fa m/
ginge r I' d 3m d 3~( r )1
g rey Igrel I
fringe Ifrmdy
h ave a h aircut I,ha:v ;) 'hcokxt/
hi ghlights (PI) I'haJlansl
long ~ o Q I
m edium-length 1' l11 i : d i ~m. l e I) O!
natural I'nx tJrJl1
parting I' po:tll)l
red Iredl
plaits (1'1) Ipl"" SI
pony-tail "paonitetl/
short II J:ll
shoulder-length n , old', 1eQOI
spiky "sparki/
straight /strcn/
thick 10,k!
thin l OIn!
wavy I'welvi!
white Iwalt!
face
beard I'blod/
birthmark "ba.Bmo rk/
black / white bl ek I wan/
bush y eyeb ro ws l ,bo I i 'a tbraoz/
ch ee kbo nes I' tIi:kb, onzl
clea n -sh aven "klim.j ervn/
(clea r / good / h ealth y)
complexion /kam'plc kj n/
dark (skin / co m plex io n) Ido:kl
distinguishing features ((orlllal )
IdIS,liQgWIIIQ 'firtjaz/
facial features I'felII ,fi:tI'zI
fair (skin / co mplexio n ) Ife, (r )1
freckles I'freklzl
goatee IgJo 'ti:!
m oustache /mc'sturj/
(poi n te d / flat / snub) nose
In ~ u zl
Iwea
wrinkles
"rnj klz/
Body
hod y parts
a rm j' o:ml
ha ck "brek/
bottom /'botml
brea st I' brestl
ca lf I' ko :fl
c h ec k I' tJi:kl
c hest l ' tJestl
ch in I'tJml
ea r l ' I:>( r )!
elbo w "elboo/
ey e I'al!
eyeb row
I'albraol
ey e la sh l' ail;eJI
finger !'fIDgo(r)1
fing ern ail
1'f1 1)9:lnelll
fist !'f,stl
foot (1'1 feet ) !'fotl
fore hea d I' fo:bedl
h an d
/' h<endl
h ea d I' bedl
h eel I' hi:11
hip 1'1111'1
ja w l 'd30:1
knee I'ni:!
leg I'legl
lips (1'1) I'hps!
lower hack "lcoo 'b.ek/
midriff "nu d n f/
mouth j ' m a o OI
ne ck
I'nekl
nose
I ' n;m z)
throat 19r;lotl
t h u mb 10" m!
t oe It ;:lol
to n gu e / t AI)/
tooth (1'1 teeth)
tummy (i llfom w l)
trunk
Itr" Dkl
w ai st
/wclstl
I tu:OI
I'L\ mi/
tm'prejn/
143
butto n I'bAlnl
ca p I k,epl
ca rd iga n I' k a : d l g ~ nl
casua l (clot hes) 1'k<e3001l
c hange (clo t hes) I II emdy'
c hec ked (sh irt) /tj ekt/
(elega n t / sma rt ) clot hes (pi)
Iklooozl
coat / kau t/
collar I' k olo(r )1
corduroy I'L):dr.)1!
cotton I' kotnl
c uff Ik Afl
denim I'demml
dress Idrcsl
d ressi ng-gown "drcsnjquun/
fashio nable I'f<cI nobll
flat (shoes) m,et!
formal (clo t hes) I'fo:mll
get dress ed /qet 'dr est!
get u nd ressed Igct ...n'drestl
g lasses (PI) I'glu:slzI
g loves (1'1) Ig IAVzI
h an dbag (AmE pu rse) I 'h<cob<cgl
ha t /han/
hi gh h ee ls (1") /har 'hi:lzI
ja c ke t I'd3'ekltl
jeans (pi) Id3i:nzl
jew ellery l'd3uolril
jumper I' d 3 A m p ~ ( r )!
kil t IkI1 tl
kni cke rs (pi ) (AmE pi pan ties)
1'llIk;l7J
WORD BA NK
ha p p y I' h,epil
hate /hcn/
hide o ne's emotio ns I,hald wa nz
r'moo jn z/
hostile I'host;.ull
idolise "ardolatz/
in sen sitive Im'SCnSJlIVI
like /lark/
loathe 11:>0 01
lonel y 1'1, 0 nlil
loo k down on (sb) Ilok 'dao n on!
look u p t o (sb) Ilo k 'AI' 101
lo se one's te m per 1,lu:z wa nz
'tem patr j/
lo ve I l.wl
mel an ch oli c /mclan'k uh k/
mind one's own bu si ness I,mamd
wxnz dun 'brzms/
m ise ra b le "mrzrcbl/
m ood y I' m u:d il
moved I mu:vdl
o n top of th e wo rld (iuformal) Ion
,top :'w OJ 'warld/
over th e mo o n (informal) 1,:w \'J OJ
'mu:n/
o ve rw he lme d /cu vc'wcl md/
re luctant /r t'Ia k tan t/
resp ect (verb) In'spcktl
respect (1101111 ) In 'spcktl
restless "rcstlos/
scared /skcod/
sensi tive " scn sonv/
senti me nta l /scn u' mcntl/
surprise d /sa'pra tzd/
te r rifi ed (of st h) "tcnfurd/
t h rilled (W it h sth) I O" ldl
tired "ta tcd/
touc hed I L\lI II
weary I'wlJril
wo rried I'wAndl
Countries
abroa d /a'b ro.d/
ana rc hy l'<enJkil
b ord er I'b, :do(rll
bo u nda ry "baundar i/
cit izen I'slt!znl
citizens hip I'sulznJlpl
cou nt ry I' k....ntril
dictator Idlk' tello(r)!
dictators h ip /d tk't ettajrp/
do mest ic /d a'm esttk/
em igrate "ermq ren/
ern tgrat lon /er m'qrerj n/
em p ire I'cmpaIJ(r)1
ex ile I'cksaJiI
fo reign /'forml
foreigner I'formJ(r)1
frontier I'frAntl;l(r)1
home co un try "haem kant ri/
homeland "hac mhend/
Immigration /trm'q rctj n/
immigrati on policy /mu'q rerj n
.p olosi/
King Ik IQ!
law 110:1
left-wing I' lef l wlQI
legislate l'Ied31SIeltl
legislation lled3ls'lclJnl
liberal "hbral/
lo cal ele ction 1,l, okl t'Iekjn/
local government !,I~ o k l
'qxvon mom/
/rr'pebhk/
Politics
act (of pa rlia me n t) /rekt/
ambassador l.rm ' b ;c s~ ~( r )1
activist I'C:CktlVIstl
agitator l' a:d 3 I t e u ~( r )1
anarchist I \c n ~ kis tl
hill (o f parli am ent) / b rl/
cabinet minister "k.e bma t
,mll1 lst:,)(I')1
c h a m be r (o f pa rliame n t)
I' IJcnnb,( r)1
city co u n ci l I ,sn i 'ka u nscl/
city h all /.sni 'hJ:1!
civil servant 1,51\"1 'ss.vont/
com m u n ist " komj omst/
Co ng ress I'kol)gresl
Co n g ressm a n / Co n g ressw o m a n
(USA ) " konqrcsman I
'krebma t/
/ k cn's arvouv/
diplomat "dtplarruet/
elec tio n /i'lekJnI
e m b assy "embosi/
general el ection l , d 3c nr~ 1 t'Iek jn/
go ve r n I'gA,,;)n!
government (A mE ad ministra tio n)
Economy
bank account "benk akaon t/
black m arket I ,bl:<k 'murkn/
budget I' bAd31t1
business "brzrus/
change ItJell1dy
co in I k .J1Il1
co m m erce "koma.s/
crash !kneJ!
currency l' kAr;)nsil
debt /dct/
devaluation (of currency)
l ' g A v~ n m ;) n tl
I,haos ov
'Io:dzl
/ekc'n onuk/
fund IfAndl
gross national product (G NP )
l,grJos mejonl 'p r rxl.vkt/
income "mkxm/
industry /'md astri /
inflation /m'flct j n/
invest /tn'vest/
investment /m'vcstmant/
market I 'mo :k ltl
(ba n k)n o te In, 0I1
payment "per mont/
rate of inflation I, ren J V m'flc tjn/
rec ession /rt'sej n/
sa ve Isclvl
spend /spend/
tax / treks/
trade deficit "trcrd defrsn /
workforcc I' w 3:k fJ :sl
'mtrustal r j/
Qu een I k w i:nl
radical "rted rkl/
referendum /refa'rendom/
reform In 'form/
Representative (USA ) /re prt'zcntat tv/
republican /n'pebh ku/
resign In 'zaml
resignation /rezrq'n erj n/
nght -wlng "ranwnj/
rule (wrb) !ru :11
secretary (o f sta te) "sek rcrri/
Senate (USA) I'sen, tI
Senator (USA) I'sen, I>(r)1
(i n ) session I'seJn!
Shadow Ca h in et (UKj 1.J:cd, o
level
3 Sh~ps and
services
Food
meat
bacon
beef
"berkn/
!bi:fl
c h icke n I'tJlklnl
co ld cu ts " kcold kat s/
game Igcmtf
gammon I'g;cmdl1l
ham Ib'em/
lamb Ihc ml
(fatly / lea n) m eat Imi:tI
meatball "mi.tbx l/
mince (m inced meat ) /m ms/
mutton l' mAtnl
pork !po:kl
poultry "pao ltri/
red meat I' red mi. t/
salami /sa'kn mi/
sausage I'sosld:y'
(well do ne / med iu m / rare) steak
/stctk/
turkey I'IJ:kil
veal I vi:1I
venison I'venlsnl
white m eat "wan mi :tl
fish
ca rp Ik o:pl
catfish I'k<c lflJI
cod
I k odl
fillet I'fIinl
fish and c h ips l,flJ end 'tjrps/
haddock "h tedak/
herri ng "hcrnj/
lobster l 'lobst, (r)!
mackerel I'm.ckr;)l!
mussels (pi) "mx slz/
oyster /';:)(st;1(r)1
WO RD BANK
14S
pike /pa tk
perch I P3:tII
p rawn I prJ:nl
salmon I' sa~ m ~ n/
sardine Iso:'di:n/
seafood I'si:ru:dl
scampi I' sk,c mp il
shellfish !'Jcl f lI I
trout
tun a
blueberry I'blu:boril
(sweet / so ur) cherry "tjeri/
co co n u t I' b o b ni\t/
(b lac k / red ) currant I' k.\IOnll
g ooseberry I'go zbJril
grape /q rctp/
Itrao t!
I' tj u : n ~1
dairy product s
butter
lime
I' b,\ t ~( r )/
Ima :d3;l'ri:n/
I' mmsmi:tJ
(apple) pi e Ipat!
whipped crea m I,Wlp l 'kri:m1
have a swee t tooth z.hrev a swi:t
'lu:OI
things add ed to food
h erbs (1'1) /ha.bz/
ketchup I' ketI Apl
mayonnaise
mustard
oil
/mera'n erz/
I' m i\st:xil
1:)11/
l 'vlll lg:>( r )/
fruits
apple I' pll
apricot I'clpn kotl
146
WO RD BANK
/la rm/
mango
I'miCl)gJu!
melon z'meton/
o ra n ge I' ormdy
pea ch I pi:III
pear l peo(r)1
pineapple I'pa ma:pll
plum IplAml
raspberry I'ro:zb;lril
strawberry I'str;,:bJ ril
watermelon I' \\'o : t ;lm e l ~n/
vegetables
asparagu s /:Js' piC r~ Js/
auhergine (A mE eggpla nt )
I' JOb3:3i:nl
avocado
!<cV:'l'ku:dJol
(green) beans (1'1 ) /bimz/
broccoli
cabbage
"brnkcli/
I'k bid:)!
carrot
l' k,Cf:lt/
cauliflower l'knIIOa uJ(r)/
Qua nt it ies
bag (of flour) Ib<egl
bottle (of jui ce / m ilk) "bctl/
box (of choco lates) Iboksl
can (of lem onade / co la) Ik ol
carrier bag " ke n o , b;:(~ g l
carton (of juice / milk) I' ko:lnl
jar (of jam / honey) Id30 :(r )1
loaf of bread J.I~of av 'bredl
packet (of biscuits / crisps / cerea l)
I' p<ekIlI
tin of (sa rd ines) 1,1In vt
tub of (margarin e) l ,lAb ovt
(3) kilos (of potatoes) I' ki:l, oz!
(200) grams (of cheese) /qnemz/
(h alf a) litre (of milk) 1'li:l o(r)1
Meals
be full I bi 'foil
be hungry Ib i ' h A IJ ~J r i l
clear th e table I ,klra 00 'tctbl/
course I k;:>:sl
ea t out li:t 'a ut/
helping I' h e l p l ~1
la y the table 1,Iel 00 'terbl/
meal Imi:l/
packed lunch / pie kt 'IAotII
picnic "prkruk/
sn ac k Ismc k!
tea Iti:1
working lunch IW3:k ll) 'IA01JI
Restaurants
t ypcs of rest aurants
buffet ca r "bufc: ko:(r)1
canteen / kren' ti .n/
cafe I' k:cfc ll
pub IpAbl
self-service restaurant
/sclf' saivrs
.restront/
snack bar I' sn:c k hu:(r)/
take-away "tcrkcwe r/
in a restaurant
beverage (fc>r1llaf) " bcvcn dy
bill IbIlI
hook a table (A m reserve a table
/ ma ke a reser vati on ) I,bo k
'tetbl/
m ain co u rse I,me m 'kccs/
menu I' menj u:1
order (st h)
1'0:do(r )1
/self'sa.vrs/
I' S3:VISI
self-service
service
service chargc 1'53: \, 15 IJo:uy!
sta rte r I' slo:t:J(r)1
table service I' telbl S3:VlsI
tip (fo rmal 1'1 gratuities) IIIpl
waiter I' we u ~( r )/
waitress I' wCItfJsI
win e list I' wa m h 511
Shopping
types o f sh o ps
baker's " berkoz/
booksh op I' bokIopl
butcher's "botjoz/
chain sto re l 'tJcm 5tJ :(r )1
c h e m ist's "kenusts/
clothes s ho p I' klooOz Iopl
d eli catessen (infurma l d eli )
/dehka't csn/
shoe sh o p
l'J u: Jopl
sta ti o ne r's
"sterjanaz/
supermarket
"su.pcmc.k u/
go ing sh opping
bargain I'ba:gml
broken
browse
"brcok nz
/brauzJ
bu y in t he sa le I,ba l
grant (a loan)
III
cb
'sed/
in surance
/g ra :ntl
Im'JOJfJns!
cash I ka:JI
ch ang in g room I' tJemd311] ru:ml
c h ec ko u t "tjekaot/
insured
investment portfolio
fit (verb)
I flu
fitt i ng ro om t full) ru:m/
free (of cha rge) I fri:1
'stok/
Im 'Jo;xl/
px t'Icoh oc /
It w nl
I'nlA ni tn.cnsf3:(r )!
mortgage i' mo:gldy'
pa y interest / per 'mtrost/
payoff (de bt / a loan) / per 'ofl
(ins ura nce) premium "prkmiam/
savings account I'SCIVII)Z a.kao nt/
stockbroker "stukbraokatr j/
stock market investor I,stnk mcr ku
m oney tran sfer
withdraw m oney
4 Home
"[ op o.srstont/
/tnvestmam
m'vestatrj/
/ rt't ain/
sa le Iscil/
s ho p ass is ta n t
fW3:k/
Advertising
a dvertise
I'<edvatalzl
a d ve rt(isem e nt) (in formal ad)
l' :.e d v3:tl
p os te r I' pousto(r)1
publicity Ip., b' lIsotil
slogan 1', Iougonl
Types of housing
bedsitter (illformal bed sit)
IbedSI to(r)1
bl ock of flats (A mE apa rtme nt
block) I,blok av 'fhets/
bungalow I' bAQgolool
co tt age I' kolIdy'
d et ached h ouse /d r.tan j t 'haosl
far m h o u se I' fa :mhaosl
flat (A mE apa rt men t) lIla:tl
penthouse
tower block
"taoa blokl
part-furni sh ed
I' pa:tf3:n1Ju
spacious I'SpCISJS!
tin y /' ta mi/
un furnished I An'[3:0I1tl
w ell maintai ned /wet mcm'temd/
with all modern conveniences
(informal mod cons) /WIO ,.:>:1
m od o kan'vimran srz/
Location
ca p ita l (city)
"kscput/
" kxntrisaid/
"kau nti/
"drstrtkt/
farmland /fcrmkend/
hamlet I'ha:mlou
h om e town
/hao m 'tac n/
o ld town
fm'vest!
loan
co u n ty
d is t ri ct
(t he) cou n t ry
I'kAntril
o u ts kirts
In t he h o u se
attic I' reukl
b alcon y "brelkani/
basem ent I' bclsm:lntJ
cella r I'sel* )'
ch im ney I' tJmm il
dow ns ta irs /dao n 'steoz/
drain pipe "dretn parp/
drive /d ra rv/
fence /fensl
floor Ino:(r)/
flo we rbe d "flaoobcd/
ga rag e I'grero:y'
(fron t / bac k) garden I' ga:dnl
ga te Igelu
lawn Ibm/
letter box "le ta boksl
loft 110ft!
ro o f Iru:fl
stai rca se "sreokc rs/
sta irs /s t e~zJ
upst a irs I h p' stC;)z}
w all I\\'~: II
(fro n t / back) ya rd (A ll/E) Ij a:dl
equipment / decoration
blind Iblamdl
ca rpe t I' ka :plu
ce ili ng I'si:hlJl
cen t ra l heati ng r.sem rol 'hirun/
cu rt a in I' k3:tn!
flo or lno :(r)1
lamp /le mp/
light bulb "lan balb/
net cu rt a in I ,net 'kann /
radiator I' re l d l e l t ~( r )/
wi n dow sill I' wlOdJO sIll
bathro om
ba th (tu b) I ba:81
laundry basket I' b :nd ri bc isk rt/
mirror / 'mlr;"l(r)1
plughole l' plAghooll
ra zo r
I' rclz:l(r)!
WORD BANK
147
cush io n
l' koJnl
fireplace "fatoplcrs/
furniture 1'f3:nltJd(r)1
rug !r!ly l
settee Isc' l i:1
sofa (A IIIE co uc h) "saofa/
stere o "stcna o/
tel evision se t l ' t el ~w l 30 set!
V CR (Vi deo cassette recorder)
Ivi: si: 'u:(r)!
wallpaper I'w, :lpelpo(r )1
kitchen
coo ke r I' ko ko(r)1
c u p bo a rd " kebcd/
dishwa sher I'dIJwoJ, (r)1
drain in g b oa rd /' d remuJ b::>:dl
fr eezer I' fr i : z~ r )1
frid ge Ifn dy'
kitch en table /krtj m 'tetbl/
m ic rowave (oven) "rnark rawcrv /
o ve n I',w nl
refrigerator In 'fn d3.1relt.1(r)1
r u n n ing wa te r 1,T.\ OIIJ 'w::>:t;:l(r)1
sin k ISIQkl
washing m a chine I'WOJII)
ma.j im/
hall
back d oor /brek 'd, :(r)1
coat hook "knot ho kl
doorbell I'd, :bel!
doormat I'd:'l:ma:tl
front door /frxnt 'd:'l: (r )1
l,tJcmd3 a
'Iau bxlb/
decorate I'dckoreltl
DIY (do-it-yourself)
148
WORD BAN K
/dir a r 'wall
dustpan I'd!lsp<enl
fi x / frks/
install I m 'st:'l:11
leak Ili:kl
maintenan ce " mem tancns/
mend Imcndl
m op (t he fl oor) /mop/
pain t / pe rnt/
put (st h) in /pu t '101
redecorate / rir'd ekarert/
repair In ' peo(r )1
tile (verb) / ta rl/
va c uu m cl ean er "va-kj uam kli:n.1( r)1
flatm at e (A mE roomma te )
"fl.etmen/
for sa le I f, 'setl/
furni shed I'f3:mJtl
inclusi ve / m'k lutstv/
interest rate "mtrost ren /
landlad y "ke ndlerdi/
landlord I'hond b :dl
let (a fla t ' a h ouse) (A mE ren t o ut)
I lel!
5 Nature
Weather
general impression
awful /,, :01
bad /b a-d /
beautiful I'bju:lJfII
blue Iblu:J
b oiling (inforlllal) l ' b, i1 ' QI
ch illy I' IJilil
cl ear sky /khc 'ska J!
close I k l;lUs!
cloud y I'kla odil
co ld /k oc ld/
drought Id rao tl
dry spell I'd ra l spe l/
dull Id AII
fine Ifaml
fog If ogl
foggy I' fogil
go rg eous l'g;,:d3:>sl
heat Ihi:tl
heatwave I'hi:twclvl
horrible "horcbl/
hot Ihotl
humid "hju .mrd/
humidity /hj ur'nud ati/
lovely I'Lw lil
mist / nus t/
misty J'01 lstil
nice Ina[sl
overcast " co vcko .st/
scorching I'sk;,:tJIIJI
s u n ny l'sAnil
t errible I'ten bll
warm IWJ:m1
rain y / wet
b e so a ke d /bi 'scu kt/
d e w Idj u:1
dri zzle I'd nzl!
flood m Adl
hail Ihclll
h ailst one " hcilstoo n/
lightning I' la' ImQI
puddle I'r Ad11
p our down I' p;,: da o nl
(heavy ' ligh t) ra in Ireml
raindrop J'rcmd ro pl
ra in fa ll I' remb :1!
rain y I' rcmil
showe r /'fam (r)1
sh o we ry "[aoori/
soaking w et l , s~ o k I IJ 'wctl
sto rm /sto.m/
thund er I' OAndo(r)1
wet Iwetl
windy
blow /bloo/
breeze /bri.z'
gale Igcill
gale force wind /qcrl fc.s 'wind/
hurricane J'h!lflknl
still IsIIlI
tornado /tor'nerdao/
Wo rds in blue suggeste d for the Higher level
wind y I 'wmd il
snowy
aval an che l' a: v ~ l o : n t fl
blizzard z'bhzed /
freez e If r i:zJ
fr eezing I'fri:zll)l
fr eezing co ld (informa l) Ifri:zlI]
'kao ld/
fr ost I f rostl
fros ty I'frostil
ice l alsl
icy "arsi/
m elt I meltl
sleet Isli:t1
slipp ery I' s h p ~ r il
thaw 100:1
weather fo recast
above ze ro IJ,b,\V 'zroreo /
bel o w zero Ibl,IJO 'zrarau/
cha ngea b le I'tJcmd3Zlbll
cl ear up Ikilo(r) "' pi
d egrees (Ce n t igrade = Ce lsius /
Fa h ren he it) Id l'gri:zI
(wa rm / co ld weat her) front
I fr" nll
season I'si:znl
s p ring Ispn I]1
su m mer /' s,\m;)( r)1
winter I' w m t ~( r )1
Plants
b ra nch /bru.nt]?
bush I buJI
fertiliser I' f3:tJi,lIZ;)(r)/
fl ower I' Oa o;)(r)/
fruit I fru :tl
fu n g us (pI fungi) I' f" qgosl
garden I'yo:d nl
grass Ig ro :sl
greenhouse I'gri:nhaosl
grow plants I g r;)o 'pla:ntsl
lea f (p i iea ves) Ili:fl
moss Imosl
pesticide "pcsttsatd/
petal I' peti!
pot plant 1'1'01 1'10:1111
Words in blue suggested f or t he Higher leve l
Animals
bird /ba.d/
breed Ibri:dl
carnivore I' ka:mvJ:(r)1
d omestic animal /d o.mcsuk
'en nns l/
mammal
I' nla.~ m ll
predator "predatatrl/
prey /prer/
repti le I'repta lil
species (sillg ll lar) l'spi:Ji:zI
Pets
bark (verb) Iba:kl
bat Ib'etl
bowl I boo ll
cage Ikeld:;!
ca na ry /ko'n eori/
ca t flap I'ka:1 n,epl
claw Ikb :/
coat I k;)ot!
collar I'kolo(r )1
(ca t / dog / fish ) foo d I f u:dl
fur I f3:(r )1
gold fis h I'gooldflJI
guinea pig I'gmi plgl
hamst er I' h,emsl , (r )1
h o u se-tra ined I'haostremdl
keep (a pet ) I k i:pl
kennel I' kenll
kitt en I' knnl
lead Il i:dl
leash l li :JI
look a fte r Ilo k 'a:ft o( r )1
muzzle I' m.\ zll
paw I po:1
pedigree I' ped ly r i:1
pet shop "pet Jopl
puppy I' PApil
purr Ip:,=(r )1
rabbit " nc bn/
rat I r<e tl
sn a ke /snerk/
stroke (verb) /stroo k/
turtle 1'13:111
ve t (veteri nary su rgeon) Ivetl
wag (a tail) Iw a~ gl
whin e Iwaml
Environment
environmental d am a ge
acid rain !<csld 'rem/
(bus h / forest) fire I'fal, (r)1
become ex ti nct /br.kxm rk'sunk t/
burn rubbish l ,b3:n 'fA blJI
car ex ha us t fum es I ,k o :( r )
19'Z;):st fju:m zJ
carbo n di o xide I,ko:bn
dar' oksard /
deforest ati on I'di:fon s,tclf nl
d estro y /d r'stror/
di e o u t /dar 'aut/
d rought Id rau tl
ea r t h q ua ke 1'3:0kwelkl
eco-frie n d ly /itkoo'frend li/
envlro n men ta lly fri endl y
/mva tran.mentali 'frendlil
flood m Adl
gl obal warming I,gloo bl
'wu rm nj /
WO RD BANK
149
6 School
Types of schools
h oard ing
college I'kohdy
co m p re h e n sive " kompn'h ensrw
e le m e n t a ry l'elJ'mentril
g ra m m a r sc hoo l "q ra-ma sku:l/
inde pe nd ent "md t'pcndant/
mix ed " mrkst/
primary "prannari/
privalc "pra tvat/
publi c school (lirE) I' pAbhk sku:1I
se co n da ry sc hoo l (A mE hig h
school)
"sekandri sku:l/
I'bi
tk'skl urdrd/
I'bi
rk's pcld /
People in a school
class mat e " klo.smcn/
(persona l) tutor 1'lj u:lo(r )1
college st u d e n t I' kohd3 stj u:d ntl
d eputy head (m aster ) (A mE ass ista nt
p rinci pa l) I,depj uli 'hed!
exa m iner
Scho o l building
bl a ckboard "bhekbccd/
board pen "bo.d pen/
board rubber "bo.d "bo(r)!
ca n tee n I' kren'ti:nl
ch a lk I 'lf o:kl
classroom I'klo:sru:ml
co m p u t e r lab "kam'pj u.ta .he b/
des k I' deskI
!''Y111 (gym n asiu m) I'd3un/
h all I'bo:lI
h eadm a st er's office l' ,hedmo:stJz
' Dflsl
IT / Ic r unit / su ite I'al 'ti: I ar si:
'ti: j u:nrt / swi:t/
laboratory (informal lab)
"Io'b nrotri/
W ORD BANK
Studying at school
be a t a class / les son I'bi et J 'klo:s
I lesn/
b e in cl a ss I' bi 111 'klo :sI
cop yboo k I'kopibo kl
co u rseboo k I' b :sbokl
exerci se- boo k "cksosa rz bok /
deadlin e I'dedlaml
d o . .. I' du:1
an ex ercise I'Jn 'eksasa rz/
a task I'J 'to:skl
an act ivity I'Jn tek't tvat i/
one's best I'WAI1Z 'bestl
project work I' prod3ekt wark/
hom ework "hac mwark/
extra les sons "eksrra 'lcsnzJ
folder rroo ldo(r )1
(do / get / give / set / h a nd in )
h omework "hcomwaik/
learn (st h / about st h ) I' la:nl
learn b y h eart 1'13:n ba r 'bo:Ii
m ake . .. "merk/
mistakes " m rs'terks/
n otes "naots/
a presentation I'J prezn'terjn/
progress "praoqres/
marks I' mo:ksl
m emorise "mcmararz/
n otebook "nao tbuk/
p a rticipate " pc c'us rpcn/
report I 'n ' p:>:tl
sc h ool t rip I'sku:l 'trtp/
set books I'set 'boksl
so lve a problem l' ,sDlv J 'problem/
School year
break "brerk/
(su m mer / winter / Ch rist mas /
Easter) b reak "brcrk/
class I' kla:sl
fre e period (A mE) I f ri: 'pl, riodl
holid a ys (A mE vac at io n) "h ohderz/
lesson (A mE period) l 'lesnl
lunch break l' IAntJ brcrk/
re ce ss (A mE) "ri-ses/
semester (A mE) I' s~ ' m c s t J( r )!
term I't3:m/
tim et abl e (AmE schedule)
" ta rm tcrbl/
Exa m in a ti o ns
a ssess I' ~ ' se s/
a sse ss men t "o'scsmcnt/
c h ea t (in an exa m) !'tJi:tl
(exa m resul ts) come out " kxm 'autl
do (an exa m) I' du:1
d o (we ll / ba dly) in an ex a m I 'du:
In
an rq'ztem/
I' sl Ad il
School subjects
Art l' a:t1
Bio logy I' bal'olod3il
Business St u dies "brznr s stxd rz/
Ch em ist ry "kemrstri/
Co m p u te r Studies (I T! In form ati on
Tech n ology) "karn'pj uta stxd rz/
co m p u lso ry "kom'palsari/
c u r ricu lu m " ko'n kjalcm/
ext ra-cu rric u lar act iv it ies
I' ekstraka,n kjala rek't1VI UzJ
Words in blue suggested for the HIgher level
7 Work
Types o f work
blue-collar worker l ,blu:koIJ
'w3:k,(r)1
ca reer IkJ 'f1;l(r)1
duty I'dj u:lil
employ (sb) /rm'plar/
e m p lo yee I lm pl:-u ' i:1
employer h m' p b l ~( r)l
e m p loy me n t / rm'plorm om/
freelancer I' fri : l o : n s~( r )1
full-time job /fo ltarrn 'd30bl
h ard work Iho :d 'wark/
job Id30bl
manual work "m.enj uol wa.k/
occupation /nkja'perj n/
o d d jobs I' od ,d30bzJ
part-time job /pc rttarm 'd30bl
permanent job l,p3:mJn:lnt 'd30bl
physical work /Trzrkl ,w3:kl
profession /prc'fej n/
professional (110 1111) /pra'fej nl/
self-employed /selfun 'plord/
skilled work IskJid 'wa:kl
t emporary job I'tempr, ri ,d30bl
un skilled work /e n'skrld .wark/
work IW3:kl
w ork for (sb ) "wark f,( r)1
w ork fr eel ance I ,W3:k 'fri :lo:ns/
work from home I,W3:k from
'hco rn/
At work
assist 1;)'slst!
be in c ha rge (of st h / sb) Ibi 10
'tJo:d}!
be nefi ts "bencfus/
be o n call Ibi on 'b :11
be re sponsible (fo r st b / sb) Ibi
ns'ponsobl/
bonus " boo nos/
busy I' blzil
cloc k off (info rma l) Iklok 'ofl
clock o n (informal) Iklok 'on/
co ncen t ra te (o n st h) " konscntrcn/
d eadline "dcdlam/
do a job /d ur a 'd30bl
ea r n one 's living (as) 1,3:n wa nz
'h vuj /
ea r n in gs (pi ) 1'3:l1I lJ zi
fee m:1
fill in (fo r sb) IfJi 'ml
get a pay rise / a raise Iget J 'per
ra tz I J 'rclzl
get promoted I get prc'maott d/
give (sb) a hand I ,glv , 'ha -nd/
income I' mk" m1
make a lo ss /rnetk a 'losl
m ake a profit /merk ~ 'profu /
man age I'm<.e l1ldy
management "me mdgme nt/
m atern it y cove r /ma't a.mti , k A v ~ r )1
off duty lof 'dj u:li/
on duty Ion 'dj u:ti/
(work / d o ) o ver ti me "ao vetatm/
overworked I :JOVJ'W3:k tl
pay Ipell
payment "permcnt/
pay rise I' PCI rarz/
perks (pi ) Ip3:ksl
raise (lIoun) Irelzi
run (a co m pa ny) I r Al11
salary I'sa:IJ ril
slow down IslJO 'dao nl
stand in (fo r sb ) /ste nd '101
take things easy /teik ,O'QgZ 'i:zil
take over (fro m sb ) /tetk 'Jo vJ(r)1
teamwork I'ti:rnw3:kl
wages I'wcld31z!
work long hours I ,W3:k 10 1) 'ao oz/
Not working
be made redundant I bi .mcrd
n'd cnd ont/
be o n t he d ol e (informal) Ibi .on OJ
'dcol/
dismiss (!e)fl nal) /d ts'nu s/
fire (sb) (in formal ) I' fal, (r)1
give (sb) th e sack (illforma l) /q rv ,),
'sa-k/
give up (A mE q ui t) work
'wa.k/
People at work
assi stant /a' srstcnt/
boss Ibosl
colleague I'koli:gl
employee IimpbJ' i:l
employer iIm'pb l, (r)1
lin e m an a ge r l'la m m<.emd3J(rl l
manager I' m <.e n l d 3~ ( r )1
staff Ista:fl
team Iti:ml
w orker (e.g. in a fac to ry) I' w3:ko(r )1
Ig lv AI'
WOR D BANK
151
Jo bs
a cademi c
/icka'd crmk/
'pc;)(r)/
/ ;) 0
barrister (A mE attorney)
I' b ,~ n s t ;'l( r )1
/kam.pj urta
con d uc tor
Ik ;m 'd Akt:>(r )/
/kon'sxltom/
co nsulta n t
co o k Ikukl
d entist "dentist/
(film ) directo r /dat'rektatrj/
doctor l 'd ok to(r )1
dress m aker f'd res m Cl b(r)!
(bus / lorry / tax i / AmE ca b) driver
l 'd n uvJ(r )/
driving instructor
"dra rvm
m .strxk tatrj/
economist
elect rici a n
!I 'k nnonus t/
/clak't rtj n/
engineer
ex ec u t iv e /rq' zckjou v/
fa ctory worker "frek tcri w 3:kJ( r)1
farmer l 'fo:m;l(r )1
firefight er I' fa I J fa n ~( r ) 1
flight attendant "flan J tendan t/
hairdresser I' hc~ res~ r)/'
housewife "haoswa rf/
interior d ecorator IIn ucria
'dckarcrtotr j/
'
WORD BA NK
scientist "sarcnus t/
sc u lp to r I'skAlpto(r)1
secre ta ry "sekratri/
security gu ard /sr'kjo en ti go :dl
shop assistant "[ np J,slstJntl
shopkeeper l'J opki:po(r)1
soci a l worker I's;)oSI w 3:kJ(r)1
so lici t or ISJ 'hsItJ(r)1
stoc kb ro ke r I'stokbrJukJ(r)1
surge on I's3:d3JnI
t ailor I'te" ;>(r)!
teacher I' t i:tJ;>(r )1
ti cket in spector " nku m,spekt J{r)1
translator Itr:.cnz'lenJ(r)1
tra vel a ge n t "trrevl eld3Jn t!
TV presenter Iti: 'vi: prt .zent atr j/
vet (vete rina ry su rgeo n I doctor)
/vet
Diet
(be / go on a ) diet /' da'ot!
high (in ca rbo h yd ra tes) /ha u
lo se weight l .J u:z 'WCIl/
Jow-calorie di et /lao .ktelari 'darat/
low-fat di et 11:>0 / <l:t 'd a rat/
put o n wei ght Ipo t on 'wen!
rich (in protein ) I ntJI
sli m m ing diet I'shmllJ data t/
vegan I'vi:gJIlI
vegetarian Ivcd3J'tc;JriJnl
w eight loss programme I'WCII 10s
.prao qne rn/
8 Health
Health problems
/a'd rk ud/
Ibi
addicti on /a'drk j n/
allergic (to cats) 10'13,d3Ikl
all ergy l '<cl od3il
appendicitis /o.pcndr's arus/
backache "b.ekcrk/
bedridden "bcdnd n/
blister /' b1lsto(r )1
(h igh / low) hlood pressure l 'blAd
,prcJo(rjl
broken (a rm ) "braok n/
cancer I' ka:ns;J(r )1
casualty I'k,c30J1til
(have a ) co ld /koold/
co ug h I k ofl
di abetic /da ro'bcuk/
(physica lly / mentally) di sabled
/d ts'e rbld/
ea rac he I' IJrclkl
fa ta li ty I fo'tlClot il
feel (a bit) off-colour (i nfo rma l)
l ,fi :1 of 'b lo(r)!
fee l (a bit ) und er th e w eather
(in f orma!) l ,fi :1 .\ ndo 00 '\\eo* )1
feel a hit po orl y l ,fi :1 0 bit 'po:lil
fee l di zz y l, fi :1 'd rzi/
feel drowsy l ,li :1 'draozi/
feel sic k m:1 'stk/
feel terrible m :1 'tcrrbl/
fev er I' fi :vo(r )1
fev erish I' fi:\'JflJI
flu /flut/
food p oi soning I'fu:d P.JIZ;)1lI1J1
headache "hcderk/
heart attack I'ho:t o,tlCkl
hurt /han/
(critica lly / seriously / ter min all y) ill
1" 1
Inot 'fi:1
Treatment
(fee l) as go od as n ew (informa l)
.ood JZ 'nj u:1
be better /b i ' beto(r )1
b e ex a m in ed Ibi 19'z..emmd l
(medica l I d ent al) c hec k- u p
IJZ
l 'tJek Apl
Healthcare
A I'< E (BrE Accid ent an d Emergency)
(A mE ER, Emergen cy Room) l el
.:md 'i:1
ca sua lty I'k..e3U;Jltil
chemist's I' kenllstsl
c o ns u lta n t / kon 's.vlton t/
dentist "denus t/
doctor I'J okt, (r)1
GP (BrE Gen era l Practitioner) Id3i:
'pi:1
health care centre "helukec scn t~ r)/
h ealth clinic I' helO khmk/
h ospital "hospn l/
(t a ke) m edical lea ve I' med lkl li:vl
n 11 rse In3:s/
patient I' pctJntl
private medicine l ,pnuvll 'medsu/
public healthcarc l,pAbhk
'heiOke, (r)1
specialist I'speJJllstl
su rg eon I 'S3:d3Jnl
s u rge ry l's3:d3Jril
wa rd I\\,.):d!
Alternative medicine
ac u p u nct u re l' a:kj up,\ lJ ktJJ(r)/
acu punctu rist /rekj u'P,\ I] kt] ar tst/
aromathcrapy /a.r ao ma'Uerapi/
arom a therapi st IJ, fJilJ11J 'OCf:tPlstl
faith healing I'fCIO hi:IIIJI
fa it h h ealer l 'felO hi:io(r)!
h erbal m edicine l, h3:bl 'rncdsn/
h erbali st I' h3:b;.lll stl
h omeopath y /hco mi'npatli/
h orncopath "haomrcop..e91
osteo pa t hy l osti'opJOil
osteo pa t h l' ostl;lo, p.cOI
reflexology Iri:Oeks'olJd3il
refl exologist Iri:llcks'oIJd31stl
9 Sport
Sport
spo rts a n d sp o rts peo p le
archer l'o:tJ, ( r )1
arch ery l'o:tJJril
athlete I';eOi i:t1
athletics (siugular) I",O'letJksl
ba seball l 'bclsb:dl
basketball !'hu:skllhJ:11
boxer " boksom /
bo xing "boksnj/
c ross-c o u n t ry sk ii n g l ,krnskAntri
'ski:IIJI
discus "drskcs/
diver I' dalvJ( r)1
divin g I'dalvll]l
downhill skiing I,J ao nhJi 'ski:JQI
fencer I' fensJ(r)/
fencing "fcnsm/
football (AmE soccer) l'folbJ:11
go lf Igoif!
golfer I' gDif, (r )1
g ym n a st I'd31mmcstl
gymnastics Id3lm'mestlksf
hamm er throw(ing) " hscma
doping I'ddOPII)1
draw Id r.:l:!
drug test I'd rAg test!
fan I f nl
fi eld I fI:IJI
ga me Igemll
goa l Ig, o ll
goalkeeper I'g, olki:p, (r)1
gym (gy m nasiu m ) 1<131011
ice ska te s (p i ) l'..lI S skens/
net Inetl
Olympic games /altm ptk 'g CIJ117J
(foo tba ll I ru gby / hockey) pitch
I plt JI
Or;lu l
Words
In
WO RD BANK
153
fast lanz/
tea m sport
/SJ'p:l:tJ(r )/
/ 't i:m sp.J:tl
u mp ire
doing a spo rt
d o ... Idu:1
ae ro bics /ea'r ao brks/
high I lo n g ju mp "har / '101)
d 3!~mp l
Ilu:z/
pl a y .. . /pler/
hridge I'bfldyl
foot ball l'fo tbo:iI
tennis "terns/
(set / b rea k / eq ual a) record
I' rcko:dl
10 Free time
and culture
Art
art festival 1'0:1 fesuv l/
a rt gallery I'o:t ga:l;;Jril
art studio I ' o:t stj utdtcu/
artist " omst/
b a ckground I'ba:kgrao ndl
ca n va s " ken vos/
design /dt'z a m/
draw (in pen / pencil / ch arco al)
Id ro:1
W ORD BA NK
flop /flopl
ho rror I' h o r;;J( r )1
interval (in a play) I'mtJVJI!
leading rol e /Iitd nj 'raol/
literary "htarari/
litera ry criticism l,htJrJri 'kr tusrzm/
lo ve st o ry l'IAv st:>:ril
leading rol e lIi:dlIJ ' r~'10 1!
musical Z'rnjurztkl/
non- fi ction "nunfrkjn /
novel I'novll
novelist "n cvolrst/
performer Ip:J'f:>:mJ(r)1
performance /pa'fo.mcns/
play /pler/
repo rt
In' pJ:t/
reporter
/ n ' pJ : t ~( r )/
brzn rs/
soa p (o pera )
/sac p/
weekl y (magazine)
Leisure time
as k (sb) out lo :sk 'ao tl
e n te rta in m e n t /cnta'tcm mant/
f ree tim e Ifri: 'tarm /
go (swim m in g I dancin g I to the
cine m a I to a co nce rt) Ig;wl
go out (with frien ds) /qao 'a ot!
(have I tak e up a) h obhy I'hobiJ
list en (to music I to the rad io)
I'hsn/
o ut d oo rs (adv) /ao t'd a.z/
(h ave I throw I go to a) party
I'pu:tiJ
pass time Ipo:s 'tarrn/
pla y (cards I chess I te nn is I
hasketball I th e piano I the
drum s) Iplcl!
pl a y (video I co m pute r I boa rd)
ga mes / plc r 'qermz/
read (boo ks I magazin es I co mic s)
I'wi:klil
/k nri'pqrafi/
dance Idu:nsl
folk Ifoo kl
gro u p Igru:pl
(a number o ne I a sm ash ) h it !hIt!
ja zz Id:;.ezl
lyrics (s;tJgll lar) I'hn ksl
musical "mj urzrk l/
opera I ' npara/
orchestra 1':>:klstrJI
(a m usical) piece Ipi:sl
p op 11'0 1'1
rap Inep!
R & B (rh yt h m a nd blues) I ,u:(r ) on
'bi:1
reggae I' rcgcll
rec o rd (" 01l1l) I' rc k ~1
rel ease (a single I an alb um) In 'li:sl
rhythm In o ml
rock l ro kl
sing ISIIJI
singer I'snp (r)/
so ngw rite r I' s o lJ ra lt ~ r )1
Words in blue suggeste d fo r t he Hig her level
I ri:dl
11 Travel
Means of transport
aero p la ne (A m E airp lan e)
"ecrcplem/
"ea k rurft/
bi c y cle (illform al bik e)
aircraft
" ba rsrkl/
hoat Iboot!
bus I b/l. sl
ca r Ik u:(r )1
coach (BrE) I kootJI
douhle-decker (bus) Idhbl'deko(r)1
ferry /'feril
liner I' l a m ~( r )1
lorry (Am E truc k) I'lnriJ
minibus I' mmibAsI
m otorbike "mao tcba tk/
motorcycl e "moo tosaikl /
on foot l oo 'fo t/
taxi (AmE ca h ) "treksi/
train It rcml
(t he Londo n ) tube (illforma l) Itj u:bl
underground (A mE subway)
l 'AodJg raoodl
van Iva:nl
ya c h t Ijotl
Travelling
(travel) across (Ame rica ) /a'k rns/
(trave l) a ro u n d th e world /a.r au nd
00 'wa .ld/
(o n a) c ru ise Ikru:zJ
depart (fo rma t; Id l' pu:tl
drive rd ra rv/
fill up (wit h petrol ) If,l ' hpl
find (on e's) way Ifamd wc11
(t ake I catc h a) night /flan/
fly 1I1:u1
get a lift (illforll/al) Iget 0 '11ft!
ge t lost Iget 'lost!
give (sb) a lift (inton nai; Ig ,v 0 'Irft/
go I travel (by tra in I by plane I by
boat I by car I on foo t) Igoo I
'tnevl/
WORD BA NK
155
l,po:spJ:t
kan'trao l/
At a hotel
accommodation /akmna'detj n/
11&11 (bed a nd breakfast ) I ,bi: on
'b i:1
156
WORD BAN K
cmajeuuna m /
lounge Ilaund:>/
m ake a reservation
I,mclk
,1
reza'verjn/
reception /rt'scpj n/
receptionist /rt'sepj ru st/
reserve a room /n.s a.v a ' r u:ml
(single I double I twi n ' fam ily)
ro om Ir u:mI
stay a t / in a hotel I,StCI at I m
,1
hco'tel/
su ite Iswi:tI
th ree-st ar hotel I,Ori: sto: hao'tel/
vacancy "verkonsi/
yo ut h hostel I'ju:O hnstal/
Going on holiday
be on a holida y I ,bi on , 'holodei/
bu y so uve n irs I,ba l SU:VJ'I1IJzJ
ca m p / kremp/
ca m psite I'krempsanl
ca ra va n "kteravien/
go (bac kpac king I wa lking I h ikin g I
cyc ling ' ca m p ing) Igool
go o n holiday /qoc O il 'h nlade t/
h a ve a holiday I,hrev ,1 'h nlade r/
h olida y reso rt "h otodcr n ,z:l:tl
h olida ymaker "h otodermerkatrj/
indi vidual holiday /mdt'vtdual
.h nlad er/
12 Science and
technology
Technology in our lives
aeria l I' c ~m ~ lI
a p p lia nce IJ'plaIJI1s!
battery I' bx t ~ ril
button l ' bAt nl
ca b le I'kelbll
c h a rge ItJo:d31
ch a rge r I' tJa:d3, (r )1
co n n ect io n /ka'nckjn/
di gital (watch) I'dl31l11
e lec t ro n ic /rlek't rnntk/
e ng ine l' end3ml
Computers
a p p licat io n /e pn 'kerj n/
CD- rea der Isi:'di:,ri:do(r)1
CD-ROM Isi:di:'roml
C D-w riter Isi:di:'rml;)(r)/
(d o uble-)cl ic k Ik likl
co m p u te r program /k om'pj un au-)
praoqnern/
co m p uter prog ramm er /kam. pj u.ta
'prJogra:mJ(r)1
co n fig ure Ik;)n'flgJ(r)1
co nfigu ration /kcnfr qa'rctj n/
c ras h Ik neII
customise I' kAst:lmarzJ
data I' den ;)1
d a ta ba se I'dCIl:lbelsl
d esktop (co m pu ter) "deskt op/
d o wn load (a file I da ta ) Idao n'loudl
fil e IfaIlI
flop py di sk /flnpi 'd rsk/
h ard d isk Iho:d 'drsk/
h ardwa re /'ho:dwc;)(r)/
install I m 'st ::J:11
IT (info rmatio n tec h nology) /ar 'ti:1
ke y Iki:1
ke ybo ard I' ki:bo:d/
laptop (computer) "heptop/
m emory "memari/
m enu I'mcnj u:/
m onitor I'monnJ(r)/
m o u se Imao sl
o pe n (a p rogram) I'JupJnl
PC (pe rso na l co m puter) /pi: 'si:/
portabl e I'po:lobll
p rin ter I' prmtJ{ r)/
RAM (Random Access Memory)
/nem/
ROM (Read -O nly Me m o ry) lroml
run (a program) I r An /
sca n n e r I'sk<cnJ(r)/
setup /' sctApl
soft wa re I'softwe:l(r)/
surf (the Intern et I the n et I th e web
I th e World Wide Web) ISJ:fl
too lb a r I't u:lbo:(r)1
be o u t of o rder
be p lay ing u p Utlforma/) /bi plcun
meteor l'mi:tIJ(r)1
m eteorite "min rcrau/
o rb it I' o:blll
o u te r s pace /a uta 'spers/
rocket I' ro k nJ
satellite z'se talau/
shoot ing sta r I'Ju:tIl) sto :( r )1
space /spets/
space shutt le I'SPCIS JAt l1
space sta ti o n I'SPCIS sterj n/
space tra ve l "spers tre vl/
spacec ra ft /'s perskrc.n'
spa ceship l 'spelsJlpl
s pacesu it "spcrsu-t/
the unive rse IQd 'j u:I1IV3:s1
UFO (u n ide n t ified fiyin g ob ject )
Ij u: ef ' Jol
voyage I'vJlld:y
'Apl
Space
a lie n "ctlian/
as t ro n a u t l' <c s t r ~n J : tl
co rnet / 'k DIllIII
co u n td o w n "kao ntdao n/
ex t ra tc r rcs t rial I,ckstrate'restridll
laun ch Ib :ntII
la u nc h pad I'b :nlI p.cd/
WO RD BAN K
1S7
1 Family life
Reading
1
2 c
3 a
3 She stayed at hom e to man age the house an d look after the
ch ildre n.
You fin d t he info rma tio n in lines 10 a nd 11.
4 Some people t h in k that the fami ly un it is dying because many
modern fam ilies live diffe rent ly from fi fty years ago.
The first sentence in the final pa ragrap h co n trasts the situa t ion
today with what we read about fi fty years ago in the previou s
pa ragraph, an d tells us what some people th ink abo ut th is
change.
S No . Many couples get married. but others do n 't .
There is a gap in t he sen tence (in line 15) where it should say
wh at some 'o ther' people do, bu t the lin kin g word ' but' tells us it
is th e opposite of wh at ' ma n y people' do.
6 Smalle r.
The last sentence tells us th at 't he size of t he average fam ily is
shri nki ng'.
TIP: Notice that the order of que stion s follows the orde r of
information in the text.
3 READING EXAM
I D
It cannot be H beca use 'when ' introduces t he first of two cla uses
that make up the sentence. Because o f t h is, the second cla use,
which starts with t he ga p, m ust have a main verb .
2 A
The verb ' is' tells us this is a passive sentence, so we need a pas t
par ticiple, but we don 't need to pu t ' is' again . The meaning o f t he
sentence decides whether t he cor rect a nswer shou ld be A, B or J.
3 K
Only two p h rases have a passive verb with an 'is', but only K has
the preposition, wh ich links t he phrase to 'a nuclea r family' after
the gap.
4 B
This continues describing t he nuclea r family, and on ly B is
sui ta ble for t h is fu nction. The prepositio n ' in ' is an other clue
which helps us choose t he right answer.
S G
This is a Simple Past sen te nce, so we need a Sim ple Past verb. J
cannot be correct becau se its meaning doesn't fit t he sentence.
The co llocatio n ' make decis io ns ' shou ld also be fam ilia r.
6
6 LISTENING EXAM
Th e recor d ing gives the following pieces of advice:
A We h ea r 'w hat you really need to assess is thei r mat u rity' as well
as t heir age.
E We hear ' ins tr uct them to a lways keep it in the ir school bag' ,
whe re th e pron oun 'it' refers to the house key.
F We hear 'le ave snacks that they can eat st raight away wit hout
having to cook - using th e cooker is t he leading cause of
accide nts'.
G We hear ' have a med ical kit a nd a fire extinguisher availa ble an d
teach your kids how to use th em ' .
We hea r' lock away ... alcoho lic dr in ks', w hic h gives the same
advice in different words.
~ 01
Use of English
7
J
Th is is th e o n ly answer th at is poss ible gram ma tically a nd th at
also makes sense .
7 E
Listening
4 1 A psycho logist.
2 To parents.
3 Five pieces of advice are mentioned in t he reco rd ing. You mu st
choose t hese out o f ID sen te nces (A-J ).
5 a
The clues that mig ht he lp yo u decide about t he to pic: ' no t to a nswe r
telephone calls ' (in B), 'open t he door' (in C), ' leave your children
alone' (in D), ' ho use key' (in E), 'u se t he cooker' (in F), 'a neighbour'
(in H) - which all suggest a ho me co ntext.
158
TRANSCRIPT
Radio presenter
Good afternoon and welcome to ou r programme, 'Family Tips' . Today
we' re talking abo ut the prob le ms pare nts have in decidi ng when their
children are old enough to stay at home by themselves for the three or
fou r hours between school and the time mo the rs ge t back from work. We
have with us in the stu dio, psychologist Alex Clarke.
Alex, at what age is it safe to give children the front door key and what
sort of things sho uld pa rents discuss with their children first to ensure
thei r safety?
Alex Clarke
It is ge nera lly accep ted that kids between ten and t hirteen are capab le of
taking care of themselves and the ir siblings, but what you really need to
assess is their mat urity. If you're co nfide nt they can follow instructions and
ha nd le emergencies, the next step is to establish some rules. Fi rst, have a
plan of act ion for the m to check in with you when they get ho me - it's
importa nt t hey ring you as soon as they get in. Then you shou ld give
the m a call when you leave work to go home. You should agree what to
do whe n the phone rings or if someone comes to the house. It is best to
teach them neve r to open the door to anyone, rega rdless of whether they
know them or not. Then, little by little, get your children used to a new
situat ion whe re they are left alone - initially for a very short time, say,
about 20 minutes. Make sure that you have a trial pe riod in which your
kids can familiarise themselves with using the house key. Instruct them to
always keep it in their school bag and attac h a long key chain that will
help the m to find the key easily. Make emergency numbers available by
leaving them nea r the phone. l eave snacks that they can eat straightaway
witho ut having to cook - using the cooker is the leading cause of
accident s. Show you r children where the medical kit and fire extinguishe rs
are and teach your children how to use the m. l ock away med icines and
alcoh olic drinks. And do n't forget to talk freq uently to your children about
all sorts of situat ions that might happen. You could even use role play as a
techn ique for showing the m how to dea l with such situations.
3
4
S
6
clean ing
We use 'e njoy' wit h -ing to talk about wha t we like doing.
've clea ned /have cleaned
Presen t Perfect: completed action with relevance to the ti me of
spea king ('already').
are clean ed
Presen t Simple passive (in plura l form) fo r ha bitua l act ion .
is cleaned
Presen t Simp le passive (in singu lar fo rm ) for habitual action.
was clea ni ng
Past Continuous for one act ion at t he tim e of another in the past .
will be cleaned
Future passive to express a stro ng prediction.
S 1 inven tio n
2 arr iva l
3 im proveme n t
4 pu blicat io n
S explanat io n
6 traine r
present.
2 inven ti on
We need a noun after the defi nit e a rticle ' the'.
3 arriva l
We need a no un aft er the def in ite a rticle ' the '.
4 was
The sente nc e co ntinues t he ideas in th e previo us sen te nce, and so
it is t he same ten se: Past Sim p le.
5 are expected
Passive verb in plura l form. The prepc stno n 'by ' is a helpfu l d ue.
6 Improveme nt
A noun fo rm is needed afte r an ar ticle and a n adj ect ive.
19 Possible answers:
do the washing-up
polis h t he orna ments
clea n th e bath
water th e plants
do the hoovering
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP : You must follow the requ irements of the situa tion. Make sure
you talk a bo ut all the three points in the instructions.
As in the exam ple conve rsation in exercise 17, try to show your
feelings in the way you talk.
Picture~based
21
Writing
Writing an email
11
I Yes
2
3
4
5
6
No (not where)
Yes
Yes
No (no t w hen)
Yes
22 1 In
12 Possible answer:
4 on
TIP : You must make sure you include all the points listed in Exercise
1. You will lose marks if you miss this information out.
Pay attention to the word count: don't write too much or too little.
Don't try to include other information - for example, do n't descri be
what food you eat.
3 as
23 SPEAKING EXAM
13 WRITING EXAM
2 F
2 to
TIP: These words usually appear toge ther, so it's a goo d idea to
14 1 '1'
discussion
4 T
S F
6 F
7 T
16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must give all the information req uired :
say who you are desc ribing (for exam ple, ' my co usin Angela')
explain why you like him/ her
de scribe his/ her appearance
say wha t job/studies he/sh e does.
Try to take advantage of the oppo rtunities here:
use a rang e of adjectives and adverbs in your description
write complex sentences to explain the reasons.
Remem ber to write in an informal style.
explain you r ideas. Using the expressions from exe rcise 22 correctly
will help you to presen t you r ideas.
Higher level
Listening
1 I a
17 Possible answers:
1 He's going to clean he r windows.
2 They're going to mee t after school.
3 She's going to help h im with h is English hom ework .
. . 02 TRANSCRIPT
See Key to exercise 18.
3 b
4 b
5 a
6 b
lhlli.
S Angela' s always, tQld he r olde r sbter wha t she sho uld do.
6 Jo h n 's brot her's never s,tlld irc!at un ive rsity.
3 LISTENING EXAM
1 F
Because hi s parents ' moved down here when they decided t hat
th ey wa nted to start a family' - in ot her words, 10 have kid..: Jo hn
and hi s brot her.
Speaking
Situational role-play
2 a
2 F
She asks him, 'do you get on well with your famil y?' , but she
doesn 't say whet her the family seem happy or not .
T
She say she 'ca n 't wait for t his party we' re havin g nex t mo nth .'
John says t hat his brot her is ' away at u n iversity' whe re ' he has a
IQt of fu n'.
1S9
. , 03 TRANSCRIPT
Angela
I d on 't know y our fam ily very w ell, John . I gue ss I haven 't been to yo ur
hou se tha t of ten .
'ohn
No - you m ust com e round again soon, and have din ner. My pa rent s are
qui te fun . They come from up north, and th en th ey moved down here
3 A
The ph rasa l ver b ' fin d o ut' mea ns 'discover' or ' lea rn ' . No ne of
the other ch o ices here ca n be a ph rasal ve rb with 'out'.
4 A
The ph rasa l verb 'set ou t' means 'begin' o r 'star t' , par tic ularly on a
journey o r process.
5 C
jotm
Oh yea h, they're fine. It's OK. They bo th work hard , so I do n't see them
so m uch .
6 D
Angela
Somet imes I w ish I saw a little less of min e! But in fact , I'm go in g to see
every body soo n. 1can't wa it for t his party we' re having next month.
Everyone 's com ing .
,ohn
That sounds like fun. I could do with som e fun .
Angela
Oh? Is somet hing the matter?
John
Well, it's just tha t I'm exp ec ted to follow trad itio n and jo in my uncle 's firm
w hen we finish schoo l, but I think it's bor ing. OK for a holiday jo b,
maybe, but that's enough...
Angela
Hm - what can yo u do? In th at kind of situatio n, I always ask my big
sister. She' s a lways help ed me o ut by telling me what to do.
John
Yeah, I wou ld ask my o lder brot her, but he 's away at university.
Angela
Better than being in your uncle's firm?
John
He says yo u have to study hard, but he has a lo t of fun too .
Angela
I be t .
Use of English
4 I and
2 bo t h
3 also
4 too
Sente nces I to 4 have t he same meani ng.
S t han
6 to
7 t han
Sen te nces 5-7 have t he sa me mean ing .
Reading
8 1
'Fath ers a re read y to parti c ipate in ta kin g ca re of ch ild ren' m ea ns the
sa me thing as ' fat he rs want to loo k after the ba by '. ('Baby' is used to
refe r to chil d ren in gen eral h ere.) The phrasa l ve rbs 'ta ke ca re' a nd
'loo k afte r' a re syn o nyms .
The ph rase 'yes, rea lly' is no rma lly used in spo ken English to ex press
sur prise.
9 READING EXAM
1 d
We read 'pa renting class es wo uld be a goo d way to give th em
m ore confidence aro un d the home' . Th e in formation in band c is
me ntio ned, but not in con nection wit h t he parenti ng classes. The
in fo rm at io n in a is n ot me ntioned, even though it fits the
co nte xt log ically.
2 b
We read 'h e sees his respons ibili ties as setting clea r lim its fo r
t hem an d being a ro le model' . In th is sense, 'a n exa mp le ' is a
synonym fo r 'a role m od el '. Sen te nce c is about a d ifferent typ e of
dad (En terta ine r Dad ). The text dearly co n trad icts bo th Cl a nd d.
3 b
We read ' Fu lly In vo lved Dads ad just t heir work arrangem en ts to
their partners' professional d uties'. The ot her a ns we rs all conta in
wo rds t hat a rc m ention ed in this paragraph , but the genera l
meani ng is d iffere nt .
4 a
S I so
2 Because /Since
3 why
Writi ng ' the reaso n ' is not a goo d a nswer h ere. 11 fit s t he
sentence, but the ta sk is to write o nly o ne word!
4 Due /Owing
Do n 't be tempte d to write 'Acco rd ing' becau se yo u see a gap a nd
'to' at the beg in n ing of t he sen te nce . Always m a ke sure t hat th e
word fits t he mean ing of the sentence.
5 Becaus e
6 t ha t
Thi s se ntence wo u ld a lso be co rrect if yo u left o ut 't hat'. Bu t t he
inst ru ct io ns say yo u m ust write o ne wo rd in each gap. If writing
no t hing in a ga p wa s accepta ble, the ins t ruc tions wo u ld say so!
6
2
3
4
5
6
160
br inging
The phrasa l verb
check
The phrasa l ver b
pull ed
The phrasa l ver b
fo und
The ph rasa l ve rb
ca rry
Th e ph rasa l ve rb
set
The ph rasa l ver b
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Your own an swers.
11
1
2
3
4
5
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: l oo k carefully at the statement. It contains thr ee elements, and
you must com me nt on all thr ee.
Firstly. there is th e idea that the family used to be important in
society. You need to say wh ether yo u think this is true or not. You
of these th ree points, so you need to write several sentences for each
one. Make sure you have e nough ideas pre pared before you start
writing.
Write in a neutral or formal style.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 You r o wn a nswe rs.
14 1 t he rest of
2 your o wn choice of
] th e first step towa rds
.. mo re than just
b
The m ea ning of th e ph rase 'd id n' t suit her' in th is con tex t is
'd id n' t mat ch her sty le' . We wo uld say ' till' d ress d idn 't fit he r' if
the probl em was t he size (c). And she wou ld ha ve bou gh t the
dr ess if it had loo ked good on her, so a is wron g.
2 ,
Th e m ea nin g of 'unless' i... ' if not' . The condition of the
repl ace ment is the stamp, w hich is not me n tioned in e ither b or c.
3 1 c and False
We read 'she'd put on weight and she just couldn't do up t he Zip',
which mea ns t he dress wa... too tight. The problem he re is the stze
of the d ress t'dtdn't fit'), not the fact t hat Stella d id n't like the
dr ess. (See note in 2 .)
2 a an d True
we read abou t the gua rantee that you must re m em be r to ' have it
sta m ped', ot he rwise the radio can't be replaced . This is exac t ly
wh a t sent en ce a says.
4 READING EXAM
I E a nd True
We read 'clothes ... m ust always be dean '.
1S SPEAKING EXAM
2 D a nd False
Debate
16
I h
2 c
] e
No t b! Different ly from other la ngu ages, 'primary' means ' mos t
important'. not 'fi rst'. Th is is a so-ca lled [atse (rimd.
4
..
f
5
Not cl! The same prepositio n (' in') is used, but t he meaning is
diffe rent.
5 g
6 ,
7 b
TIP : There is ofte n a very simple answer, so you do not always have
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Try to use at least thre e o r fo ur different argument s to support
your opinion - avoid repeat ing the same argument again and agai n.
If your partn er men tions something you didn't think of, try to
respond to the main point in his/h er argument. If yo u' re not sure
what they meant, ask them to clarify the ir op inion .
In this type of task, the comm unication shoul d go bo th ways - it's
not abo ut giving a lo ng presen tation on the to pic. The examiner
wants to know how you communicate with others, not how much
you can talk.
We read 'e m plo yees should know what is expected'. This is true of
t he wo rkplace dress code in a general sense, but there it doesn 't
say employers have to specify exactly what items of clothing a re
acceptable.
A an d True
We read 'some people arc com ing to work in out fits that resemb le
pyja mas'. Pyjamas are very Info rm al (peo ple sleep in them). In
the previou s sentence, t h is in fo rm at io n is in troduced with t he
ph rase 'ex tre me limits', sugges t ing th at t h is beha viour is unusual.
D and True
We read 'a client who mi gh t be o ffen ded by a mor e cas ual
ap proach ', which means they w o u ld n ot find it acceptabl e.
A and False
We read 'so me companies introduced the system ', bu t it is not
mentioned whether they make up the majority of businesses.
C and False
Wc read 'expert s differ in opinions'. There are only 'a few points
they ag ree on'.
B and True
We read about opponents of th e po licy that t hey ' pointed out
th a t casua l dress sty le m ight encourage casua l or sloppy work'.
C and Palsc
Th e text says 'ri pped and worn-looking jeans' a nd ' faded den im '
a re una cceptab le, bu t suggest... th at 'dark jea ns wit h a .. . blazer' is
fin e.
listening
S
Other
distinguishing
featu res
Person I
Person 2
male (a whit e
man)
in his for ties
fairly
overweig ht,
q uite short
cu rly, brown
broken nose,
moustache
torn blue jeans ,
baggy T-shirt
female (young
woman )
in her early twenties
ta ll (no
info rm at io n
abo ut her weight)
lo ng, wavy, blonde
(rather) lo ng nose
6 LISTENING EXAM
I
2
3
..
5
6
7
8
161
~ 04 TAPESCRIPT
Writing
Radio newsreader
The police are looking for two suspects in connec tio n w ith the recent
bank robb ery in Reading . The first suspect is a white man in his twenties .
He is fairly th in, qui te short and he's go t straight, brown hair. He's go t a
broken nose and has a mou stache. When last seen, he wa s wearing to rn
black jeans and a baggy T-shirt. He's also got a tatt oo of a heart with the
' I t hin k' in t rod uces t he idea . The subjec t o f th e sente nce is the
fact of 'bein g a teen ager to day' (for me d wit h th e -illS fo rm ) wh ich
t akes t he sing ula r verb 'is'. After 'd ifferent' we nee d to use ' from'
and slim - she's go t lon g, wavy, red hair. Her nose is rather long . When
last seen, she was wea ring a sho rt black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket
and white tra iners.
Use of English
7
I possible
There would be an a rticle before the word if t he noun was t he
correct an swer.
2 corresponde nce
A nou n must follow the possessive ad jective 't he ir'.
3 pract ically
Th e word modifies 'e very', not a nou n, so a n ad ject ive cannot be
co rrect .
4 acco m pa nies
Th is is the verb for m to m a tch th e sub ject, 'h is assista n t' . Th e
other opt ion. 'co mpanies' is a pl ural no un , not th e third perso n
fo rm of a verb.
S cla rify
Th e st ruct ure 'would like to' must he foll owed by a verb.
6 character
Th e ad jective 'main' mo difies a noun .
7 depend
We need a verb afte r t he ad verb of frequ en cy 'o fte n' .
8 repor t
A ' reporter' is a person, a ' report' is a t h ing. Th e m eaning of th e
se nte nce decides wh ich no u n is co rrect.
11
S Possible answers:
2
3
7
8
TIP: Note and rem em ber th e different endings you ca n use to make
different part s of speec h.
162
wh ich introdu ces the co ntrast with t he cla use 'when m y pa ren ts
were m y age'.
ln so me ways we have m o re freedom to day.
We have to star t with ' In some' becau se of the capital lett er. Then
we n eed th e sub ject 'we' followed by the ver b ' have' an d the
co m pleme nt 'more freedom', with 'today' co m ing aft erwards.
But in ot he r ways life is mo re co mplicated a nd d ifficu lt.
' Hut' introduces t he contrast. 'o t he r ways ' co m ple tes the ph rase
wit h ' in' . The verb 'is' is fo llo wed by the cont rast: 'more .. .',
[feel tha t paren ts to day put a lot of pressure on teenagers.
' I fee l' m ust come first (ther e a re no other ca pita l lette rs) a nd
't hat' links to the opi n ion . The pare nt s put th e press ure a nd th e
pressure goes on t he tee na gers, in th at order.
lt is no t po ssib le for eve ry tee na ger to be th e best.
Havin g sta rted wit h t he cap ital letter in ' It is', we need t he
ad jective 'poss ible', a nd t he n t he st ruct ure 'fo r
(some t hi ng/some body) + to + in finitive'.
Some times I feel I just need some space.
Wc have to start with 'So me ti mes I' because of t he ca pital letter.
Then we nee d a ver b nex t, an d in fact W l ' need to decid e wh ich
order t he two verbs shou ld come in . You 'fee t yOll need ', not yo u
' nee d yo u feel'. The last word is t he o bject 'space' , before which
' v'e say 'how m uch space': 'so me' .
[)
12
2
3
4
S
13
2 A
3 B
4 C
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : You mu st include the three content points listed. You co uld not
receive a pass mark if you missed o ne out.
Rememb er that you need to discuss the th ree points in re latio n to
your country. Your pe nt-lend is in the UK, so he/ she doesn't know
a bout your co unt ry: you have to explain everything clea rly.
Within a tot al of 200 wo rds, you sho uld write a bou t 60 or 70 wo rds
for each co nte nt poi nt: don 't start writing until you are sure you have
e nough ideas to do this.
Write in an informa l, friend ly style.
2 READING EXAM
Speaking
1 F
Th e ph rase ' th is cen t re of London 's cu ltural act ivity' refers back to
t he Royal Nat ional Thea t re, t he Nat ional Film Theat re and th e
Royal Festival Hall me n tioned in the p revious sen te nce .
2 C
Th e next sente nce foll ows on from th e previou s two sentences
descrihing the 'ca rdboa rd boxes' and each person 's ' m uch prized
space'.
Situational role-play
15 I B
16 I
2
J
-t
2 A
:\ D
-1 C
idea
suggestio n
int eresting
difficult
17 I
2
3
-1
5
3 A
4 B
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: There are no right or wrong answers or ideas here.
It' s im po rtant that you and your partne r listen to each oth er, and
5 E
share ideas. Use the language you have practised in the previous
exercises.
Make sure that you (an create que stion s based on note s. You could
practise now by w riting out full questio ns for each of the questions in
the no tes.
Picture-based discussion
19 1 name
S time
2 from
6 clo thes
3 li vin g
7 st ress
married
8 like
-1
/ SSII ('
in deta il.
Listening
3
1 F 2A
3G
.In se 6 ft 7E 8B
(Some othe r co mbi natio ns are also poss ible, but th e abov e is t he
only way to use each word only on ce.)
TIP: Memorise these colloca tions, not just the words that ma ke up
the phrases.
20 Your ow n a nswers.
21
22 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : Make sure you do all that is requ ired . You are given four
que stion s abou t two peop le: that 's eight things to say.
Most importantly, you are asked to compa re and contrast the two
peo ple. You need to co mment abo ut each person for each qu estion ,
a nd then make a comparison or contrast between them .
Higher level
Reading
l
I e
We read 'At th e sout he rn end of Wat erloo Bridge .,. sta nd the
Royal Natio na l Th eatre, th e Nat ional Film Th eatr e a nd th e Royal
Festiva l Hall. ... They have beco me a mecca fo r the hom eless.'
(The word 'mecca' he re mea ns 'a place th at man y people visit for
a pa rticular reaso n' .)
2 f
We read ' a th eat re play d irected by the now fam ou s Oscar-winner
,.. Sam xten des'.
"m
8 A
3 d
We read 'The 1980 s saw an e no rmous inc rease ... man y
unemployed came to .,. especial ly Lond o n, wh ere jobs were easier
to fin d '.
4 a
We read 't here are arou nd 100 ,000 homeless peo p le'.
5 g
We read 'a no t her way you ca n help is to bu y a w py of Til e Big
Issue',
6 b
We read 'Tile Hig Issue is a success on many levels'.
7 c
We read ' Tile Hig Issue has become in te rnational'.
163
Writing
' " OS TRANSCRIPT
Ra dio p resenter
Hello everyone. In ou r prog ramme, 'The World Around Us', we've asked
I be
four teenagers from different co unt ries abou t their po litic al views. Here's
1 humour
2 int elligence
3 honesty
to face so many prob lems they just cannot cope with and, at the same
Use of English
6
I
2
3
4
th e text .
164
3 get
..J spend
5 have
relations and the way hu man rights are violated in ma ny co unt ries in
Africa and Asia. I believe it's unfair the way people in the third wo rld have
time, all the economically developed coun tries become richer and riche r.
There's so much food wasted in one place and in anoth er peop le are
dying . I don't pay any attention to o ur loca l prob lems, all those con flicts
between variou s parti es. I don 't vote because the re is no political party
2 m a ke
4 lo ya lty
S pati en ce
6 kindness
10 1 honest
2 kind
3 intellige nt
..J patient
S loyal
6 hu morous
Th e adj ective 'h um o ro us' is sligh tly different fro m th e ot hers in
t h is exer cise . It's more commonly used to describe a sit uat ion o r a
story that we find amusing. We prefer usin g 'fun ny' to describe a
person who's am using and enterta in ing.
12
2
3
4
S
As
Co mpletes t he expression 'a s far as I'm con cern ed /I know'
is
Singu lar of t he verb 'b e' .
who/that
Relat ive pronou n to link to th e 'peo ple' . This is a defini ng relative
cla use, so 't hat ' is possible as well as 'wh o' .
are
Plural of the verb ' be'.
why
Use 'why' wit h ' reaso n' or 'reason s'.
6 of
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: An art icle in a magazine is designed to be read by many
peo ple. They will choose to read it, and co ntinue reading to the end
of it if, and o nly if, they find it inte resting . Don 't write just abo ut
you rself and your friends - try to ma ke your ideas more genera lly
interesting.
Friends and friend ship are the subjects of many films and TV
progra m mes - you can think abo ut these to give you ideas.
Use different ways of presen ting your opinions - do n't just w rite ' I
th ink.. .' every time.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
14 Your own answers.
TIP: There is no righ t or wrong answer he re. The po int is using th e
appro priate ph rases fo r speculating about th e girls in th e photo. Look
at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for a list of phrases you ca n use.
15 Possib le answer:
It's probably the description o f th e girl on t he left, the one wea ring a
da rk b lue to p wit h a red str ipe .
16 Your o wn a nswers.
17 1 seems
2 way
3 tell
4 expec t
S seem
6 poss ible
TIP: These are also useful phrases for specu lating, which yo u might
wa nt to mem orise.
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Try to re lax and take your time with this.
The fou r questions will ta ke you thro ugh in a logical o rde r.
Remem ber th at beca use there are four peo ple in the picture, you can
easily make compa risons and co nt rasts between them.
Use th e langu age you have prac tised in the previou s exercises.
Debate
19 Agr ee: That's right ! I I couldn't ag ree with you more. I Absolutely! /
My poi n t exac t ly. I
Disagree: I'm not sure th at's true. I Surely you do n't th in k that.. . I J
don 't see ho w/ wh y. I Actuall y, ...
Acce p t t hat t he other pe rso n 's righ t: I see you po int. 1 1 ca n go
a long wit h th at. / 1 ta ke your point.
Pers uade the ot her person that you're rig ht: Have you
considered .. .? I Do n't you agree?
And your ow n answers.
TIP: Practise differe nt ways of respo ndin g to the ot her perso n's
arg uments. Make lists of th e various phrases you can use.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
7 LISTENING EXAM
I We hear ' If you thi nk you are n ot o ne of t hose peo p le whose
bu yin g habits are influenced by adve rtise ments, yo u are m ost
probably m istake n'.
4 We h ear 'over th ree q uarters had n o problems ma tch ing the m ost
po pu lar de terge nt brands wit h t heir advertisin g slogans'.
S We h ea r 'The mu sic, th e sme lls, the a rra ngements of p rod ucts, t he
reductions, all have o ne goal ... to get as much money as possi ble
o ut of o ur pocket s' .
7 We he a r '94% of the peo ple ta kin g pa rt in th e survey adm itt ed
th ey buy betw een one and five th ings more than is really beyond
t he necessa ry, each t ime th ey visit a supermarket'.
9 We he ar 'never go shopping on an empty stomach ... you'll buy
to ns of un necessa ry foo d'.
TIP: This type of task often conta ins a very generalised state me nt
t hat's diff icult to agree with. This is intended to help yo u take a side.
Make sure you use a good variety of ph rases (from exercise 19 and
th e Speaking Bank on page 128) to react to your part ner's
b
Think about wha t the ima ge suggests. When so meone is on their
knees , it mea ns th ey have bee n defeated.
2 a
All the th ings me ntioned are foods.
3 b
The list of people that follows the phrase is a clue.
3 I +
2 3 +
Altho ugh t his is subjective. Som e people ma y not like having t oo
much choice.
4 +
5 But so me people m ay fin d crac ked lin oleum cha rm ing ly
old-fas hioned.
6 7 +
8 +
4 READING EXAM
I c
We read 'they are an essen tial part of life in th e UK, es pecia lly for
peopl e living in bigger cities'.
Use of English
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I c
Th e collo catio n is 'success story'.
2 b
2 c
Listening
5 The best sum ma ry is 2.
O nly o ne sen te nce men tio ns TV ad vert ising, and none of th em talk
about preventing adverti sin g from in flue n cin g o ur behaviour.
6 1 Band C
Sent en ce A uses similar wo rds, but the overall m eanin g is co m plete ly
diffe rent.
2 A an d n
Th is is more difficult because it suggests th at 'we' a re all 'shoppers'.
C is ve ry sim ilar in meaning, bu t it doesn't talk abo ut how t he fact
affec ts us whi le the ot he r sentences do.
3 A a nd C
Sentence B is the on ly one that m entions ad verti sing.
4 c
Th e meaning we need here is 'ma de a dec ision to do so me thi ng'.
5 b
We need an o b ject in the struct ure: find (somet h in g) + ad jective.
Whe n the ob ject is a who le cla use or sen te nce, we use 'it' to avo id
repeat ing all the informati o n.
6 d
The mea ni ng of the wor ds he lps us dec ide.
7 b
Th is sente nce in t roduces an argumen t wh ich co n tra dicts the ideas
in th e previo us sen te nce, so a lin king wo rd wit h a contrasti ng
me ani ng is neede d.
8 b
Th is is the only phrase of th e fo ur t hat can be used befo re the
ve rb.
16S
9
2
3
-l
S
6
7
B
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Possible answers:
IB 2 A 3A
6B
7 A
8B
17 I 0
3 C
4 B
S G
6 E
7 F
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The requirements of the speaking task are both dear and
specific. You must include these in your discussion.
Your discussion will be much more interesting if you react to what
each other says. You can say that you also like something, or you can
be surprised by the cost of something. Maybe finding a suitable time
can be a little complicated.
See this as an opportunity to talk together, not a race to finish as
quickly as possible.
Picturebased di s cussion
4 A
9 R
S R
20 l e
4 nf
3d
21
22
I Unli ke
2 Co m pared to
be
' Have to ' is followe d by t he base form o f a verb. 'Be considered' is
passive .
2 It
English requires a sub ject for every sentence, even w he n It seems
to have little mean ing, as here.
no t
Th is is required to make th e mean ing negat ive.
:~ to
Th is completes the str uct ure 'way(s) to + verb'
eac h
Co mpletes 'each et he r'.
2b
-la
5c
Tip: Make sure that the sentences halves match grammatically as well
as logically.
13
2 A
18 Your ow n ideas.
3 If we consider
The issue o f
-l
TIP: These are useful phrases for comparing different ideas or images.
23 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You should use the structure for speaking provided by the
exam task. You have a list to follow, containing several thing s to
com pare/co ntrast in relation to the pictures.
There are many thing s that you ca n say a bout this subject. There are
no right or wrong answers. You have your own experiences which
you ca n make use of when spea king.
You could also refer to othe r kinds of shops as well as the ones shown
in the pictures here. This could suppo rt your ideas.
Try to use structures and phrases such as the ones in exercise 22 to
show whe n you are introdu cing a new part of your discussion .
Higher level
Reading
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : First you need to decide how to respond to the statement. You
could agree with it, disagree with it, or make a mixed respo nse - for
example, you could accept that post offices are not necessary when
there is email etc, but you could say that they should stay open as a
community service.
Your introdu ction should briefly say what you are going to argue. The
paragraphs that follow should be a series of clear and logical step s.
You should write in a formal style.
You should link your argument5 dosely together. Make sure you have
some useful ways of doing this ready. Use language such as, 'There
are a number of reasons why .. .', 'When you conside r situations such
as.. .', ' Despite the fact that the Internet.. .', and so on .
Speaking
Situational role-play
15
166
SM A RT A NSWE R KEY
I Fashion.
You find the information in line 3, in the first paragraph . This is
confirmed by the information in lin es 18-19, in the th ird
paragraph where the text mentions the ' retail-clo th ing indust ry'.
2 Bubble juniors (9- to i-t -year-old daught ers of japanese w ome n ).
You find the information in lin e 11, in the seco nd paragraph .
3 They are the only dynamic cu stomers left in the Japanese
economy.
You find the information in lin es 9.10, in th e second paragraph.
TIP: You should be able to find out what the general subject of an
article is from the first few paragraphs. These paragraphs introduce
the topic, while later paragraphs give further details or the writer's
(and others ') views.
2 READING EXAM
F
We read that 'bubble jun iors ' are ' the 9- to I-t-yea r old da ugh ters
of Ja pan ese women. Boys are not referred to as ' bubble jun iors'.
2 T
We read 'They are the potential t re ndsetters, like coll ege girls in
the 1980s a nd hig h-school gir ls in the 1990s'.
3 F
Wc read 'sales ... have shrunk by alm ost 10' )(1in t he last five
yea rs' .
4 T
We read 'Th ey don 't wa nt to wear w hat's in tile kids' sect ion.
Rather, t hey mix mature sty les with bright co lours ...' ,
5 T
We read 't he ta rget age group is shrin king'.
6 F
7 P
We read ' Nl cola . .. printed 1O,(XXJ copies of an issue', The art icle
Listening
3
Use of English
6 The best summary is c.
Newspapers oft en use short, effecti ve words in th eir titl es to grab
read ers ' attention. The verb ' h it' is used inst ead of ' ha vc a ne gative
impact on' .
I ~HT
2 June the 13t h
:I j un
S
6
7
8
; JGX
layer, inc reased po llution and ca used th e (po lar) ice ca ps to m elt.
2 2.6 kilog rams in 199 7, 2.2 kilog ra ms (or 1,000 cups) in 2002.
3 Co ffee, iced tea and healt hy dr ink alte rna tives, fo r exa m ple fruit
teas.
4- Tur key, t he UK and Ind ia.
F524
34 .49
04 75 8384
VBVW
TIP; If you made any mistakes in this exercise, now think about w hy
you made these mista kes. Which sounds or ty pes o f stress are d ifficult
for you?
TIP: The order of questions usually follows the order of informat ion
in the article .
~ 07
TRANSCRIPT
6 2 4.99
7 calcu lator
4-
~ 08 TRANSCRIPT
Man
Go-World Home Delivery. How may I help you?
Woman
Oh, hello. I'd like to place an orde r.
Man
Certainly . I'll just take the det ails.
Woman
Right.
Man
Can I start by taking your name please?
Woman
R-X, thanks. Fine, right now, what was it you wanted to order?
Woman
Welt, I've been looking in the catalogue, and I'd like to get a travel bag.
Man
They'r e great quality, yes. And good value. They're available in a range of
colours.
Woman
Yes, an d I think it's the beige th at appeals most.
Man
been
Writing
Writing a letter of co m p la in t
9 Your own idea s.
10
Alth ough our flight was delayed by three hours, we didn't receiv e
an explanation .
2 We were ext remely surprised beca use our hotel room was never
cleaned d ur ing our stay.
3 lt was very di sappointi ng th at t he gu ided tour of the his to ric city
ce n tre was ca nce lled.
4- We beca me te rribly tire d because we coul d hea r cars an d buses all
n igh t.
I A 2 C 3 D 4- B
11 WRITING EXAM
TIP: This kind of writing task require s yo u to use your imagination.
Don't be too imaginative - terrible problems on your holiday o n the
moon and S80 billion com pensation are fun ideas, but for the exam
yo u should be practical.
Think abo ut how you will me the 200-250 words . The fourth point is
probably goin g to be sho rter than the others.
For the third point, make sure you are d ea r about how you we re
affected. Don't just say ' I was very angry'; it's be tte r to say some th ing
about the late train meani ng you m issed your dinner at the hote l, so
had to go to a restau rant so you spent more money, etc .
Write in a forma l, business-like style.
Man
That's right.
Woman
Well, I only want on e.
Man
Fine. Now have yo u chosen your free gift? From the ones shown on page
twenty in the cata logue?
Woman
Oh yes, a diary or a calculator. I thi nk a calcu lator wo uld be useful.
Man
Good cho ice. OK, we ll, I'll pu t this straight thro ugh and then you sho uld
be ge tt ing th e .
167
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
12 Your own ide as.
13
ill my opinion, supermarkets offer an exce llent
range of dif feren t goods to choose from .
Th e phrase 'in (one's) o pin ion' is a useful one to
remem ber, when yOll have to talk about your
views.
14 I Although
'Although ' is used to connect two co ntrasting ideas or facts, both
in complete sentences.
2 and
'And' lin ks two related th ings together.
3 because
'Because' is used when what comes after it gives the reason for
what co mes before it.
4 Despite
'Despite' is used to co nnect two contrasti ng ideas or fac ts, where
one of them is a noun ph rase a nd t he other is a co mp lete
sentence.
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: In this situation, the exam task requi res you to prod uce a lot of
ideas . You should be able to do th is by looking at the picture and
thinking at t he same time. Then you will produce ideas like the list in
exercise 12.
Try to make use of other ideas as we ll as your own opin ions. For
example, although you may like supe rmarkets, you ca n say, 'many
people, especially older people, prefer to go to small, local shops
because they enjoy chatting to the people who wo rk the re.'
The question is about 't he cus tomer', and there are ma ny diffe rent
customers - use this fact to help you produce lots of ideas .
Debate
16
17 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: First decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Think of
your arguments - but don't fee l you have to use every one of them
before you finish. It's more important to respond ap propriately to
what you hea r than to persuade you r part ner that you're righ t.
Make sure you respond to every statement your partner ma kes, either
by saying you agree or using the phrases from exercise 16 o r the
Speaking Bank on page 128 to present counter-arg uments.
4 Home
Reading
1 B.
The helicopter is used to set the scene, but if you read the paragra ph
carefully, you find tha t it te lls us a lot more about t he way English
people live.
2
2 A
II
We read that DIY is 'an o pportunity to exercise our creat ive talents'.
Th e reference to 'artists' in the heading here is an exaggeration.
168
4 READING EXAM
1 E
The phrase 't hese boxes' refers back to 'rows o f small boxes'
mentioned in the previous sentence.
2 A
Th e wor d 'its' refers back to 'a n Englis h hom e' mentioned in the
previo us sentence.
3 D
S B
Th e statement before t he gap is commented o n in th e missing
sentence. Then the nex t sentence 'we see the arrangeme nt ... as
a n expression of our un ique personal taste' refers back to 'we like
to t h ink ' in sentence H.
Listening
5 Possible answers:
cannot be 1988 o r 2003, as the numbers are too large for
distances wit hin a count ry.
2 definitely cannot be 1988 or 2003, an d the speaker would not
likely to have been 38 or 68 when h is bro ther was born.
3 is probably 38 or 68, or maybe 20, but not less or more.
4 can o n ly be 2, 3 or 4 because people do n 't nor ma lly have 20
bedrooms o r mo re in their homes .
S can only be 1988 o r 2003 because it's about a year.
6 is probably 20 or 38, or maybe 68, but not less or more.
7 may be 2, 3 or 4 because the speaker is talking about a flat he
shared with other stu dents, not a ha lls of reside nce or hos te l.
6 L15TENING EXAM
I 20
2 3
3 68
4 2
5 1988
6 38
7 4
We he a r 'Five of us rented a flat in the city centre' but this
number includes the speaker, too.
~ 09
TRANSCRIPT
Use of English
16 WRITING EXAM
TIP: The job of th is lette r is to answer the question s it asks. The
writer of the letter you received needs to know certain th ings, a nd it
is your responsibility to provide this information. You must tell yo ur
penfriend about:
places to visit
act ivities to do
food a nd dr ink to try.
You also need to respo nd to you r friend's comment that it is sad you
will be away.
Don't just list places, activities, food a nd d rink. Explain why yo u
recommend each thing.
Use a friendly and informal style.
7
piece of furniture
number o f ite ms
fireplace
1
1
1
1
c hes t of dr awers
bed
d ressing table
wickerwork chairs
Wilton car pet
2
I
We use ' lead ttnuo' or 'o pen to' whe n we refer to doo rs betwe en
rooms of the house .
2 d
On ly 'pass' can be used with ' to'. We use 'a mve wit h 'a t', a nd
'en ter' and ' reac h' Wit ho ut a preposit ion .
J b
Past Perfect is needed here to talk abo ut som eth ing tha t happened
before t he past event we a rc describing.
Speaking
4 b
18
Situational role-play
17
J D
3 C
4 A
The adjec tive ' to w' can o n ly be used logically wit h 'ce iling ' .
S h
I A
There is ll O ve rb in B, but you always need one in a complete
sentence.
2 B
we are talking abo ut one o f the ot her th ree corners of the room
7 b
3 B
8 a
Th e phrasal verb ' take in ' m ean s 'o bse rve/exa mi ne care fully '.
Writing
4 B
Writing an email
9 I th ink th e best plan? in t.b..e. world is t he his to ric to wn o f Hury St
S A
We no rma lly use ' im po rta nce' wit h 'o f' a nd a noun.
l2w.n /
iQ
week - visitors ~
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS ; You mu st talk abou t all the points on the list. Both you and
yo ur partner should expres s ideas a nd /o r opinions abo ut each o ne .
You must make sure that yo u get the timing right : you need to have
enough time to decide together which two points on the list are the
most important.
With seven points and two conclu sions, you need to wor k efficientl y.
Make co nnec tio ns qu ickly between each point and what it mea ns for
your pa rtn er and his/ he r family. What can or can't they do?
10 The text contains all the required info rma t io n exce pt th e seco nd
poi n t: the read er o f this text is not told wh ere Bury St Edrnunds is.
11
Your ow n ideas.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include all the information listed in the exam task.
You shou ld explain something about each po int; don't just state the
minimum fact in each case. Look at th ese examples: which do you
think is mo re inte resting for th e reader ?
It 's called Cambridge. or It 's called Cam bri dge, because it's where there ;s
Picture-based discussion
20
4
5
2
3
S
6
' Place', the sub ject, comes afte r 'o ne '. Note t hat 'really' comes
befo re 'must' whi ch comes befor e ti ll' verb 'visit' .
[also suggest going to _ _ .
No te the po sit ion of 'a lso'.
Ai...fill activities, I'm sure yo u' d e n joy _ _ .
' I'm sure' expresses th e spea ker's o pi n io n about wh at foll ow s:
'y o u 'd (wo uld) e n joy' .
A.u.!:.!.tb..tl lnr cr esttng th in g to do is _ _ 'Anothe r' mu st he a bo ut a ' th ing', a nd the adjective ' fu n ' must
come before the no u n it des cribes . The sub ject of t he sen te nce is
th e phrase 'another fun thing to do'.
W1.crl yo u feel hungry. do n 't forget to eat
_
Th is st ruct ure is used to give advtce or in st ruct io ns .
A d rin k yo u 'll love is called _ _ .
' Drin k' m ust COIll I? after 'a' as it's the only nou n that ca n be
co un table. "rc u'tllove' (= 'wh ic h yo u'lllove ' descr ibes the kind
o f drink it is.
of
Bo th ' ne ithe r' and 'e it her' ar e fo llowed by 'o f'.
than
Notice ' more' be fo re t he word 'gree n' before the gap: yo u often
need to look further t han t he ga p itsel f to get th e answer.
not
You need to th ink about th e m eaning of th e wh ol e sen te nce in
the context o f t he text to under stan d that thi s ha s a negative
m ean ing .
In
'In ' goes befor e ' fact'; ' in fact' ha s a sim ila r m ea ning to 'actually'.
is
'Is' with 'd isappea ring' for ms t he prese nt co ntin uo us, used here
fo r so me t hing th at is ha ppen ing as we speak.
to
Co m pletes t he structure 'co n tin U t' to + ver b' .
In
' In' goes befor e 'additio n'; ' in add ition' has a sim ila r m ea n in g to
'additio na lly' .
8 on
Note th e passive here, ' to be built'. You need to follow the word
o rde r in th e sente nce to see th at th e land is built 'o n ' - yo u build
on land.
15 You r o w n an swer s.
169
23
2
4
S
lives
Wc use a third perso n singular noun with 'somebody'.
prefer
To express our likes, we can use 'prefer' wit h an infi nitive with
' to '.
tir ed
Th e structure 'tired of' usu all y refe rs to a situation that we find
an noying.
find
Th e verb ' find' oft en go es together with ' peace and qui et'.
look ing
We use an -ing form afte r 'e n joy' .
S LISTENING EXAM
1 T
We hea r ' some peop le are lucky enough to have email a nd the
Inte rnet but many do not even ha ve a tel ep hone line'.
3 F
We hea r 't hey can arrive at any place within n inety minutes'.
5 F
24 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : The four questions in the exa m task provide a clear structure
for you to follow. Make sure that you use the m to help you org anise
appropriate points about the pictures .
The questions cha nge in focus.
The first one asks you to relate one of the pictures to your own life.
You should say something like, 'This pict ure is more similar to where I
live beca use I live in a large city and t his city centre scene is more
familiar to me . It's the kind of place where I sit with my friends,
enjoying ... '
The second and third questions, however, are more ge neral. Do no t
talk only abo ut you r own life here . Say general th ings about life in
the city and countrysid e.
The last que stion asks for your own op inion. The q uestion isn't about
where you spend your holidays, but about where you would prefer to
spend your holidays.
Higher level
Reading
1 Th e answe r is b.
The word 'co nve rted' suggests a ch ange in th e fu ncti o n of the
build ing that st udents live in . The other a nswers all contain key
words from th e title, but th e overall meaning is quite different .
2 READING EXAM
l A
We read 'There is no heating syst em, no centra l cool ing system,
no residential garbage se rvice, no mail service ami no pa rking' .
2 C
We read ' It's the ver y first apartment building bui lt in Tucson'.
3 [)
We read 'C astle Apa rt me nts . . was a ho spita l, t ube rculosts
santtartum , nursing ho m e
4 A
We read 'The open architecture allowed th e room- mat es to host
parti es wit h up to 600 peopl e'.
5 [)
We read 'The building ... has t h irty- two apart me nts'. (A: ' Lauren
Ilen z ami he r four room -mates live in Studio Apartments'; B: 'the
building was divided in to four separate apartments'; C: 'The
hi storic building h as seventeen uni ts in it '.)
6 11
We read 'Th eir loft-st yle apartment ... h as been ... a recording
stud io'.
8 11
We read 't he building was divided into four separate apa rt ments
two years ago'.
J)
We read 'She 's so cool. what other landlord would let you put
holes in ceme nt walls?'
Listening
3 1 b
Only three sentences (3, 4 and S) talk about do ctors, and none of
th e ment ion th e Int ernet .
2 ,
Sentences 1, 4 and 6 make it d ear t hat 't h e outback' is a plac e.
4
170
Likely topi cs: Med ical care, Educat ion , Distances between people.
Doctor s are mentioned in sen te nces 3, 4 and 5. Sent ence 6 is abo ut
ch ild ren go ing to school. Se ntence I mentions how fa r peopl e live
from th eir neigh bours.
SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
r
We hear 'som e kid s go to boardin g schoo l' .
7 T
We hea r 'most outback child ren use t hei r two-way radi os to listen
to their teachers' and 'others have their lesson s sen t by post' .
Use of English
6 1 A is cor rect.
B I get on th e bus w++H- just outside my hous e.
Th e phrasal verb 'get on with ' means 'to have a
friendly or good relat ionship with' someone .
2 A My aunt grows *r her ow n vegetables.
B is co rrect.
Th e phra sal verb 'grow up' means ' become
older or adu lt or more mature as a person ' and
is intransiti ve.
3 A I en joy wat ch ing football, bu t I am no goo d
at playin g it.
B is correct.
'It' is a pron ou n, and so rep laces a no un where
ne cessa ry - as in ' play ing it' - bu t isn 't used as well as
t he noun.
4 A is correct.
B Although I like how he l oo ks~, I think he's
very bo ring to ta lk to.
The q uest ion , 'What does he look like?' do esn 't
usually need ' like' in the an swer. Don 't get confused
with the ot her use: ' ~v//{) does he look like?' ' He looks
like his brot her.' - meaning that h e has a sim ila r
appearance to his broth er's app ea rance.
S A My au nt ~ is my favourite relati ve an d her
cooking is fantasti c.
B is corr ect.
You don't nee d ' who' here; th ese are two sim ple
sta te ments con ne cted by 'an d' .
I
2
3
4
S
o -'
00 up
The phrasal verb 'use up' mean s 'use all o f it', whic h is not the
mea ning here.
th er e
'Peo ple' is used here in the gen eral sen se, so we don 't need the
definite article,
:3 to
Th e verb 'start' can be used with an infinitive a nd ' to' and wit h an .
illS form . but we can' , use 'to' befor e the -ing fo rm.
-'
5 in
Writing
Writing a student magazine article
9
Speaking
Statistics-based discussion
13 Possible answers:
1 \ Iy city has a much smaller population than Lo ndon .
2 The temperature this month is sligh tly hotter than last month.
J My Eng lish ho mework ta kes me a lot longer to do t han my Math s
homework does.
4 My last holida y was a disaster - but I really hop e my next holiday
will be fun .
TIP: There is more than one way of comparing things. You can use
co mparative adjectives (for example, smaller, hott er) or you can use
co ntrasting sentences, like sentence 4 above.
14
surprised
People are su rpr ised by th ings. Also see t he no te for S below.
2 39%
1S SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Remember that this isn't a Maths test. The informat ion in the
tab le is there in orde r to enable you to speak, not to frighten you.
You're not being tested on your general knowledge. If you don't
know the actual facts for the first question, it doesn't matt er - notice
the words 'you th ink' in the q uestion. Youcan say, ' I really do n't
know how these statistics compare, but I imagine that it's much ... .'
The third question gives yo u the opportunity to use your
imagination. For exampl e, perhaps the fact that more wom en have
jobs now in the US than in 199 5 is importa nt.
Debate
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You're probably going to argue ag ainst the statement, which
reflects an old-fashioned view of families. Nonetheless, try to think of
arguments f2r the sta temen t as well, so you're better prep ared for
respon ding to these.
While you're doing the task, make sure you refer back to the
statistical informat ion in exercise 15 to sup port your arguments.
It may also be a good idea to contrast this information abou t the
present with wha t you know about the situation in the past.
5 Nature
Reading
1 Possible answers:
colouration: the natural co lours and pattern.. of an animal (or plant)
matriarcha l: dominated by females/ the mothers
range: vary betwee n two stzes
cubs: you ng bears, baby bears
lifespa n: the number of years an an imal is expected to live
Jay: prod uce eggs
2
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
ID
3 READING EXAM
I A
We read 'Killer wha les ... can live for about fifty to eigh ty years.'
The life expectancy for black (and rare wh ite) hears is twenty to
twent y-five yea rs. Th e lifespan of Canada geese ranges from
twent y to thirty years.
2 B
We read 'Ca nada geese ... reprod uce ... every sptng'. Killer whales
'give birth every three to ten rears'. Black bears 'can gfve birth ...
every two years'.
B
We read 'b lack bears spend most of thei r lime alone'. Killers
whales 'never sepa rate', and Canada geese 'have ve ry ..trong
family relations'.
5 A
We read 'They are not co nside red endangered'. About the black
bears, we read 't here is a law that prevents peo ple from hu n tin g
the bea rs'. It is illegal to harm t he Canada geese in any way.
6 C
171
Listening
4IS 1 Same.
2 Same.
3 Differen t:
Roo ms in the hotel cos t i!1.killi $10 0.
b Th e h o tel ch a rges n o mOTe t ha n $100 per roo m .
.. Di fferent:
a
:iu.Iru: nights still have seats ava ilab le.
b Th ere a re st ill seats ava ilab le o n all flig hts.
changed
The other two words mean 'ended'.
2 known
The ot her two words mean 'known or believed before'.
3 m ild
Writing
Writing a leaflet
11 1 what
5 differen t
The other two words m ean 'different in a positive way'.
7 LISTENING EXAM
Nort hern region
snow ex pected in the afternoon
strong winds t hroughout t h e da y
some tra ins ~ aft er 10 p.m.
Southern regi on
light rai n t hroughout th e day
te m peratures be tween IDee and 12C
cold wind blowi ng fro m the ~
~ 11
TRANSCRIPT
We' ll beg in the forecast w ith the nort hern region. Here, I'm afraid to say,
condit ions won't be part icularly pleasant. There's go ing to be some snow,
and that's predicted for the aftern oon . To add to the sense of cold, t bere' Il
also be strong winds blowing a ll day. In fact, the train co mpa ny has
warne d that there cou ld be delays to trains later in the eve ning,
part icularly afte r ten o'clock. Turning to the sout he rn reg ion, thing s are
looking a litt le better. However, it will be raining all day, alth ough on ly
gently. Unlike th e maximu m tem perat ure of te n degr ees in the north ern
region, down here in the sout h I think we wo n't see less than t hat, and
ho pefu lly it' ll reach twe lve. But I don 't think it can go above that, beca use
there'lI be q uite a ha rd wind coming through from th e west. Looking
ahead to the next few days, however, the re's likely to be ...
Use of English
8 Class of animal : primate
Lives in : Borneo, in Asia, in t he tro pica l forests
Typical co lo ur: red
Mea ning of name: Man of th e Forest
Behavioural characte ristics: gentle, curious, pla yful
Favourite food : fruits, pla nts, insects
Weight a nd size toddler: t he same size as a human baby
adult : 90 kilograms
R ,
12
2 exerc ise
3 trees
4 poll ut ion
The gra mmar st ructure used is the first conditional.
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : There are three content points that your leaflet must include,
and these are clearly listed for you in the task. If you miss o ne out, or
jf you do n't give enough info rma tion about it, you will lose ma rks.
Remember tha t this leaflet is for everybody to read, a nd that its
purpose is to change wha t people do. Make sure the informat ion you
give is clear, and your ideas are logical.
15
2
modal 'will' fo r
Higher level
16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the three required part s of the letter.
You must also include a suitabl e forma l open ing and dosing in your
letter.
Thinks abou t the functions you need to use for each poin t .
For the first one . you are describing or evaluating th e situation.
For th e second, you are suggesting or recom m ending actions.
For th e third. yo u are predic ting o r spec ulating about the future.
There are no right or wrong answers - you (a n paint
Cl positive
or a
Speaking
Situational role-play
17
1 is closed - answer a.
2
ts open - answe r h.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must find out information abo ut the two areas req uired by
the exam task.
You sho uld use open q uestions mo re th an closed questions to get the
information.
Respond to th e answers yo u ge t - ask 'why?' or 'why not?', for
exa mple. If your part ner says someth ing inte resting, say so - react to
him/h er, and create a go od co nversation.
Picturebased discussion
21 I co mpared
2 noticeable
Reading
3 cont rast
4 att ractive
B
We read 't he first bir th in ca ptiv ity in 112 yea rs'.
2 D
We read 'Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get
Sumatran rh inos to breed'.
3 E
We read 'The zoo ... has plans to ca refully docu m en t t he ca lf's
phys ical and beha vioura l growth '. (Pa rag raph B also refe rs to the
researc h, hut doesn 't m ention t he zoo's pla ns.j
4 C
We read ' Rot h im m edi a tely began feedi ng Em i daily doses of
progesterone (a h o rm o ne essential to pregna ncy)', and, ea rlier in
t he same paragraph , 'Emi, Andelas" mot he r, had miscarried within
t he first three mo nt hs in five previous pregnan cies'.
5 A
2 READING EXAM
I
2 e
Sente nce e refers both back to ' rh inos in cap tivi ty' a nd for wa rd to
Andalas' other ac hieve ment: 'The birt h of th is rare ani ma l offe rs
scien tists unprecedented data '.
3 f
3
4
.5
23 Your ow n ideas.
24 Your o wn ideas.
2S SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must includ e the fo ur things yo u are req uired to in the
exam task.
Use the task and the pictures to struct ure your talk. You have fou r
things and two pictures, so the re a re eight thing s at least for you to
say.
Use appropriate phrases to introduce your ideas - for exa mple,
'turning to the q uestion of 200S .. .', or 'in term s of prot ection , I think
th at.. .' , and so on.
Listening
3 1 e
2 c
3 g
4 b
5 d
6 a
TIP: Before the reco rd ing starts, it's always a go od idea to check tha t
you understand the key vocabulary.
4 LISTENING EXAM
I
22 I th e
Yo u ne ed 't he here becau se th e 'way' described is defin ed or
specified by t he relat ive clause tha t fo llows - 't ha t bird s seem to
be mo vi ng a way from th e co un trysi de.. :
for
To describe a per iod of lime, a duration.
has
To fo rm the Presen t Per fect , 'has increased'.
for
use 'for' to lin k 'happens ' and the ' reaso ns'.
t hat /w h ich
Re lative prono u ns (eit her is po ssible) to intr od uce the relati ve
clau se that foll ows and desc ribes ' the in sect s and sm a ll a n imals'.
in
Com pletes t he phrase 'in effect'.
.5
a
Ca pta in Hazelwood didn't own t he ta nker, the reco rding says 'The
ta nke r was ow ned by th e Exxo n oi l compa ny'.
a a nd b
We hea r ' he we nt to h is cab in to do some pa perwo rk. He left th e
ship in co m ma nd of th e th ird of ficer'.
b
We hear ' the &XOII vatdez hi t a group of rocks ca lled Bligh Reef'.
Bhgh Reef isn't t he nam e of a port.
a a nd b
We hear 'Fifty m illion lit res of o il started to flow o ut of the ship
and in to the sea'.
a an d b
We hea r 'a spec ia l bo a t was supposed to be ready fo r emerge nc ies,
bu t it had bee n damaged by storm. So the clean-up bega n fiftee n
hou rs after the oil-spill was first repo rted .'
6 b
We hear 'Millions o f fish and tho usand s of sea birds and sea-otters
di ed.' Th e record ing does m ent io n the first two days, but that
refers to t he tim e be fore 'all necessary eq u ip me nt was in place' .
7 a
we hea r '2.5<Ml of t he plan kton in th e sea was dest royed in the
disas te r, leaving m a ny a n ima ls and fish wit h nothing to eat'. The
statement in b is m en tion ed in the record ing, but not in
connection with the destruction of the plankton.
8 a
We hea r 'The Exxon vatda disaster was one of the first huge on spills in history'. Statement b cannot be cor rect because 'the
EXXOl I vat.tcz di saste r ... was th e result of m ista kes m ade by ma ny
differ ent people'.
173
os.
12 TRANSCR IPT
Alaska has four g reat indus tries: fishing, forests, to urism and oil. On the
south coast of Alaska is the port of Valdez, an d fro m he re most of Alaska's
oil is taken to California an d ot her part s of the USA.
On the 24th of March 1989, Captain [eff Hazelwood was in com mand of
an oil tanker which had the same name as the port of Vafdez . The tanker
was ow ned by the Exxon oil company, so it was usua lly called the Exxon
Va/dez. Captain Hazelwood was an expe rienced seam an .
The Exxon Valdez started its journey in t he late evening of the 24t h of
March 1989. At first, Captain Hazelwood was in charge 01 the ship. later
he went to his cabin to do some paperwork. He left the ship in the
command of the third officer. Just after midn ight, the Exxon Valdez hit a
group of rocks called Bligh Reef.The tanke r had five holes in its side ~ one
of the holes was two metres wide by six met res long. Fifty millio n litres of
oil started to flow out of the ship and into the sea.
Unfortunately, t he clean-up operation did not begin immed iately. A
special boat was supposed to be ready for emergencies, but it had been
damaged by a storm. So the clea n-up bega n fifteen hours after the oilspill was first reported. The first two days after the spill had been calm
and still; but by the time all the necessary eq uipment was in place, the
weather had turned sto rmy and strong winds quickly moved the oil to
ot her parts of the sea.
The oil from the Voldez disaste r cove red 4,800 squ are kilometres of water.
Millions of fish and thousands of sea birds and sea-otters died. Some
animals and birds died from cold, others died from hunger, beca use 25%
of the plankton in the sea was dest royed in the disaster, leaving many
anima ls and fish with noth ing to eat.
It is easy to try to blame one person for the Exxon Voldez disaster. In fact,
it was the result of mistakes made by many different people: people in t he
Exxon oil company, people on land, and people on the tanker.
The Exxon Voldez disaster was one of the first hug e oil-spills in history.
Use of English
5 en joy: to enjoy, enjoyed, had enjoyed, e njoying, be en joyed
publish : to pu blish, published, ha d published, publtshlng, be
published
inspire: to inspire, inspired, had inspired, ins piring, be inspired
p la y: to play, played, had played, playin g, be played
flou rish : to flour ish, flourished, had flou rish ed , flour ishing, (no
pass ive)
reach : to reach, reac hed, had reached, reaching, be reached
benefit : to be nefit, beneftted/benefttrect, had benefited/ had
benefttted. be nefiting/benefitting, (no passive)
cast: to ea..t, cast, cast, casting, be cast
be: to be, was/were, had been, being, (no pass ive)
Writing
Writing a discursive essay
7 c u rren t t hreat s to t he e nviro n me nt:
grow ing demand for consumer goods/transport req uirem ent s
t he rel at io ns hi p of b us iness issues a nd t he e nviron me nt :
busi nesses need resources/profits need to be cont rolled
a ny act io n t hat yO ll believe sh ou ld be taken :
dose down polluting factortcs/ru n publicity campaign
174
mo st
Supe rlative adjective .
2 issues, opposition
The first gap is before the main verb, so it must be pa rt of the
subject. The phrase for the second gap is 'in opposition (to
something else)'.
3 furt her
The mea n ing of 'a ny fur ther ' is the same as 'any lo nge r' or 'any
more'.
4 main, actually
The mea n ing of 'main' is 'most important'. The o nly word that
can appear betwee n the verb a nd t he subject is an adve rb.
9 Your ow n ideas.
10 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: The structu re of you r essay is defined by the exam task and
you must follow it.
You need to discuss the th ree listed po ints. If you do n't, you will lose
marks.
All your ideas need to be reinforced with reasons, and you must make
these dear.
You will need to write probably at least 70 words for each point, on
average. Make sure you have enough ideas prepared before you start
writing.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
11 I On the one hand, there's an image of ma n-mad e damage.
3
4
'On t he one hand' is usefu l for setting up a cont rast between two
things.
On the other, we can see t he damage caused by nature .
'On the other (hand)' is a good way to complete a contrast that
you began with 'on the one ha nd '.
Of course, even this fire could have been sta rted by a pe rson.
'Could have been' is a useful way to present a specu latio n.
The question is who has responsibility for the pla net.
This is a useful way to show that you want to focus attention on
this poi nt.
We should think more in terms of our children than of ourselves.
This qu ite complex structure is usefu l and can be adapted for
many situations - for example, 'we should think more in te rms of
job satisfaction than of money.'
12 I nervous
2 frightening
3 ambiguo us
4 connected
S cu rious
13 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task requires you to talk about cert ain aspects of the
pictures.
You shou ld begin by describing what you can see in the pictures, and
then start to relate this to the questions you need to consider.
There a re opportunities to express your own opinions and feelings
about the issues of the environment and nature.
Ifyou feel you don't have enough to say, ask yourse lf questions - for
example, 'where were these pictures taken?', 'what will happen
abo ut the environment in the futu re?', and so on .
Debate
7 H
14 Possibleanswers"
8 E
Aga inst
TIP: Read each para graph and try to summarise its gist in a sent ence
- Jike yo u did in exe rcises 1- 3. This will he lp you ma tch th e headi ngs
to th e parag rap hs,
For
Listening
5
t he health of animals to
protect people from this)
YO U T
:\
view )
-I
cost considerations
learn in g mo re about human
anatomy (without having to
use peo ple for experime nts)
using an imals fo r food ,
clothi ng, et c. (i f th ese ar e fin e ,
why is med ica l resea rch not )
And your own answers.
15 Your own ideas.
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Use the ideas from exe rcises 14 and 15 to bu ild up convincing
argumen ts for yo ur viewpo int.
This is usually an issue t hat peop le can get quite passionate about, so
try to stay calm and just concentra te on making persuasive
argumen ts and co unte r-arguments.
Don 't forget th at your partner b..i!l.!2 disagr ee with you to stimulate
discussio n - this not necessarily a reflection of their own views!
6 School
Reading
1 The hest ans wer is 2.
It is the onl y tit le that me ntto ns h om ework , th e m ain topic of th e
leaflet.
The paragraph doesn't men tion eit her t he place or the best
cond itions for doing your homework.
2 c
The paragraph m en tio ns bu yin g a fo lde r, but the main po int it
makes is about or gani sin g yo ur notes .
3 b
4 READING EXAM
1 C
We read 'decide in advance'.
2 F
J)
We read 'If you've sta rted your ... homework, finish it'.
7 LISTENING EXAM
I I.OO/13.00llpmll o 'clock
Classes 'go straight th rough till one'. Don 't be confused by the
fact that they ' sto p at twelve o 'clock o n Fridays'.
2 9.00/21.()()/9pm/9 o 'clock
Make sure yo u do n 't confuse th e opening time, 'fro m e ight t h irty
in t he mornin g', wit h t he closing t im e, ' un til nine p. m .'.
:\ Receptio n
Severa l types of co m pute r are mcn noned . a nd yo u need to focus
o n the ' Inte rne t pe s' for the ta sk, These are ' t he web-linked o nes '.
Th e n th e question is where yo u reserve t hem, 'a t Rece pti o n ', not
where you use t he m , which co uld be in th e se lf-Access Centre or
' in t he Co mmon Room '.
-I Thursrdayj Stth}Ju ly
Do n 't co nfuse t he date of t he trip, 'Tuesday July th e tenth ' with
t he date for reserving a place - 'you must book your place no later
t han Thursday the fift h of Jul y'.
5 free
Be ca refu l, we hea r 'so me of th e food 's a litt le expens ive'. Make
sure yo u focus o n th e fact t hat 'i t's free to get in ' .
6 disco unt ca rd
Listen ca refu lly to get bo th words: 'Take your passport alo ng to
t he office '-'0 that t hey can issue you with a student disc ount
ca rd.'
Now read through the script to see where the answers are.
~ 13
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to you a lii I'm sure you' re going to have a great time with us
here at Westford College - a nd mayb e you m ight even learn a little
English while you' re here! I'm just go ing to say a few wo rds a bout
practica l aspe cts of th e college. OK, classes: now, you' ll be in class every
morni ng d uring the week. Classes begi n at quarter past nine and go
straigh t through till one, altho ugh they stop at twe lve o'clock on Fridays,
to help the weekend get going. You're expected to do more than just
study in class, of co urse, and it's important to make use of the Self-Access
Centre, which is available from eight thirty in the morning until nine p.m .
There's a wea lth of ma terials and resources th ere for you 10 lake
adva ntage of. All th e compute rs have access to o ur network of Englishlearning software. Demand is high for the web -linked ones, and you need
to reserve time on o ne of those at Reception. If you' re despera te to em ail
home, you might find a spa re com pute r in the Common Room. Right,
Londo n: we organise a trip up to London d uring the cou rse. We're going
on Tuesday July the te nt h, and you m ust book your place no later than
Thursday the fifth of July. The trip's always very pop ular, so don't forget to
sign up ea rly! Anothe r date for your diaries is the Food and Drink Festiva l,
where you can try and hop efully enjoy all kinds of exotic food and d rink
from just about every co untry o n the planet. It does ge t busy, a nd so me
of the food's a little expens ive but the good news is that it's free to get in,
a nd it's wort h going along just to look, Talking of mo ney, you ca n get
mone y off all sorts of thing s in w esttord , from cine ma tickets to books 10
dr inks in cafes, if you' re a student. Take your passport along to the office
so that they can issue you with a student discount card. Well, I think that's
it for now. Are the re any qu estio ns?
17S
Use of English
8
16 I a, c
b
Verb needed : what do thousa nds of yo ung people do each yea r?
2 c
Adjective needed : what kin d of instit utions?
3 c
Adve rb need ed: how talented?
widen
creat io n
darkn ess
ad justed, ad justing, adjustable
5 resou rceful, reso urceless
6 fully
7 refusal
8 popu lari se
Possible answers:
popular -+ populari ty, settle -+ settlemen t, dominate
-+ domi nance
Speaking
Situational role-play
19 I Wat ch ing DVDs ll. good because yo u ca n sto p an d repeat
un do
disa gree
in correct
im possible
2 attend
No ch a nge ne ed ed because it's a plural ve rb to match '7%' (of
students).
3 nearly
Adverb need ed before ' all' .
4 typical
What kind of timetable?
5 activities
Th e se n tence g ive s exa mples of these activities afte r the gap.
6 interesting
What kind of places?
7 misbehave
Students a re pun ished fo r!lQ! b eh a vin g appropriately.
8 gra d uate
No c h an ge ne eded because it's a p lural ver b to m a tch ' u n ive rsity
st ud ents'.
Writing
20
than
Co m p ar iso n.
2 much
Used to em p h asise degree o f flu ency he re.
3 lo t
The meaning is the sa me a s ' m uc h' in th e p revious se n te n ce, but
used with t h e articl e 'a'.
4 most
Superlative adjective.
S too
'Too many' m eans ' more tha n acceptable/nec es sary/appropriate '.
21 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You m ust consider all five suggestions on the list. You m ust
also make sure you have enough time to choose the two which ar e
most important.
There aren't right or wrong answers he re. In fact , if you and your
partne r can disagree a little , it w ill create more discussion .
In the first stage of the discussion, you can say a range of th ings
about each point. For example, fo r 'talking to tourists', you could say
that:
it isn't very usef ul because ther e aren 't many Enqlish-speakinq
tourists in you r city
it is useful when yo u can talk to a native speaker of Eng lish
it's not very useful because they speak too quick ly for you to
understand
it is useful because you can learn about th eir cul ture
it is useful as speaking and listening practice on ly.
Remem ber that the re are many opportunities to use comparisons and
contrasts an d conditionals in a discussion such as this on e .
Writing an invitation
12 1 Yes. My flight leaves at 10. 15 on Friday.
2 No.
3 Yes. My aunt arrives o n the 12.00 trai n .
4 Yes. My exa m is 011 the 18 t h .
5 Yes. The el ection takes place on May 3r d.
6 No .
13 1 Yes.
We rea d '8 p.m . a ll Frid ay 19 May'.
2 Yes.
We read 'Studen ts' Union Building (234 w est ga te L ane}'.
3 No .
4 No.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the four points that are required in the exam
task. If yo u miss any out, you w ill lose m ar ks. It is important for the
invitation to include th is information.
Since it is for a party, you should try to make your invitation lively in
its style . Use dramatic statements that grab the attention, or ask
ques tions.
4 b
5 c
176
5 b, d
TIPS: You must wri te about the three poi nts that are required in the
exa m task .
You also need to acknowledge Sam's letter, thanking him fo r it, and
perhaps showing some sympathy for his feelings.
Thin k carefully about the three different functions you need to use te lling, suggesting an d explaining. You should pla n to use a range of
gr ammatica l structures in yo ur letter.
Remember to use a friendly and informal style with your friend.
10 un happy
mi sbeha ve
dislike (verb) or un like (prepositi on)
misunderstand
im po lite
in co m plet e
2 a
4 a, c
3 b, d
18 WRITING EXAM
9 1
2
3
4
1 e
Possi b le answers;
Have yo u considered taking up gol f?
I th ink yo u sho uld choose Mathematic s be cause you 'r e rea lly good
wit h numbers.
What about going to Stovent a fo r a skiiing h oliday?
15
3,
4 b
suffer fro m ?
SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
Plcture-based discussion
22
23
1 both
6B
l
3 A
8B
9
4 n
both
5 A
10
I m or e
C o m p le tes the co mpa rison - yo u n eed to sec 't ha n' late r in the
se n te nce to ge t t he answer.
2 to
Com p lete s th e st ruc t ure 'give (so meon e) (somethin g) to ' + verb.
3 a
Th e indefinite article is required.
4 than
Com p letes the comparison. You n eed to see t he 'er' of 'o lde r' to
get th e answ er.
24 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk about all four questions tha t the exam task
inclu d es. Th is w ill give yo u th e st ruct ure for what yo u say.
Noti ce that the first two questio ns mean tha t you sim ply describe
what you see. Try to use as much interesting vocab ulary as you can
w hen doing th is.
The thi rd q uest io n asks you to me yo ur imagination. You sho uld
specu late here. and, if po ssible, give reasons for what yo u say.
The last q uest ion asks you to relate the pictures to your own life and
experience. You need to explain why you say w hat yo u d o here.
Higher level
Sp e aker C
I really don't know ... When I was Sand ra's age, I never complained about
my uniform, 1 just took it for gran ted I had to wea r one. Now it's
complete ly differen t. Sandra spe nds hours on end choosing her clothes
before she leaves in th e morning. 1 sometimes think it wou ld be easier
and definitely m uch cheaper if she just had one skirt and cardigan for
school use.
Spe a ke r 0
The school where I work is uniform -free. I'm sure that the freedom to
choose their own clothes allows young people to express their
personalities mo re fully. I'm hap py I had the same chance when I was a
student. I went to a small village schoo l, and we had no uniforms there.
Use of English
Reading
1 The best answer is 1.
111c art icle is about Manhattan Co mp rehensive Nigh t High School.
2 The best answer is c.
we learn t hat IIll' school is quite d ifferent from how it a ppea rs a t
first.
4 READING EXAM
I D
'Suc h tight security' refers bac k to t he sentence before t he gap
which says 'visitor s mu st sign in a nd show ident ificat ion '.
2
Fo llo wing on from the desc ript ion of school days in the sentence
before the gap, we find out about school term s, t hen a bo ut th e
numb e r of years st ud e nts spend at th e school afte r th e gap.
Listening
5 I f our people.
2 About wearing school unifonns.
TIP: Always read the instructions ca refully so you do n' t lose points
because you're doing less (or even because you' re doi ng more) tha n
you are asked to do.
bF
cA
dA
er
8 LISTENING EXAM
()
Th e wr iter says 't hey have much to offer ', ' cha lle nging for un usuall y
c leve r students', t hey appreciate ' less academicall y-gifted
pe rsonalities', 'they are excit ing and ... success fu l'. He a lso mention s
that they 'h ave m or e success in reali sing th eir o b ject ives '.
t heir
The possessive adjective lin ks 'excelle nce' to 'public schools' .
2 be ing
They are criticised because they lli a symbol of privi lege. An -ill,,?
form is used after 'for'.
3 are
We need th e ve rb ' be' to introduce th e adj ectives wh ich describe
the schools.
I
4 of
The adject ive 'appreciative' usua lly goes toget her w it h ' of '.
S at
The idi om is 'a t t he same time '.
6 in
The idi om is ' in (so me kind 00 terms' .
7 these/those /most
Mor e than o n e answer is possible, depending on wh at you want
to say.
B to
We need an infin itive wit h 'to' after 'see m'.
9 th an
We use 't ha n ' to compare th ings that are d iffer ent.
Writing
()
13 Possible a nswers:
One postttve aspect of sho pping ce nt res is co nvenience, we can
find everyt h ing .. . un der t he sam e roof. I Shopping ce n tres o ffer
S B
We hear 'Th is ta lk about co ve ri ng th e financial differen ces is
rubbish' .
"
6 a A
14 TRANSCRIPT
Speaker A
Tha nk good ness, we don't have to wea r uniforms at my schoo l now, but
whe n I was at elementary school, I had to wear an awful navy blue jacket;
I hated it more than anyt hing else. I don 't think I'd like it if they made us
wear uniforms now, but I can see some good points , too . There wou ld be
far less showing off, and the girls who can't afford fancy clothes would
feel much better.
Sp e aker B
We had to wear uniform until last yea r. It was horrible. You shou ld be able
to wea r things you fee l comfortable in. And all th is talk about covering up
the financial differen ces is rubbi sh. If you have a lot of money, it shows
whatever you 're wea ring.
SM A RT ANSW ER KEY
171
5 B
1S WRITING EXAM
Th e phrase 't h is syste m ' aft er th e ga p refers back to what sen tence
B describes.
TIPS: You must write about the fou r aspects of the question tha t the
exam task specifies .
You can either come to Cl clear conclusion one way or the ot her (for
example, 'you shou ld start a career') or yo u can present a
compromise conclusio n (fo r exam ple, 'it depe nds o n .. .').
Before you start writing, yo u need to ma ke sure that you have
enough ideas for the requi red length of essay (u p to 25 0 wo rds). One
w ay to build up yo ur essay is to use exam p les. Ano ther usefu l way is
to think abou t contrasting situations - fo r example, an l 8-year-old
who has thre e older brothers and sisters and an l 8-y ear-old who is
an only child.
It is im porta nt that you make good use of linkin g words and phrases
Speaking
6 G
The lin king wo rd ' Ho wever' cont rasts se ntence G wit h the
previous sentence .
7 D
The word 't his ' refers to 'Talk ing and d riving at the sa me tim e'
mentioned before t he gap.
Listening
4 I Four.
2 How t hey earn som e pocket m Olley.
3 No.
4 The tas k here is to fin d o ut what job each spea ke r does.
TIP: Alw ays read instructions ca refully. It's easier to unde rstand the
informat ion in the recording if you know what to expect.
Picture-based discussion
16 I h
2 b
3 a
4 c
S h
6 b
17 I C
' Fo r exa mpl e' in t rod uces an exa m ple t h at represen ts 'o bv io us
diffe rences' .
2 A
H
' In ad dition to t h is connection' bu ilds o n 'either of them ..
TIP : A, Band C are all usefu l way s of int rod uc ing an exam p le of
-+ examp le' .
C get ti ps, custo mers , serve mea ls, bring the bill
D morning paper, fro nt door, do a rou nd , neighbourhood
E blow- dry, get tips , customers, was h, haircut , per m
6 LISTENING EXAM
A I
We hear ' I had a five-year- old to look after '.
B doesn 't appear in the reco rding.
C ,
There are many sm all clu es, including 'earn 15 plus tip s' , or
'stop at a table a nd chat', which don't rea lly match the ot her
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk within the conte xt required by the exam task:
'different kinds of learning' .
You need to descri be what yo u see in the pictur es and then to
jo bs.
D 2
We hear 'do a rou nd ' and ' leave th e stuff at the front do or '.
-I
experie nce . This gives you lots of opportun ities to talk a bout you r
own experiences of educ ation and lea rning, in and out of schoo l.
Debate
19 Possible answers :
I yes
2 no
no
4 yes
S no
not su re
20 Your ow n ideas .
21 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You ca n get more points for using a variety of different ways of
expressing your op inion. Try to use convincing argu me nts, but don't
forget it's eq ually impo rtant to show how well you can communicate
them.
7 Work
Reading
1
1 B
2 IJ
3 A
4 B
2 1 consequently
2 add itio na lly
3 like
4 still
TIP: It's a good idea to reco rd linking words that have the sa me or
similar meaning together.
l5 1S TRANSCRIPT
Speaker 1
I have to think abou t school first of all, because my parents wou ldn' t let
me wor k if my grades suffered, so I only wor k du ring the holidays. Last
yea r I had a five-year-old to look after three times a week. I had to feed
he r and then put her to bed . She was all right; a bit difficult sometimes,
but I liked to play with her and te ll her stories.
Sp eaker 2
It doesn't pay too well, but I'm too young to do any ot her job . I do a
rou nd of a bout twenty ho uses in the neighbourhood on my bike. It's on ly
a minu te to sto p and leave the stuff at t he front door, but still, I have to
get up around six if I want to finish in time for the school bus . The only
problem is whe n there's very heavy rain or whe n it's really cold.
Speaker 3
It's a nice place and it's always lull, so you really have to be q uick. I wo rk
for five hou rs on Saturday afte rnoons and earn 15 plus tips. It's not bad,
and I like the jo b because I mee t a lot of people alt the time. Of co urse, I
have no time to stop a t a table and chat , but that does n' t seem to be a
problem. Some time s you can have a really nasty customer, but that's very
rare.
Speaker 4
J work on Saturdays from 8 in the morn ing till 5. I' m on my feet all day,
and it can be tiring, but I really enjoy it here . Of cou rse I' m not a llowed to
do the cutt ing, but I help with perm ing and blow-drying and I do the
washing myself. I'd love to do the job when I leave school.
Use of English
7 1 ,
3 READING EXAM
1 H
' During thi s period' after th e gap refers back to the 'difficult
tra in ing period' in the miss ing sentence.
2 E
Sentence E introduces the 'e xt rem e physical d iscomfort' that the
speaker goes on describing after the gap.
,
178
The lin king wor d 'The refo re' links the tra in ing drivers' dec ision to
keep their previous jobs to the reaso n : ' l.ea rner drivers are not
allowed to ... earn money as d rive rs' .
4
To see that thi s is the correct answer, tr y look ing a t t he sen tence
with the wor ds in a differ ent o rde r: ' I go ID No rthtown School,
which is we ll known for sport.' Both ' to' and 'which' ar e
necessa ry,
,
You need th e Presen t Perfect of 'he successful'.
,
Completes the structure we use for compa rin g experiences 'as
(ma ny) as (som ebody)'.
c
You are ' responsible fQ.r som ethi ng'; yo u a re ' res po ns ible iQ'
som eo ne, for example yo ur boss.
b
'Do' is th e cor rect a uxilia ry for making qu estions.
8 When I think a!&u1 the fu ture, I realise I really have no ide a w hat
I'm go ing to do. What I w ant to do is to enjoy the present and live
for the moment. When my brother ~ my age, all he di d w as make
plans. He knew !rllf.If: he wanted to go to university, what co urse to
ta ke - eve rything. Even as a teenager . he hili! decided Qll his job.
And, let me tell you, my brother is very bo ring! I'm going to live m y
life differl'Otly.
16
3 a
A job in this case is like a place, t he literal meaning of ' a
pos itio n'.
4 c
Co mp letes the structure ' be (possi ble) + fo r (someone/some t hi ng)
+ infi nit ive with 'to' . As we ll as 'po ssib le', t his str uc ture ca n be
used wit h word s suc h as ' impossible' , 'easy', 'di fficult', etc.
S b
Busi nesses ' have' staff, offices, managers, pro fits, etc. in the same
way that schools ' have' teachers, students, classrooms, good exam
resu lts, etc.
2 "
Co mp letes t he str uctu re we use for comparing peop le 'as (h igh) as
(some body)' .
3 t han
Completes the comparison with 'more'.
4 who/that
Both these words are possible to link this defining relative clause
to the 'people' it describes.
S do
'Do' is used to form the question here with 'you'.
6 to
Co m pletes t he structu re 'ask (someone) to ' + verb.
7 has
Co m pletes th e Present Perfect verb form here of th e verb 'be '.
8 On
Co m pletes t he phrases 'on t he othe r hand ', used to introduce a
cont rast.
Writing
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: There is q uite a lot to do in this task, so it's important to think
carefully about it all before you start.
You need to understand the five jobs advertised.
You need to th ink how to ask correct quest ions about the four points
in the exam task. Fo r the first one, you could ask, 'Wh at kind of wor k
e xperience do you have?', and so on .
You shou ld be ready to ask follow-up q uestion s, such as, 'Why is
th at?' or 'Co uld you tell me more about tha t?' .
For the fourth point, yo u need to relate you r part ne r's exper ience and
inte rests to one or more of the jobs advertised.
Picture-based discussion
18 I white-collar
2
3
4
5
6
manual
office
unskilled
skilled
hig hly skille d
7 qualified
8 tra ining
9 assistant
10 promotion
I 1 commute
12 stressful
13 holidays
14 pension
TIP: This exe rcise intro duces a lot of useful voca bulary to talk abo ut
job s in general.
2 wonderin g
Co mpletes the st ruct ure 'be wo ndering if.
3 ho pe
Th e verb 'hope' is usually fo llowed by a 't hat' cla use.
4 interested
Completes the structure 'be interested' + infinitive with 'to'. (Th is
shouldn't be confused wit h 'be interested in' + -ing for m, which
has a different meantng.j
b
Completes the structure 't ry' + -ing fo rm .
2 ,
'Shou ld' is used for m a kin g suggestions like this.
19
d
'Bet te r at' must be follo wed by a nou n or a n .ing form .
2 ,
' Ve ry' is followed by an ad jective.
3
You need to think about the logic of this sentence to find the
correct answer.
4 c
The phrase is 'I nvolved in (something)'.
S b
We need a clause that contrast with 'works very hard physically'
becau se o f 'Although' at th e sta rt of the sente nce: 'not ... too
st ressful'.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk about the three q uest ions included in the exam
task.
You can talk a bout them in any order that you want, although the
o rde r in the list is perhaps a good, logical order to talk about them
in.
There should be a quite a lot of things you can say about the
pictures, as well as answering the questions.
Use you r imagination: thin k about what hours these people probably
work, what they are ma king, or what skills they need, a nd so on.
Speaking
Situational role-play
15 1 done
Completes the Presen t Perfect verb form.
2 relevant
These words often appear together whe n we talk about jobs:
' relevan t experience'.
3 o rganised
Completes the Present Perfect verb form.
4 clear
The ph rase is 'h ave a clear idea', mea ni ng 'to kn ow exactly'.
5 wor king
Th e -illg for m com pletes the t he ph rase 'working with peo ple'.
Th is is a freq ue n tly asked qu estion when yo u apply for a job .
6 prefe r
We use 'prefer' to talk about wha t we like to do.
7 Tell
Completes th e imperative.
179
Higher level
Reading
1
ls t rue.
We read 'o ne in twe n ty e mployers (5%) agreed t hat a ppea rance
was a decisive facto r', which is the sam e as say ing th at 95% di d n 't
ag ree wit h this statement.
2 READING EXAM
I d
We read 'the telephone conversanon I'd ha d with one of them
beforehand suggested ... the interview was [ust a formality'.
2 b
We read " knew I'd lost immed iately because of the way they
looked at me'.
J ,
We read 'Some are turned down for jobs, others mi ss out o n
promotion'. The second group of people me ntioned a rt' not
applying for new jobs.
4 c
We read 'Discrim ination cla ims involvi ng a lleged look-ism are
surging in the US: The verb 'surge' mean s ' increase sudden ly'.
Note that answer b is also true, but th e in formation is not given
in th e article, se it's not the co rrec t answer here!
5 b
Use of English
S
Listening
4 LISTENING EXAM
IJ
Wl' hear "two-I ncom e co uples often get used to per ks, a nd .
when . . th ey ha ve ch ild ren , th ey have to cu t back. We never had
that so we do n' t feel dep rived' .
2 IJ
Th e sta te me n t is rea lly a sum ma ry of what she' s sayi ng . She says
'I really ho pe I live lo ng e no ugh to see m y grea t-gran dchildren',
and also says 'w he n you' re old and dying, yo u don 't think ab out
what yo u di d a t wo rk, do yo u?' - suggesti ng yo u'd th ink of you r
fami ly.
:J
we hear "Tim
lIS
ma ke e nds
meet'.
2f3j
4 e
S d
6a
7b
8 h
9g
to
J)
Wc hear ' 1 decided to take a big pay cut and moved from Elte to a
sma ller magazin e so that I cou ld get to a higher pos itio n in my
job'.
7 C
we hear
c hildren
8 :\
We hea r
finished
Writing
Writing a formal letter/job application
~ 16 TRANSCRIPT
Sta rting a family ea rly usually means giving som ethi ng up. I asked a few
women who had child ren early in the ir lives what the decision mea nt for
them and what price they had to pay. li sten to what they told me.
Tara Hastings
We d id n't wa nt to be old paren ts. We tho ug ht it wou ld be gre at to be still
full of energy when t he children finished high schoo l. But whe n I left my
job as a manage r to be with th e childre n, it affected me mor e than I'd
expec te d. You beco me miserable whe n yo u stay at hom e all the time, and
when you start losing respect for yourse lf, yo ur partn er loses respect for
you. On the other hand , rim had to work extr a hou rs to he lp us ma ke
end s me et, a nd that ob viously deprived him of time to spend w ith the
kids and also created distan ce between us. Our marriage suffered, we
se parate d, a nd it was really to ugh for both of us. Now, I' m back at wo rk,
a nd we're back togeth e r, but it wasn't all easy.
Janlce Pepper
Having my first child at 22 meant tightening th e belt. Now we have three
dau ghters, and we're still far from well off. We still have to ge t by on
180
3 Your ow n ideas.
I
1 a
2b
3a
-tb
5b
6a
9 WRITING EXAM
TIP: Your letter must cover the required information in the
advertise ment.
You need to :
introd uce yourself and ex plain the pu rpose of your le tter
ex plain yourself in relatio n to the three points the advertiseme nt
requ ires guid es to have
close the letter in a n app ropr iate way.
You should use a suitable forma l style.
Try to use a range of g ramm atical struct ures - fo r exa mple, you can
use d iffe rent ve rb tenses whe n talking abo ut yourself.
Speaking
6 LISTENING EXAM
1 b
we hea r ' my bi rt hd ay is in two wee ks' t im e' .
Picture-based discussion
2 c
10 Your ow n id eas.
the picture.
You need to use you r imagination, and to specu late about the
picture. For e xample, you co uld say: 'Of co urse, I don 't know exact ly
wher e this picture wa s taken, but it looks as if th e woman is perhaps
repa iring so me kind of old wooden structure. I expec t this is on a
farm ..:
You need to create a link from the picture to the mor e general
opinion -based part of th e speaking task.
You co uld say something like: " suppose you might be mor e likely to
see a man doing this kind of work than a woman . But that do esn't
mean tha t wom en are an y less ab le to do this kind of wo rk - it's just
a question of tradition. However, I think it's possible to say that some
jobs .. :
8 Health
Reading
1 1 ble
2 e/b
3 g
4 d
5 h
6 a/ b/e
7 f
8 c
NOTE : Some phrases can be mat ched with more tha n one verb.
b2d
3 c4 a
3 READING EXAM
[l
Co m pletes th e st ruct ure 'increase (som ebody's) cha nce of ' + noun
or -tng form.
2 I
3 A
Th e seco nd half o f th e phrasal ve rb 'wor k out' is after th e gap .
4 H
The sen tence afte r t he ga p, ' Exercise sho uld be a pleasu re' refers
to so me t hi ng yo u 'e n joy doing'.
5 "
Listening
4 The co rrect answer is b .
TIP: Always read th e instructions carefully so you know what you
sho uld expec t to hear.
3 c
We hea r ' te n o ut of my twe lve gra ndchil d ren '.
4 a
Wc h ear ' the work o n the farm was ha rd and we spe nt all day
o utdoors'. He co n tradicts the othe r two o pt io ns : 'we had no idea
wha t a heal th y d iet was' and 'There was no nee d to take a ny
exercise'.
S b
We h ear '1 lost one brother and o ne sister ... bu t th ose t hat
survived lived in to old ag e' .
6 c
We hear 'What you ca n do is ... have a positiv e a tt it ude' .
7 b
He mentions giving lip smo king a pipe: 'after a week or so m y
wife co uld n' t sta nd it, so J th rew t he pip e aw ay' .
T
You find th e informat ion in qu estion l.
2 ,
Ques tio n 2 tells LIS he's been married once, twice or t h ree times.
Helen Crow
Well, actually, I'm not one hundred yet. I was bo rn o n , 0 Septe m ber, so
my birthday's in two weeks ' time. I co uld n' t forget ab out it, everybody is
making so much fuss.
H elen Crow
You have such a big family, how ma ny people are com ing to ce lebrate ?
Mr Slncl alr
Nowada ys, people see m crazy about having a healthy lifestyle. When I
was young, nobody thought about such thing s. I was o ne of te n child ren
in my family; we had no idea what a health y die t was, we we re happy if
we had enough to ea t. There was no need to take any exercise, the wo rk
on the farm was hard, and we spent all day outd oors. You had to be
strong; I lost one broth er and one sister quite early, but those that
survived lived into old age. We all probably took after my father, who died
at the age of ninety-four. I don't think you can do anything to guarantee
a long life, it just happens to yo u. You can' t avoid hardship, even
tragedi es, because that 's what life is like. What you can do is be as active
as possible and have a po sitive attitude.
H elen Cro w
Well, I haven't tried cigare tt es, no . But o nce I thou ght I'd look interesting
with a pipe, so I tried that. But after a wee k or so my wife co uld n' t stand
it, so I threw the pipe away. Actually, she left me a few mon ths later, but I
didn 't start smoking again.
Hel en Crow
Than k you, Mr Slnclalr, o n beha lf of our listeners I wish you all the best
a nd a very happy birthday.
M r Slnclair
Thank you.
Use of English
3 T
questions before you even hea r the recording . This will help you
focus on specific infor mat ion as you listen.
181
1S
1 bee n
Com pletes t he Present Perfect verb form .
2 able
' He ab le to ' is used to expr ess ability.
3 tha t/w h ich
Eit her wo rd is poss ib le to in troduce a defin in g relative cla use.
4 tha n
The meaning of t he sen tence helps decid e th is is a com parati ve
struc ture , whi ch we cou ld rephrase as 't he British ha ve onl y l'WT
go t as fa r as break fast' ,
5 order
The phrase ' in order la ' in tro duces an infi n itive of purp ose.
6 are
Completes th e Presen t Conti nuo us verb form . (Presen t Pe rfect
Co nunuous, 'ha ve been ch ang ing' wou ld be possible
grammatically, but the tas k requ tres th at you wr ite on ly one
3
4
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the possible ideas that a re listed in the
exam task.
Remember that the po int throug hout yo ur discussion is how suitable
they would be for use in a poste r campaign - so it's really about how
easily they ca n be communicated .
Conside r all five first, and then move onto deciding which two wo uld
be most suitable for the posters.
A good way to approach each one could be to ask each other wha t
wou ld happ en if everybody did or did n't do these things.
Rememb er to respond to wha t each other says.
word.)
7 up
Co m p letes the ph rasal verb 'tu rn up ', mean ing 'a rrive
{sponta neously)'.
8 likely
Mean ing 'it 's more likely th at yo u' ll be given cu rry or stir-fry t han
roast beef' .
Writing
Picture-based discussion
17 1 of
Co m pletes t he st ruct ure '(dtsjadvantage of' + no u n/-illg form _
compa re to, for exa m ple, ' Resta uran ts h ave the disadvantage of
being ex pens ive.'
2 t he
Co m p letes t h is usef ul way of int rod ucing a n idea.
9 Your ow n ideas.
10 1 delicious
2 soph isticated
3 atmosphe re
.J. vegeta rians
5 fash ionable
3 to
TIP: Read the com pleted sente nces to check that they make sense
logically.
11 1 H
so
'So tha t' ha s similar meani ng to ' in order to' .
th eir
We need the possessive adjective here - it 's t he 'energy levels' of
' peo ple' .
most
Th e supe rlative is prese nted he re - 't he most im po rta n t poi nt'.
from
Co m pletes t he stru ctu re 'protec t (some body/something) from
(somebody/so met h ing else)' .
about
We're tnvtnng someone to give us t heir opin ion, to te ll us wha t
they 't hink abou t some t hi ng ' .
4 B
TIP: It's important to focus on using the a ppro priate style and
vocabul ary, not just on mean ing.
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must a nswer all the qu estion s in the letter you have bee n
sent.
You must make sure you produ ce an app rop riate informal let ter: it
must have a suitable opening and closing.
Make sure you see what you need to do:
ide ntify the natio nal dishes
explain which ones are your favourites
say w hen you have your main meal
discuss any cha nges that are hap pen ing to food and eating .
You shou ld think carefully a bout how ma ny words you will use on
eac h section.
Make the most of oppo rtun ities to show how much lang uage you
know. Don't just name foods (afte r all, that won't be in English
anyway). Explain that a d ish is, for exam ple, absolutely delicious, or
very spicy, or coo ked very slowly, or popu lar in the south of the
country, or made only in winte r, and so on .
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must dea l with the questions tha t the exam task includes.
You can use the questions to provide you with a struc ture for your
talk.
For this level, the que stion s a re rather straightforward, so you sho uld
try to int rod uce ideas of your own.
Try to think of different ways in which you ca n com pare - and
contrast - the foods show n in the pictures.
You can expand app aren tly sim ple questions. For exam ple, when you
are asked 'Which would you prefer?', take t he op po rtu nity to talk
abou t you r eating habits in ge neral. You can explain that you ofte n
eat tradit ional food, but that yo u are qu ite health-con scious, an d so
you also eat a lot of salads. However, if you go out to the cinema
with friends in the evening, you are quite likely to get some fast food
to share before the film starts, an d so on.
Higher level
Listening
Speaking
Situational role-play
14 I Exercise regu larly
2 Dress sensibly
:l Get e nough sleep
18
1 I Three.
2 About medical problems they ha ve experien ced .
3 One wo rd in each gap .
TIP: Always read the instructions carefully to make sure you
unde rsta nd exactly what you need to do.
2 1 m ounta in (noun)
2 sm oke (verb )
:l roast chicken (noun )
4 ru n n ing (-i llg form of ve rb)
3 Your own idea s.
182
5
6
7
8
money (n oun )
basketball (nou n)
dangerous (ad jective)
dairy product s (nou n)
4 LISTENING EXAM
1 ladder
The ball was in the tree so Jo hn went on a ladde r to try to gel it.
2 worry
John says t he doctor said 'I shouldn't worrv'. She also said John
should do so me exe rcise.
'
3 soup
He says he 'loves' sou p ' whe n h e's not well'.
4 skiing
Remember the answer must be one wo rd. You can not answer with
'a ll holid ay' or 'go ing the wron g way' etc.
S insuran ce
Gram matic ally. it cannot be 'i nsured', and 'bills' wou ld not make
sense.
6 swi mming
Use of English
She ' loves' swimmi ng. and not being able to ' was th e wo rst
thing',
7 funny
5
2
He t hough t t hey were ' funn y'; it was his parents wh o were
'worried' , an d Agneta who t ho ugh t t hem 's t range',
8 st rawberries
He says he 'must never have an y st rawbe rries', David 's allergic to
stra wb erries.
lIr 18 TRANSCRIPT
Davld
Hi Agneta, hi John .
Agneta
Hi Devid.
John
Hi David.
Davld
Did you hurt your foo t?
Agn eta
It looks terrible!
John
Yes, it doesn't look good, does it? Oh, I was so stupid. I was playing wit h
a ball, and it got stuck up a tree. The only way to get it back was to go
up the tree, I thought, so I got my dad's ladder , and started climbing up
that , but th en I slipped, and so me and the ladder cam e crashing down. I
landed badly on my foot , and so here we are .
Davld
Oh dea r! And is it broken? Will the dama ge be perm anent ?
Agneta
What did the doctor say?
John
She said it's not actually broken, and basically said I sho uldn't worry - it
will fully recover. In the meantime I have to do some gentle exercise .
So I have to rest a lot. But it's OK, I ca n watch TV a lot. And eat , too. I
always love having soup when I'm not well - it's really nice. Anyway,
didn't you damage your foot last year, Agneta?
Agneta
Er, my leg, not foo t, bu t yes, it was horrible. It ruined my holida y. We
we re skiing, and I we nt the wro ng way suddenly som ehow - I do n't
know, but , crack, that wa s that.
John
Awful. And I suppose the ho liday was expensive.. .
Agneta
Yes, and to make matters wo rse my da d, my silly dad , had n't
rem em bered to renew my travel insurance, so I wasn' t insured a t a ll. We
had to pay really big hospital bills.
John
Oh no.
Davld
How long were you out of action?
Agneta
I don 't know, it was wee ks and weeks and wee ks. I hated it because I
cou ld n' t really do anyth ing .
John
1 wou ldn't mind!
Agneta
Yes, but I couldn't eve n go for a walk, and you know how I really love
swimming, so it was completely awful no t being able to go - tha t was the
worst thing.
John
At least you've never broken a nyth ing, David.
Davld
Yes, I'm glad about that.
Agn eta
But on the othe r hand you had that skin thing.
John
Oh, yes, your amazi ng spots.
Davld
last month, yes. There were so many - they seemed funny to me, but I
False.
We read 'coo le r weath er doesn 't cause co ld '.
True .
We read 'd ry a ir ma kes t he nasal cavity mor e susceptible to bugs '.
True.
We read 'cases of co lds a nd nu su rge between the begin n in g of
autumn and spring'.
Patse.
We read 'two to fou r resp irat o ry infecti on s a yea r; ch ild ren even
m or e'.
True.
You also have to read the four possible ans w ers to dec ide t his, as
the gap is whe re a key ve rb wo u ld be (positive or negative). All
four o pt ions seem to encourage you to avoid physical contact.
You may be able to decide without reading the answers if you
read the whole paragraph instead, but it 's less obvious.
False.
We read 'kissing and sh a king hands a re su re ways to catch a cold ' .
5 a
Co mp letes t he phrase 't he ave rage (ad ult)', used to give a typica l
exa m ple to illustra te th e po int you' re making.
6 a
Ihts is th e o n ly wo rd that fits the context logica lly as well as
gram matically,
7 c
You do n 't have to avoid peo ple wit h a co ld comple tely but you
need to be care fu l aro und th em so yo u don't catch a virus from
th em .
8 c
Co mp letes the phrase 'keep (alone's) distance' .
Reading
7
I Because of thi s
2 so
3 Altho ugh
'" as a result Of
TIP: Note the co nnection between cause and effect, an d the various
ways in which yo u can e xpress this.
8 A True.
B False.
They suffe red from 'scu rvy' , bot seasick ness .
C True.
o True .
E False.
A varied diet is mentioned, but weight loss is not connected to
thi s.
f f a lse.
we read 'It has a lon g history' .
G True.
H False.
He in tr oduced a new measur e m ent fo r the 'heat value' o f foods to measure how much e nergy they contain.
fa lse.
There's no mention of Vita m in C in the paragr aph .
183
9 READING EXA M
I A
Thi s paragraph introduces th e topic and the gen eral idea of diets
and dieting.
2 G
Thi s paragraph goes on to explain the 'diffe rent kind ' of diets
introduced in th e previ ous paragraph .
3 I:
This paragraph picks up 'all th ese' - th e list of kind s in th e
previous paragraph - and focuses on the modern meaning.
6 e
' It's a good idea ' + infin itive with ' to' is a good struc ture for
making suggestions and recommendations in a positive way.
1 S SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task makes its requirements clear, and you must talk
about the points it mentions.
The best approach is probably to begin by describing the pictures.
There are oppo rtun ities here for you to show some of the lang uage
you know by describing them in interesting detai l.
Don't forget that you can specu late a little: What treatment is the
young wo man having? Why do you think it is needed ?
Think about the lang uage functions requ ired for the two ques tions in
the exam task. The first requ ires you to explain things, the second to
use appro priate ways to make suqqestlons or recom menda tions.
C
This paragraph begin s with ' it', meaning th e ' h isto ry' at the end
6 11
Th is paragraph tal ks abo ut 't hese', lin king hack to 'diffe ren t
things our bodies need ' in the previou s parag raph .
7 Il
This paragraph link s ' the discovery' to the realisation abo ut
Vitamin C in the previous paragraph.
It
This para graph mo ves on from the previou s one - ' nobod y knew'
- to the work of Atwater.
9 I
This paragraph links 't h is measurement' to the 'calorie' t' mcasure
th e heat value.. .') in th e previous paragraph.
Debate
16 Possible answers:
Hea lth y: gyms- cycle paths, co mmuti ng to work /sch ool by publi c
tran spo rt
Un healt hy: fast food , surfing the Int ern et, uvtng in citie s, so ft drinks
I'lhc catego risation depends o n your own opinion. )
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: First think about wha t ideas are involved: there are actually two
separate statements: our mod ern lifestyle is unh ealthy, and we live
longer than 100 years ago .
Think of things that are unhealthy about the way we live to support
the first statement. Try to think of counter-arguments, as well: what
are the healthy aspects of mod ern living?
Now conside r what you know abo ut life 100 years ago, and how
muc h has chang ed since about the way we live. Don 't forget : you' re
not tested on how mu ch you know about the early 20th century, but
abo ut how well you express you rself in English!
If you don't know somet hing for certain, yo u can say so, for examp le
'I'm not sure if it's true but maybe people ate more mea t and less
vegetables' . Or, you can speculate about the changes 'Working out
and exercising may have becom e more po pular in the last 100 years'.
l ook at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for some useful phrases for
the debate task.
Writing
Writing a letter from the editor (of a student
magazine)
10 1 c
Com pletes t he st ructure: adjective + 'for (someo ne)' + infi n itive
with 'to'. For example, 'it was exc iting for us to visit Australia. '
2 a
Putt ing 'W hat' at th e fron t like t h is is a usefu l way o f makin g
you r focus clear. For exa mple , ' What I find really difficult In
English is t he phrasa l verbs .'
3 a
C
c o mpletes the phrase ' as long as', whi ch mean s ' if'.
S b
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 I d
This is th e first co nd itio nal, here used to make a
recommendation .
2 I
' Fluo ride in your toothpaste' is the subject of th e verb 'makes'.
3 a
'Should ' is for clear adv ice: the time phrase 'every two o r three
mo nths' wo rks like an adverb on the verb 'change' ,
184
b
The
first co nd itional her e co m mun icates a warning of th e bad
outco mes of eat ing certain foods.
'111l' passive is US("d with the verb 'cause'; not e the positi on o f th e
9 Sport
Reading
1 The best summary is b.
2 Possible answers:
I He saw Evcrton play l .tverpool with his dad o n 'IV at hi s uncle's
house.
2 He played in the school team .
3 li e wo n a swimming competi tio n.
4 li e buys a seaso n ticket.
5 Liverpool won the Cha mpions' League.
6 The ir car broke down on the motor way.
3 READING EXAM
I
He answ ers ' I've n ever played for a serious team ', although he also
mentions ha ving played for his school team.
D
His answ er in cludes ' I go alo ng to all th e hom e gam es', and 'I
wea r red every Saturda y'.
5 C
I-Ie refers to watching hi s team winning th e Champions' League
as 'amazing', some he 'still can 't believe'.
6 (j
He tells the story of how h e wanted to go to the I-'t\ Cup Final to
Card iff with his frien d, but th eir car brok e dow n .
Listening
4
Possib le answer:
The recording h about a famous sportsperson, Muhammad AIi. who
was a boxer.
a an d c
State me nt h is about Muham mad Ali's o pin ion a bo ut his
daughter's box i ng. 'A l i ke' m eans 'si m ilar',
2 aand b
' By (a ce rtai n tim e)' a nd 'be fore (a ce rtain lime)' a re sim ilar in
meaning - th ey refe r to t ill' pe riod sta rt ing befor e, t hen finis h in g
at his 25t h birth day.
3 a and c
Statement 1J has th e exact opposite meaning. If so met h ing takes
you less time to do, you can do it ea rlier tha n expected.
6 LISTENING EXAM
1 d
We hear ' he was known ... for h is poetry', He d idn't win three
Olympic go ld medals. but beca me t he heavyweight box ing wor ld
champion three times. He was n't ac tua lly a 'ra pper', t he text only
says his ability co uld have ma de h im o ne.
2 a
3 b
We he a r t hat 'he signed a lucrat ive pro fessiona l co ntr act' very
soon after h is Olympic victory a t the age of 18 . He was a n
amateu r boxer for only 6 years. won most of h is m at ches, and
'became a celebrity', so non e of the other options are correct.
c
We hear ' li e refused to serve in the Ame rican army ... and, as a
resu lt, he lost his championsh ip belt' (the belt bei ng the symbol
of t he cha mpion). His five-year sentence that's me ntioned in the
recor d tng 'was ca nce lled by the Supreme Co urt'.
S d
We hea r ' he ha s not bee n forgo tten'. The reco rd ing co ntrad icts a ll
th e ot he r t hree answe rs.
~ 19
TRANSCRIPT
You must have hea rd about Muha mmad AIi - pro bab ly the most famous
athlete and one of the best- known people in the world. But what do you
actually know about his life?
He was the first three -time heavyweight boxing champion of the world.
He was known for his powerful fists as well as for his poetry. His ability to
compose rhymes on the run could easily qua lify him as the first rapper. He
won an Olympic go ld meda l and laler threw it into a river in prot est
against racism in America.
Ali's interest in box ing began whe n he was 12. He was livi ng in a poor
black neighbourh ood in Louisville, together with his parents and broth er
Rudy. One day, when his new bicycle got stolen , Ali repo rted the fact to a
local policeman Ice Martin . He was furious and said that he was going to
beat up the thief. Martin was the boxing coach at the toutsvtlle's Club
and he also had a TV show called 'Tomo rrow's Cha mpions'. Seeing Ali's
de terminat ion, he suggested that the boy learned to fight.
Ali passionately devoted himself to amateur boxing. He t rained hard and
soon became a celebrity in his hometown. Within the next few years, he
won 100 of his 108 matches. At 18, he became Olympic gold medallist
and very soon he signed a lucrative professional contract.
In the 1960s, Ali became one of the mos t cont roversial figures in his
cou ntry. He refused to serve in the American a rmy in Vietnam for religious
reasons a nd, as a result, he lost his cham pionship belt. He was also
sente nced to five years in prison , but later the sente nce was cancelled by
the Supreme Court.
Muhammad Ali retired from boxing in 198 1 and soo n afterwards he wa s
diagnosed with Pa rkinson 's disease. However, he rem ained active in
various fields and he has not bee n forgotten. In 1999, he was nam ed
Sportsman of the Century by one of the biggest sports magazi nes. In the
same year, Ali's daughter Laifa made her debut as a boxer despite her
father's earlier comments against female boxing.
Use of English
1
watch
We norma lly say 'watch tsomeuu ng) on TV'.
2 com pete
Completes th e p hrase 'com pete fo r (a pr ize )'.
3 score
You can w in matches, but goa ls or po in ts a rc sco red.
.. play
It's a good idea to memorise which sports and games we 'play',
'do' and which we refer to with 'go' + -illS form.
S does
See the note for -t.
6 hi t
Do n' t con fuse how you get points in competitive sports with t he
result. You hit t he ball to sum:. a point.
7 sailed
We nor m ally use 'sail ' to refer to travelling by boat.
8 is played
Passive is needed he re.
Writing
Writing an emait
9 1 Basketball is played by a lmost every boy in m y region .
2 Olym pic cha m pio ns arc ad m ired by eve ryo ne.
3 A to ta l of ten go ld medal s we re won by our coun try in th e last
Olym pic Games.
4 Spor t will be played by fewer young peo ple in t he future, I' m
afraid. / I'm afraid spo rt will be played by fewer young peo ple in
the future.
5 The league championship final was watched by over 20 million
people.
10 There's nobody in the world as mad on sport .il5: my siste r. She wakes
up ta lking about it, and plays it ~ second she can of the day. I
th in k she dreams about it at night. Her bed room walls ardblodroo m
~ is covered in pos te rs o f fam o us spo rtspeople. All he r frien ds are
just !..llt same. I'm t!illill)' dif fer en t. I ca n ta ke it or lea ve it. I watch a
ga me o f foo tba ll occasion ally, but o nly if there isn 't i'! goo d film o n.
11 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must write abo ut exac tly what the exam task asks you to
write about.
Make sure you notice the words ' in your reg ion', and that you make
this the focus of your message.
You only have up to SOwords for your mesiage, and there is a lot to
say - three points altogether. Plan how many words to spend on
each point befo re you start writing.
If you miss a po int out, you will lose marks.
It you include some reasons for what you say, you will get more
ma rks.
Write in a neut ral style, as you do n't know th e people you're writing
to.
2 "
18S
13
19 I just
2 soon
TIPS: You must talk about all five of the aspects that the exam task
specifies.
With two pictures and five things to consider, you have a useful
structure provided for you to talk about.
You should probably begin by describing the two photos in a fairly
straightforward way, while you collect your thoughts. Then you can
move on to the discussion side of the task.
You can express your own opinions, as long as you also show you are
aware that there are other ways of considering the subject. For
example, you cou ld say something like: 'Persona lly, I'm very happy
just to be playing spo rt. I'm not too worried about winning, or
losing. But I can see that these three girls look very ha ppy, and I think
that this may be becau se they have just won a race. So I g uess that
winning is really import ant for them .. .'
5 B
Completes the struc ture 'a (ad jective) way' + in fin itive with 'to' .
14 WRITING EXAM
Higher level
Reading
1 The best answer is 2.
In the second paragraph , we read ' Ex perimen ts involving overweight
children ... showed that those who had to pedal when they wanted
to watch their favourite programmes .. . watched far less television '.
2 Possible answers;
2 Experiments involving overweight children aged between eight
and twelve showed that those who had to pedal when they
wanted to watch their favourite programmes not only watched far
less te levisio n, but also recorded impressive loss of fat. (pa ragrap h
Speaking
2)
3 Hut there are other t hings we could do that are only lim ited by
our imagina tio ns . (the last line in parag raph 3)
4 Mr Alliso n once proposed t hat people shou ld be charged to travel
in lifts in an effort to encou rage th em to use t he sta irs. (th e first
sentence in paragraph 4 )
5 Mr Allison ... said t hat 13% of Ame rican children were co ns idere d
serious ly over w eight. (second sen tence in pa ragraph 4)
6 Ch ildren who had the 'couch potato 'IV sets' watched on ave rage
one hour of television a week w hile children in a second 'cont rol'
grou p watc hed more than twenty hours. (last sentence in t he
article)
Situational role-play
1S I Me you more interested in playing or watching/watc h ing or
2
16
I A and C
1\ and D
]
4
AandC
AandC
5 Ba nd D
6 B and O
TIP: Notice that the order of true /false statements follows the order
of information in the article.
3 READING EXAM
I T
TIPS: There are fou r things you must do in this exam task, and they
are clearly listed for you.
For the d iscussion to be interesting a nd effective, you need to
develop the ideas. Askyour partner to give reasons, to explain why
he or she says what he or she says. In the same way, when you ge t to
the final part of the discussion, you must make sure that you give
your reasons for choosing to recommend the sports that you do.
Picture-based discussion
186
2 F
3 F
-I T
5 F
6 F
Listening
4 Your o w n ideas.
5
1 a
17 SPEAKING EXAM
18
5 better
6 long
20 SPEAKING EXAM
.,
TIPS: Your lett er must cove r all the requir ed points in eno ugh de tail.
You need to spend at least 60 words on average on each point. Make
sure you have e noug h ideas prepared - don 't just start writing and
hope the ideas will come. (Eve n if they do come, they won't co me in
the right order.)
For the first point, don't just list the names of a few sports. Give this
some inte rest. and use different verb tenses, by saying which sports
you used to play (but don't now), which sports you play better, or
worse, or with whom, what time of yea r, and so on.
For the second point, really try to explain your reasons. Whatever
your attitude, it isn't right or wrong - but it does need to be made
clear.
For the third point, try to think in different ways. Health may be the
obvious aspect to mention, but there are all sorts of other aspects
too, from discipline, to psychology.
Write your letter in a friendly, informal way to your penfrien d.
3 toget he r
4 very
2e
3 b-ld
5 c
7 LISTENING EXAM
clothes
We hear ' making sure you 're wearing the proper clothes. You need
them to protect you .. .'
2 altitude
We're told to 'build up the right attitude.' This is explained to us:
' If you don't expect to win , don 't be lieve you 're going to , then
you won't.' 'Ve must put a noun in the gap, so we can't write
'be lieve', fo r example.
J ambition
We 'need ambition ' to deve lop pe rformance - 'to get better and
stro nger an d faster.'
4 relax
Because 'tension can be a real enemy,' we must learn how to ' make sure yo u know how to' - 'relax' when not training - ' in the
time when yo u're not on your bike.'
I
5 eat
The trainer says, ' Yo u must cut properly, all th e right foods and
no ne of the wrong foods.' If not , o ur perf o rmance will decrease 'wit ho ut t he righ t stuff go ing in , yo ur body won 't give o f its best .'
6 healthy
We shou ld stay - ' keep' - healthy.
~ 20
Use of English
2
-t
.5
TRANSCRIPT
Cycling trainer
Good eve ning everyon e. Now, we'll be going thro ugh to th e gym in a
m inute, but I'll just say a few wo rds about training and race prepar ation
first. There are many factors to cons ider. The first thing of all is your
ma chin e. Choos ing th e righ t bike for you is where it all kicks off from . But
no less import ant than that is making sure you' re wearing th e pro per
clothes. You need them to protect you from th e elements and also in the
event of falling off your bike. OK, but it's no t all visible things tha t co unt.
You ca n have the best bike in the world, but you wo n't win anyt hing
un less yo u build up the right attit ude. If yo u do n't expect to win, do n' t
believe you 're going to, then yo u wo n't. And an integ ral part of this is
wa nting to get bett er - you need a mbition if yo u' re going to get bett er
and stronge r an d faster. And you also need a bit of intelligence to go with
it. 50 ed ucate yourself, lea rn abo ut th e tec hnical side of racing - study a
bit of physics, check the det ails of the race co urse, wha t gear to use
where, and so on. Right, well, the rest of my advice conce rns what you
do off the bike - which is very important too. Tension can be a real
enemy. Make sure you know how to re lax in the time when you' re not on
you r bike. Then you re-ch arge your batteries. Stressed out riders do n't win
- they just ge t to the doctors quicke r! Related to this is diet. You m ust eat
properly, all the right foods an d none of the wrong foods. Without the
right stuff going in, your body won't give off its best. Your body is as
much of a machine as you r bike, so look after it. Don't smoke, drin k, stay
up lat e - always keep healthy. Well, those are th e basics. l et's go throu gh
now and the n you ca n see what
harmful
We need an adj ect ive aft er th e adv erb .
facilitate
We need a verb here. The 'to' is part o f t he infi n it ive, not a
preposi t ion .
ide n tify
We co uld use either wor d after ' help' but we wo u ld need 'of after
the no un ' iden tification', a nd the defi n ite a rticle 'the' befo re il.
important, an unnecessary
The first .....ord m ust be an adject ive to co m plete t he statement.
For the second word, you must co nsi der .....hat the statement
means: an 'int rusion' is a negative t hing. something that affects
people's lives in a way they don't want.
decided, prest ige
The first word must be t he th ird form of the verb to complete a
passtve sentence. Th e mea ni ng o f 'decisive' is 'very important fo r
the fin al resu lt' , which doesn't suit the con tex t. Th e seco nd word
is a noun beca use it co mes after t he article 'the'.
disagree
Both a re poss ible grammattcally, but th e statem en t o n ly m a kes
Sl' IlSC if yOll use th e negat ive verb.
"'C
dtsusc
n ouns
adj ectives
adv erbs
"'"
useful
useless
uselessly
usage
user
disuse
usefully
" 'Od
disuse d
nffessary
u nnecessary
neccssarny
u nnccessarfly
offence
offender
offe nsive
of fensively
qualify
d isqualify
qual ification
q ualifi er
q uality
d isq ua lificatio n
qualifying
d isqualifying
suffice
(su fficiency)
(ins ufficiency)
sufficien t
insufficien t
sufficie nt ly
in suffici entl y
co m pete
co m pe tit ion
co m petitor
competit iveness
inco m pe tence
competit ive
compcttttvely
(spcctate)
spectacle
spectator
spectacu lar
spectacularly
necessitate
necessity
refuse
refusa l
offend
-t
.5
use
We need a nou n aft er ' the'.
necessita tes
The long clause be fore t he verb is the subject 'The use .,. of
subs ta nces ... considered as do p ing', a nd 'disciplinary act ion' is
t he sub ject. The m eaning is: ' Doping ma kes it necessary to take
disciplinary action', in other words 'to punish' people for doping.
refusal
We need a no un after 't he',
offences
You haw to think about the mea n ing he re. What you 'repeat' are
th e unacceptable actio ns , in other wo rds 'offences '. You' li need to
use th e pl ural fo rm , as we' re referring to repe ated occas ions.
d isq ualificatio n
We know it must be a noun because it follows the lnd cfl nltc
a rticle 'a' . The co n te xt makes it cle ar th e word refe rs to ti ll'
pun ish m en t t hat peopl e who use doping rece ive.
insufficien t
You ne ed to read the who le paragra ph to make sure we ne ed a
neganve adje ct ive here. Th e text sugges ts th e problem is even
mort' co mplex th an it first ap pea rs,
co m pet itors
The mea n ing is important here. The sentence tal ks about people
wa n ting to ac hieve more than the people t hey a rc compet ing
aga inst, mor e than thei r 'co mpetitors'.
spectacular
We need an adjective to tell us what kind of 'results',
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
12 Your ow n ideas.
13 Possible an swers:
Definition uf sport :
or gani sed physica l acti vit y in co m pet itio n
Ad vanta ges of spurt:
helps you concentrat e on study ing
encou rages team buil di ng
keeps you fit
makes people feel proud
Disa d va ntages of spo rt:
too com petit ive
makes people who don't like it feel excluded
crea tes conflict
And your ow n ideas.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must ca refully construct a clear and log ica l argument for
this exam task. The content is up to you - the ide as need to be your
ow n.
You need to give your essay a strong structure, so that the reader can
easily follow what you wan t to say.
Use facts, and then build arg uments up . For e xam ple, describe the
situation regard ing Physical Education in yo ur scho ol. Say how much
there is, and wha t you do. Then say whether it is useful o r not a nd
why. Say what it's like for peopl e wh o are n' t good at it. Say, moving
on, what could happen if yo u did n't a ll do it. Say how these ot he r
th ings wou ld and wo uldn't be useful fo r individ ua ls and the school.
Use an appropriate fo rmal style throughout your essay.
Speaking
15 I nervou s
2 feeling
3 motivated
4 m depe ndent
S sec ta!
TIP: Make sure the words fit the sentences logically as well as
grammatically,
16 To be l!!mill l don't really enjoy looking at these Images! S'X)rt isn't
something t hat interests me much . I mean, of co urse I can see that
lots of peo ple like it. Some people are co mpletely obsessed ~ it m y brother, for example. I think t he problem for me is that I was
bad at spo rt when I started school, and t he sp o rts teac her ma de it
ve ry skar that thi s was tru e! So we never really had a close
conversa tio n lihfI~ the o ne he re. because I was never in t he
team, Spor t always mak es m e fee l left Q.1J.1 of t hi ngs, not a') good as
o the r people.
187
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : You must discuss fully the co mparisons and co ntrasts tha t the
exam task requires of yo u here.
You need to spec ulate qui te a lot so th at you can respond to th e task.
Say wh at yo u imagine the different people m ight be talking about, o r
what they m ight be feetinq.
Bring in your own relevant experiences. It doesn't matte r whether
your experiences a re positive or negativ e - you (an use them here.
J d ifferent
In H, th e t h ing that you 'prefer' is the t hing that you thin k is
better o r m o re interesting.
-4 different
If you 'wonder', you really don't know, but if you 'e xpect '
something to happen you believe that it will happen.
7 LISTENING EXAM
I
18 Possible answers:
for : risk, adrena line rus h, cha lle ngi ng yo ur body. doing so mcthtng
di ffe re n t. you nee d relia ble equipmen t, danger is exc tung. se nse of
ach ieve m e nt, fun
Aga in st: risk, yo u need relia ble eq uip me n t, accid ents
And yo ur ow n ideas.
2 T
\Iaria says: 'I' d forgo tten to eat before we went, so I kept wanting
it to e nd, so I co u ld go an d get so me t hing to ea t.'
3 T
Davld says: ' it's t rue it was lo ng, but th at 's beca use rtn ecdcd to
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: In t his task type, yo u often find a state ment that ta kes a n
extreme view point, so it's easier for yo u to take sides for or aga inst it.
First of a ll, de cide if you ag ree or disagre e.
Use the ideas generated by exercise ' 8 to start pla nn ing your
arguments.
l oo k at the Speaking Ban k on page 128, so you can use a ra nge of
different phrases to respon d to your pa rtner's argu me nts.
Success in this task is measu red by how well you com munic ated your
own ideas, and how well you respo nded to your partner's ideas - not
by who persuaded whom in the end.
3 READING EXAM
1 F
The sente nce gives an exa m ple of w ha t 'ce rta in kinds' of news
yo u find in a tabloid.
4 H
'The m' a nd ' t he ir' here refe r to th e 'cele brit ies' m entio ned befor e
the ga p.
S G
The sen tence mentions ' these acc usa tio ns' whic h refers to th e
things th at ta bloids we re accused of, me nti oned before t he gap.
6 A
We read after the gap about 'a co nsequence of this attitu de',
referring to the tab loids' view 'that the public has the righ t to
kno w anythmg and everything, but celebrities ha ve no righ ts to
privacy at all' .
7
n
'Maybe the reason' begins the answer to the question before the
gap: 'Why ... does Britain ... co nsu me tabloids like chocolate?'
Listening
4 I t he
2
DC
:l 10
4 w it h
6
7
8
9
10
5 abo ut
5 Your o wn ideas.
6
188
havc/usc/tnduuc
sa me
'Turn o ut' means 'become'.
2 same
If you're 'hungry', it's because you 'want something to eat'.
Anna says that it wasn't her ' kind of film' - so she wasn't look ing
fo rward to it. She ha d a nice time. though: ' However. it turned
out pretty well'.
Debate
4 F
. . 21 TRANSCRIPT
Marla
Anna
Well, Marta, wh en David sugges ted go ing ...
Davld
Oh I see, blam e me, is it?
Anna
Oh no, [ agree d to co me, although, ge nerally speaking, it's just not my
kind of film, you know, historical. However, it turned out pretty well, as far
as I'm co ncerned.
Davld
That's a relief, then. What about you, Maria?
Marla
Not bad, I guess. Actually, you know, I'd forgotten to eat before we went,
so I kept wanting it to end, so I could go and get something to eat - very
silly. It sto pped me concentrating properly - the film seemed to go on too
long.
Ann a
And you, David?
Davld
Well, it's true it was long, but tha t's bec ause it needed to be, I th ink. It's a
complicated story.
Marla
Hrn, wh ich doesn 't make it a good o ne, I'm afraid. But the setting of the
film, and the changes between locatio ns we re a ll good, and kept you
involved - actually, in spite of the story, if you see wh at I mea n.
Anna
Maybe you sho uld do what I did then ...
Davld
Which is... ?
Anna
Read the book. I read it I suppose a year ago a nd loved it. That was the
other thing that made me want to go. But the book is still the more
interesting version. So, do try it, Maria.
Marta
OK, maybe I will.
Da vld
I don 't know about the book, though I wondered about the DVD for my
sister's birthd ay, which is coming up soon. But she doesn't like the small
screen, so I'm going to buy her a co uple of tickets instea d.
Marla
She sho uld like tha t.
Anna
Yeah .
Da vld
Now, what about seeing if...
Use of English
8
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must answer the que stions that your penfriend asks yo u. If
you don't, yo u' ll lose ma rks.
Remember the purpose your penfriend has in asking these qu estions
- to find out about the best loved wo rk of art . If you do n't write
about this subject. yo u won' t be he lping.
Don't wo rry if you feel yo u don 't know very m uch . Your pen friend
asks, ' How much do yo u know abo ut its history?' You can say that
you don 't know much.
You o nly have about 50 wor ds. Do n't write any less tha n 40 o r mo re
th an 60, and try hard to write between 45 and 55. (You can lose
points for writing too much!)
Remember you also need to open a nd close your em ail to your
penfriend, so make sure you can fit everyth ing you want to say into
th is rat her sho rt space.
Romantic fa n tasy.
You fi nd t he information i n line 2.
NOTE: Notice that the inform ation is given in the review in th e same
orde r as the q uestio ns.
Actors 'play' their rol es. We o n ly use 'perform' whe n talk ing
about a speciftc perfo rma nce in a t heatre: 'Sir la n Mck etlen ofte n
performs on stage'.
2 E
Whe n we use 'a long' befor e 'wi t h, it means ' toget he r wit h ' - it
doesn't refer to mo vem ent or space (like in 'w e wa lked along th e
river ').
3
14
(J
J
4
4 F
We oft en use 'what I like/liked about (so met h ing) is/was' to make
a stro nger sta tem e nt about a pa rt icular aspect of o ur experience
than just say ing ' I liked (som et hing)'.
5 H
1S I f
2 a
3 e
4 b/cl g
S clglb
6 g/c/b
4, S a nd 6 a ll re late to ' what yo u liked abo ut it'.
TIPS: There are five thing s listed which you mu st include in this
informa l review of a performance.
You can write about them in any o rde r you choose.
Don't forge t to include a suitable opening and closing for your letter.
The last two po ints in the list give the o ppo rtun ity to show some
interesting vocabulary a nd a good range of structu res.
Try to includ e sente nces like, 'Wha t I found really impressive about
the pe rformance was (the way tha t the musicians see med to play as
o ne)' or ' I have to say tha t I was a litt le disappointed by (the lack of
atmosphere at the co ncert)'.
Writing
10 There's i! wonderfu l statue in City Par k, w hich is on ly i! few m inut es'
wa lk fro m where I live. It's absolutely fascinatin g. It's tu: Geo rge Frtn.
a loca l sculptor. It ~ Hen ry Moore m ade it. I don 't know ve ry
m uch about it , except tha t it ~ pu t in the park when I was sti ll in
a pushchair. These da ys, I love gQing/12..gQ th ere with m y book, an d
the n I ill next to it a nd read and look up at it an d sm ile.
11
7 d
16 WRITING EXAM
8 A
Writing an email
Speaking
Situational role- play
17
18
Now, the first o ne which we sho u ld dcfln ltely orga n ise is the
guided tour.
Do you t hink they'll find it in teresting?
Yes, because th ey'Jl learn abo ut o ur histor y.
But the y cou ld learn about th at in th e mu seum .
Well, t hey wouldn't be ab le to en joy fresh a ir a t t he sa me tim e,
would th ey?
Or th e lovely rain .
Don 't be pessimistic. Anyw ay, w hat e lse?
Th ey'll be hungry aft er all that wa lking, so the resta ura nt.
Tha t' s good id ea - w it h loca l specia lities.
189
TIP: Notice how in both exe rcises 1 7 and 18 the sentences always
have something that refers back the sentence they are respondi ng to.
First loo k through the lists, looking for these clues. When you've
co mpleted the task, read through the dialogue s aga in to check they
make sense.
3 A
None of the othe r phrases fit th e conte xt. The sen te nce co nt rasts
th e way 'modern psych iat ry would consid er' hi s vision s with how
're al' they were to Slake h im self.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the seve n things that are listed in the
exam task. You must also choo se three as the events to organise.
It's important to get the balance right here . You don 't wa nt to rush
through everything, and fail to show that you can spea k in a complex
way. On the othe r hand, you don 't want to discuss the first few
things in too m uch detai l, and then run out of time.
As a minimum , you need to think of one positive th ing and one
negative th ing to say about each item on the list.
You should also react to wha t your part ner says.
PictureMbased discussion
20 I [think th e girl en joys being by lllliclf.
Listening
4
2
3 She's sitti ng outside, and she's wear ing i! 'l-sh lrt. so it's probably
in th e sum mer.
-I Thi s is probably a gro up o f friends, or coll eagu es perhaps, .lli!..tln&
a meal toge the r.
5 Somebody just told a joke, I t hin k, beca use th ey're all lau gh ing.
6 I can't see exac tly w hat's on the ir plates, bu t it 's probabl y qu ite
t>m:.
we use 't aste' to talk about food as well as more a bst ract things. A
picture, or sto ry can be 'tasteful', or t he way yo u dress - but th e
food is usually 'tas ty '.
7 Persona lly, I find th e restauran t photo more ~, becau se
they're clea rly having fun .
21 1 depends
2 like
j
take
-I gets
5 cha nge
6 ne ed
7 go
22 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : There are really three stages to this task, and you must talk
about all three of them.
Firstly, you need to describe the pictures. Try to see them in relation
to each other, rat her than as sepa rate independent things .
Secondly, you need to express you r opinion about which on e is more
appealing to you.
Thirdly, you need to exp lain something about you r own ways of
spe nding you r free time.
Use you r imag inat ion. Speculate as much as you can: Why are these
peo ple ther e? What were they do ing before? How long will this scene
last?
Find appr opriate phrases for specu lating in the Speaking Bank on
page 128 .
Higher level
Reading
112
Sentence ( gives detail s abo ut h is family: ' his fath e r' and ' h is
mot he r' and w hat th ey did for a nvtng .
2 "
c
'These skills' refers to reading an d writing me nt ioned in -I.
S d
annually' .
3 READING EXAM
I F
There is a con tra st between how Hlakc 'is today rega rded ' a nd the
fact that 'd ur ing his lifeti me h e was largely ignored '.
2 11
The sentence afte r t he ga p goes on to descr ibe how make's
'vision ary powe rs t ransformed' the city in his imagination.
Gra mmatically, D m ight be possi ble, but it does n't lin k in with
the description that follows.
190
lJ
:i
-I
5
6
do ing
we use all -ing form after 'e n joy'.
[ust
Meaning 'simply'.
o ut
The tw o ph rasal ve rbs with oppos ite me anings arc 'st ay in' a nd
'go out'.
with
Co m pletes the phrase 'spend tim e with (somebody)'.
befo re
Co m pletes the phrase 'a lo ng t ime before'.
of
We o ften use 'of' to say w hat kin d of 'exam ples' we're talking
about.
5 You r ow n ideas.
6 You r ow n ideas.
A
The speaker says that, ' I just wait to sec wh at my friends suggest. I
just want to be with them, do ing whatever.'
S lJ
This spea ker says 'I ten d to be mo re act ive in th e winter, act ua lly.'
TIP: As well as unde rstan drnq why the correct answer is the correct
answer in each case, you sho uld also make sure you understa nd why
the incorrect answer s a re inco rrect. Do this by reading carefully
through the transcript of the recording below and co mpa ring the
information to the statement s in the task.
Speaker 5
I' m studying so hard a t the moment fo r my exams that I can't go wild at
the weekends. But I like hangi ng aro und the park with my friends
sometimes, or maybe going for a bike ride by myself. It de pends. I tend
to be more act ive in the winter, act ually - going to the gym, or helping
my dad with stuff in the house .
Use of English
9
I b
We' re tal kin g ab out a person, so we need 'who' to introduce th e
non-de finin g re lative clause.
2 a
' Free of charge' m eans the re is no ad m issio n fee, yo u don't have
to pay to go in th e Museum .
3 c
We need Pa st Perfect to say w hat ha d h appe ned before another
eve n t in t he pa st: 'w he n he decided 10 sell th em '.
10 Possible answers:
1 A la rge colle ct ion of Greek scu lptu res.
2 In th e Duveen Galle ry, in th e Briti sh Museum.
3
4
16 Your ow n idea s.
17
2 A
j:
4 G
5 E
6 D
7 B
1B SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You must ta lk about the three que stions that the exam task
includes.
Remember that the re aren' t really rig ht and wrong an swers here. If
you do n't understa nd the stati stics in the graphs a nd say things that
are factua lly wrong, the examiner won't mind. The exam is a
language exam.
It's probably a good approac h to treat th e g raph s as if th ey were
pictur e s. Describe what you can see as you look at them - don 't sit
for a lo ng time in silence, trying to understand all the numbe rs
before yo u start speaking . The examin er cannot give yo u marks for
being silent.
Notice th at the three qu estion s are all ab out yo ur o pinio ns - the
answers to these ques tion s aren't to be found in t he numbers, but in
yo ur ideas .
You can also be open about wha t yo u don't know. For example, you
can say, 'I have to say that I've ne ver really tho ug ht ab out exactly
how much time I spe nd on things like this before. So I don't know if I
spend this average am oun t of 30% of my free tim e sleeping . But to
be ho nest, I'm sure I go ou t mor e th an 10% of the time .'
Writing
OPTIONS
this unit. rOll ClIII choose to write Cl book re\'iew or a literary essay. Read
th rough tile two exam ta sks 011 pages 104 and 105, and decide which 0111' you
would like to COlleel/trate 01 1.
III
2 price
3 twist
4 descripti on
S interruption
8 c
Picture-based discussion
7 be
12 I set
7 a
Speaking
6 10
6 e
5 f
TIPS: Decide o n a book that you know and remember welt because
you have to recall quite a lot of key detail s accurately.
Plan your writing first. Make brief notes on each of the points in the
instruct ions. Choose one or two of the mo st impo rta nt thing s lo r
each point that yo u would like to focus o n.
Expand your notes into paragraphs. Don 't forge t to make it clea r in
the opening sentence of a pa rag raph what yo u' re go ing to discuss.
When you 're mo ving on a new idea, start a new paragraph - don't
try to make too many po ints at t he same time .
After yo u have finished, check that yo u have w ritte n between 200
and 250 words . Check that you have discu ssed all five of the point s
from the instru ctions . Check for any spelling o r grammar mistake s,
to o.
with
Completes t he phrase ' be fam iliar with (so me t h ing)' mea ning
' kno w (so me t h ing) well'.
o ne
Th e re a re o t her key ex h ibits in th e Mu seum, and th e Elgin
Marb les are one of th ese.
on
The ph rase 'o n show' m ean s 't hat ar e sho wn/ t hat ca n be seen' .
come/o riginat e
Th e se nte nce tells us about th e o rigins o f th e Marbl es, using
'co me from '. 'O rigina te from ' is mo re formal.
reason
' For th at reason ' me ans 'b eca use o f that'.
4 h
S "
3 d
them.
4 ,
Comple tes th e st ruc ture ' m ake (so m eth ing)' + adj ect ive.
2 g
TIP: These are all key wo rds for a literary essay, so it's worth learni ng
11 Travel
Reading
1 The co rrect e nd ing is a.
2 1 natu re reserves
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
resorts
tour o pe rat or
tour guides
o ff-t he -beaten -track holiday
domesti c tourism
beac h ho liday (o r, possib ly, sun-and-se a to urism)
cru ises
191
3 t'osstble answer'):
A 'Back in the 19S0s and early 1990s .. Africans ... bui lt big concrete
hotels on the beaches of ... overcrowded reso rts that t hat were
trying to look like the xtenterranean.'
B 'Tour ists ... expecting to enjoy the comforts of home ... packed
into overcrowded resorts.'
C 'Tod ay's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels for more
authentic experiences ... offered by ... the Xhosa themselves,
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures.'
D "I h e money they earn will provide Xhosa tour guides with an
income two and a half times the average local wage.'
E ' Despite difficulties, internationa l and domestic tourism is
expected to grow fast over the next t\VO decades.'
F ... the number of Asian, a nd par ticularly Chinese, tourists is
pred icted to ex plode .'
G ... su n-a nd -sea tourism still dominates.'
If ' Ame rica ns and Euro pea ns are now taking shorter hut more varied
tri ps, causi ng ti ll' ra pid dev elo pment of adven ture travel,
ccoto u ns rn, cultu ral tours, spa ho lida ys, cruises an d spo rts
vacations in ever more distant places: Ch ina, the Matdtves.
Botswa na ... l.ocal govern me nts an d firms are t rying ha rd to
sat isfy this new demand.'
4 READING EXAM
AF
BT
() F
C F
E F
F T
G T
If F
5 Possible answers:
1 They realised that tourism might be a way out of poverty
2 They were trying to look like the Mediterranean.
3 'rou nsts are trying more authentic experiences, and adventure
travel, ecotourtsm. cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises a nd sports
vacations are beco ming po pul a r.
4 A global recession and the te rrorist att acks of 9/11.
S A rise in globa l wealth, improving tra nsport technology, cheaper
nigh ts and the use o f th e Intern et as a travel tool.
(j People will ta ke shorter, hut more varied t rips ins tead of a two wee k beac h h olida y. weste rn tou rists wi ll choose mor t' exot ic,
ind ivid ualised experiences.
Listening
6 1 Two women. They are friends . One of them is called I'aula.
2 l'aula 's holiday in France.
TIP: It's easier to understand the information in a recordinq if you
know what to expect. so it's always a good idea to read through the
instructions and the task quickly before the recordinq starts.
7 I Same.
2 Same.
3 Different.
4 Different.
S Different.
6 Different .
7 Same.
TIP: Think about what different ways you can use to express the
same ideas.
8 LISTENING EXAM
I
c
We hear ' It's great to Sl'C yo u!' When Meg asks l'a ula: 'Have you
been ill?', she rep lies 'No'. Befo re th is Meg also says : 'You look
fan tastic!' - so bot h other a nswe rs are wron g.
2 a
Wc hear 'I was so excited, I just cou ld n't wait to go'.
3 b
We hear 'Sheila ... promised to come over to our place to feed the
hamster'.
b
we hear ' the weather turned stormy, and I was terribly seasick all
the way across the Channel '.
S c
We hear ' J ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only
thing I can 't complain ahout'.
6 c
We hear 'we decided to shorten our stay and left afte r just ten
days '. when l'aula mentions that their Flat was flooded. she refers
to the fridge that had broken down, not 'a flood'. When we say 'a
flood', we usually mean a natura l disaster, a river flood.
TIP: Read th rough the transcript below carefully to see why the
incorrect answers are wrong. All of t he things mentio ned in these
answers are in the recording, but what you hea r usually contradicts
the statements about them.
192
SM ART AN SW ER KEY
~ 23
TRANSCRIPT
Paula
Hi Meg!
Me.
Pauta! It's great to see you! You look fantastic!
Paula
Oh, do I? That's strange. I should be looking awful.
Me.
Why? Have you been ill?
Paula
No. not that. It's just that trip to Paris. It was a nightmare!
Me.
Really? You must be joking ! Don't tell me you didn't have a good time.
When you told me you were going I was green with envy.
Paula
No wond er, I was so excited I just couldn't wait to go. Now I wish we'd
go ne to the Lake District or even just stayed at home.
Me.
But what was so bad about it?
Paula
Well, in the beginn ing everything looked all right. Mark's boss gave him
two weeks off witho ut too much trouble, the children went to stay with
Mark's mo ther, and Sheila - you know, my younger sister - promised to
come over to our place to feed the hamster. So we packed our suitcases
and set off.
Meg
Oh no!
Paula
And that was just the beg inning. During t he passage the weather turned
stormy, and I was te rribly sea-sick all the way across the Cha nnel.
Me.
Oh, poor you!
Paula
Yeah, it was horrid. Then, when we arrived in Calais, it was so late that we
had to look for somewhere to spend the night.
Meg
Oh dea r!
Paula
Yes, but that's not all! On the way to Paris the next day we had a
puncture, so Mark had to change the tyre, the hotel where we'd booked
a room turned out to be terribly noisy, it was pouring with rain most 01
the time, and some of the galleries I wanted to visit were closed .
Meg
No surprise there!
Paula
Hmmm, so in the e nd, we decided to shorten our stay a nd left after just
te n days. You can imagine our return trip - I was unh appy, Mark was mad
at me because of the mo ney, and, when we got home, the flat was
flooded.
Meg
Flooded?
Paula
Yes, we couldn't believe it! When we were away, Sheila let the hamster out
of the cage for a while, and the horrid creature bit through the fridge
cable. Of course, she didn't even notice, but when we got back, there was
water all over the kitchen floor and all the food in the fridge had gone off.
Me.
What a nightmare!
Use of English
9 I
2
3
4
S
2 noi sier
sentence.
8 as comfortable
Co m pletes the st ructu re 'as ' + ad ject ive + 'as (someth ing)', whic h
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
11 Your own ideas .
12 Your own ideas.
13
Man y peop le pre fer to drive to wor k, desp ite th e fact t ha t th ey
often spend a lon g lim e sitti ng in t raffic jams
Peop le spen d large sums of mon ey o n cars in orde r to have stat us
and privacy.
3 Green act ivists don 't understand that ma ny peo ple don 't belie ve
how bad the env iron men ta l situat ion is.
4 Public trans por t is slow and uncomfortable, with the result that
peop le often prefer to use their cars.
S Unless the govern ment takes acti on , t he trans po rt situa tion will
get worse.
2
6 a
7 -
Speaking
.s
21 You r ow n ideas.
22 Your ow n ideas.
23 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must consider the issues that the exam task requires of you
he re.
You should probably spend the first couple of minutes desc ribing the
pictu res from the point of view of the two questions ..
Talk abo ut what you see and how you feel about it.
There are no right or wrong answers.
After you have talked abo ut the pictures here, you need to move
your discussion on to form s of transport which aren't pictured here,
so make sure you talk abo ut several, and think of good and bad
things abou t them .
Higher level
Reading
1
3 D
4E
SA
6C
2 READING EXAM
1 c
We read abo ut And rew's ' 7,OOO-m ile walk from the sout h of Italy'
in the first paragraph , an d in t he next paragraph he men tions
tha t '1 m igh t never have left t hat pleasant Mediterran ean beach',
his sta rting point .
2 a
Situational role-play
16 1 ,",Vha t's !.lll: last holi day you had ?
20 1 Right. B
2 Wrong. A
It's a n ewspap er, not a magazine.
3 Right. B
4 Right. A
5 Wrong. B
Both cyclists are look ing ahead.
6 High t. A
7 Wrong. C
There is a traffic jam on the near side of the road , the cars are
travellin g freely on the other side.
S Wrong . B
The pe rson in the dark jacket is cycling outside the lane, ma rked
by t he yellow line and t he symbol.
the
3 a
4 the
5 th e
S t he
9 a
10 a
TIPS: You must presen t a series of dea r and logical argum ent s in
order to answe r th is exam task.
The re isn't a right or wrong answer. But there are satisfactory and
unsatisfactory ways of presenting you r ideas for this kind of exam
task.
You need to show awareness of both sides of the question, and then
you need to come to your conc lustonts).
You need to provide examples of what you criticise or propose.
Althoug h the exam task doesn't specify it as a requirement , it would
be a very goo d ide a here to conside r the past and the future as well
as the present situation.
The exam task men tions cars, pu blic transpo rt, cycling an d walking. If
you miss out any of these, you will lose marks.
Youalso need to conside r carefully what is mean t by 'e ncouraged'.
3
4
3 C
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must follow the exam task requirements here and discuss
everything that is specified - in othe r words, you need to talk
together abou t eac h holiday in the list, and discuss the issues.
Everything you need to talk about is either provided - the
advertisemen ts - or sho uld come from your imagination - your ideas
and op inions.
A goo d ap proach is probably to work with your partner in a way that
will gene rate as much conversation as possible.
For examp le, take the first holiday in the list. You could ope n the
game by saying some thing like, 'I'm not sure that this one would
appeal to me . My idea of a good holiday is relaxing, doing as little as
possible. But this one just sounds like a lot of hard work. Don't you
agree?' This should mea n that your partner can react, perhaps by
saying, 'O h, but would n't you like to be a litt le adventurous? You
have all your life to spend sitting around being lazy, but on this
holiday you could have exper iences that are different? Wouldn't that
be great?'
1S WRITING EXAM
Picturebased discussion
9 better
14 I the
TIP: Make sure the sente nce halves match logicallyas well as
gramma tically.
*'
We read ' the temperatures reached the mid- th irties , and there was
little water'. Late r he also ment ions th at he was ' in great need of a
shower'.
4 c
You find the correct answer to t h is question by finding the
infor mation abo ut the other t hr ee answ ers t hat co nt rad icts each
o f t he m: 'Mosqu itoes and barking dogs kept me awa ke at nigh t',
't he temp eratures reached t he mid-t hirties .. . I finished each da y
bat hed in sweat', ' I was footsore and exhausted' .
193
Listening
3
4
Use of English
2 c
3 "
3 c
4 e
5 c
4 b
5 a
6
2
NOTE: Notice that the task here is the opposite of exe rcise 3! You
need to find expressions that mea n the oppos ite.
5 LISTENING EXAM
Possibl e answers:
1 go ing to Spain/go ing on holiday
4
S
specified in the instru ctions and true, the answers are co rrect.
The pilot who spent nearly twenty min utes clinging to the outside of his
194
Writing
Writing a student magazine article
8 Your own ideas.
9
1
2
3
4
S
11 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You mus t follow the specific requirements of this exa m ta sk.
The magazin e wants you to answ er five questi ons. All five questions
a re complex - none of them can be answered with a sim ple list.
You also need to provide an introd uctio n and a con clusion (have you
ever read an article th at didn 't have these?).
You need to prepare your ideas very ca refully and make sure that you
have enough - and not to o much - to say for each of th e five
questions.
Everything in your article is, basically, your o pinion. This means tha t
you must make your reaso ns for what you say ve ry clear.
In term s of the language structures you should use in yo ur art icle,
think about th e meaning of what you are talking about.
The first question is a description of th e current situatio n, and wilt
probably involve Present Simple and Presen t Continuous.
The seco nd qu estion is about the causes, and so you may also need
to include the Present Perfect here .
For all the questions, yo u will probabl y find th at the passive voice will
be relevant.
The other questions require you to spe culate, and you should use:
modal verbs, suc h as 'm ight', 'co uld', and so on ; co nditio nal
structures - ' if we don't deal with th ese prob lems, ...' _
reco mmendations - ' I really believe that .. .' and so on .
Read through what you have w ritten, and chec k tha t yo u have
presented a clear line of argument.
Speaking
statistics-based discussion
12 1 Most holidays are booke d at travel agents' offices.
2 The In tern et is used to book a large number of holida ys.
3 A lot of short break holidays are taken by peop le with demanding
Reading
1 Your own ideas.
jobs.
13
12 Science and
technology
2 A
5 D
6 C
grammatically.
14 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: The task tells you what the informa t ion yo u are given is about. It
asks you to talk about it, and it gives yo u a central ques tion to deal
with in what you say.
This is not a test about how much you know abo ut tour ism, or being
a travel agent, or about statistics, ete. It is a test of your knowle dge of
English.
If you are doing this exam task well, yo u w ill be saying t hings like,
2 a compromise
You find this in paragraph A.
b the rush ho ur
You find this in paragraph B.
c encroach upon (or expand, or invade)
You find this (these) in paragraph C.
d facilities
Yo u find this in paragraph D.
e hand in ha nd
YOLl find this in par agraph D.
fringe
You fin d t his in par agraph E.
TIP: Read throug h the text quickly to check that yo u understand the
key vocabulary. If there are any unfamil iar words, t ry to wo rk out
their meaning from the context. However, you don't need to
understand every word in a text to be able to complete the exam
task!
Debate
15 I income, econom ic
The first word compl etes the phrase 'sou rce o f income'. This
establishes the business co ntext fo r us to work o ut what kind of
opportunities the sentence mig ht be referri ng to.
2 Wealt hy, drive up
We need an adjective that can describe peo ple, in contrast to
'poorer cou ntries'. The second ex pression completes the ph ra se
'd rive up prices ' mean 'cause t he pr ices to rise'.
3 do m inance, cha racter
'Popularity' wou ld also be poss ible to the first gap, bu t the
ins tructions remind you to use eac h wo rd only once, a nd you'll
need ' po pula rity' for S. The second word completes t he phrase
'local character' .
-I awareness, local
Th e first word completes the ph rase 'ra ise awareness (about)',
meaning 'focus (somebody's) attent ion (o n)'. We then need an
ad jective to describe 'cu ltures'.
S popularity, hig h-r ise
We need to t hink about the logic of what we're saying to decide
that ' po pu la rity' and not 'domi nance' is the word we need here.
The adject ive 'high-rise', meaning ' many storeys high ', is th e only
on e in the list that we use to describe bu ild ings.
16 Possible answers:
Adva n tages: I, 3
Disadvantages: 2, 4, 5
NOTE: You might have different views. You might consider, for
example, the construction of high- rise hotels where a lot of people
ca n spe nd thei r holidays a good thing .
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You need to consider the issue fro m the point of view of the
local communities. The answer is, as with most complex issues, that it
has bo th advantages an d d isadvantages - and yo u can say th is in the
exam. You can t hen go on to desc ribe eac h of the m, and depending
on how convincing the arguments you use are, yo u might be able to
decide (but remember that yo u don't have to decide) if either po int
of view outweighs the other.
Your success in this task doesn't depend on whet her or no t you've
persuaded your pa rtner or if they've persuaded you - but on how
how well you communicated wha t you th ink, and how we ll you
re sponded to what your partner thinks.
"
We read 'If yOll had to consider the impact of cars on your town .
first of all you would probably th ink of traffic jams and.
po llu tio n'.
2 a D
We read 'We all enjoy the facilitie s ... enterta in ment complexes
bring - because we can use our cars to get to th em '.
3 c D
We read 'we are saddened by the loss of our local groceries ... and
neig h bo urhoo d co m munity centres ... these changes go hand in
ha nd '.
4 d A
we read ' We can go wherever we want to go , whenever we wa nt
to go '.
S g E
We read ' Parking spaces are huge a reas of land' that ' used to be a
grassy meadow' .
6 b C
Wc read 'roads keep getting widened to accommodate th e
increasing volume o f t raffic '.
NOTE: Remember to complete both parts of this task. Notice that ,
unlike in most other Reading tasks, here the sentences don't follow
the o rde r of informat ion in the text - it's your task to find where this
information is.
Listening
5 Yo ur own answers.
6
Possible answers:
1 W ho ha d a lo t of bro t hers and sisters?
2 W ho was give n an awa rd by a king?
3 W ho was born in a family that hadn't been interested in scie nce?
4 W ho gai ned more recognition outside the ir own homeland?
5 W ho focused on a particu lar scientific area?
6 W ho wanted to choose a different profession'!
7 Who ta ught in a school?
8 Whose home can tourists visit?
TIP: There are a lot of ways of re phrasing these questions, so the
above are just one of the many possibilities.
19S
7 LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
1 B
We hea r ' Marta was t he t hir d child o f a fam ily with te n ch ildre n'.
2 C
We hear 't he King o f Spain gave him an order after a silk bulletproof vest inve nted by the 'Polish Edtso n' saved his life',
3 C
We hear 'he wa.. born in a poor u neducated family',
C
Th e reco rding me ntion'> h is pa tents in Germany a nd Engla nd, the
a rticles that Mar k Twain, the Amer ican a ut hor wro te about
Szczepa n tk's ac hieveme nts. a nd the m edal he received from t he
King o f Spa in.
S B
The o nly scie nce mentioned in t he recording abo ut Mari a
Mitch ell is astro no my.
8 Possible an swers:
1 No, he doesn 't. It's dangerous and not very useful.
2 He thinks the costs are too high .
3 NASA (N at ional Aerona utics and Space Ad mt n tst rauonj.
-I They shou ld forget th e manned prog ramme a nd look fo r ot her
mission s.
6 A
(adverb]
sailor',
fl y (verb): flying (adjectiv e), flight (no un ), fligh tless (ad jecti ve)
astronom y (no un) : astronomer (nou n ), astro nom ical (adtec t tvc).
ast ronomically (adve rb)
di ffic u lt (adjecti ve): dif ficul ty (no un)
effect (nou n): effect (verb), effec tive (ad ject ive), ineffect ive
(ad jective), effect ively (adve rb), ineffect ivel y (adve rb)
7 A
We hea r 'h e tau gh t deaf peo ple'.
B Il
we hear 'T he h o use whe re she was born was tu rned in to a
museum' ,
. , 2S TRANSCRIPT
3
4
pointless
We need an ad jecti ve he re to describe what 'people t hink' ,
expe ns ive
Th is also needs to be an adjective beca use it follows 'very'. The
writer is putting forwa rd a rguments agains t space travel, a nd
'expensi ve' fits t he co n text.
scien ti fically
Th e adverb desc ribes 'in wha t way' space tra vel ts not useful.
maintenance
We n eed a noun to follow th e definite article ' t he' and before th e
prcp osttton 'o f',
fligh ts
This m ust be a noun because it fo llows a n adjective . Th e context
(' matn tatnt ng th e shutt les') helps us to decide that we need a
plura l form.
ast ronomi cal
We need an ad ject ive he re to describe wh at t he costs of
maintaining th e sh uttles a re like.
difficu lt ies
The noun is the object of the verb 'faces' an d follows two
adjectives. We norm ally use the plu ral for m in th ese type of
sta te me n ts abo ut proble ms in genera l.
effect ive
We need an adjective to complete t he co m parati ve form. It needs
to be pos itive to co nt rast with t he manned space flights (wh ich
t he writer co nsiders to be point less).
Writing
Writing a stud ent magazine article
11 Your ow n ideas.
12
say
We use 'say' without an indi rect ob ject (They say', not
.,~
,*"", ' ).
2 wit ho ut
Thi s is th e only word that fits t he con tex t logicall y.
3 tell
we use ' tell' with an ind irect object t' They te ll me (that
~ I"""
...),.
.-r, no t
-I there
Used to avo id re pea tin g 'in t hese buildings' o r 'in the librar ies'.
5 t his
Completes t he ph rase 'This all sounds (wry) stra nge!'
6 full
Completes th e phrase ' turn full circle', mea n ing ' retu rn to the
sit uatio n wh ere it sta rted'.
7 again
Meaningfull y co m pletes the ex plana t ion o f how things \-.'1II 'turn
full circle'.
R were
' Were' is oft e n used aft er 'as if',
196
13 WRITING EXAM
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about the a reas that the exa m task requires.
The re are three stages to your task.
Firstly, you should talk abou t wha t you can see in the pictures, and
what these images represe nt. You should compare things: for
example, they are both about comm unication, a nd co ntrast them: for
example , spo ken and written com munication.
Secon dly, you should relate these pictures and activities to your own
life: Which do you use more ofte n? For what purposes? What do you
like and dislike ab out eac h?
Thirdly,you sho uld explain you r ideas abo ut the future of technology.
Throug hou t this task, there are no right or wrong answers, and the
way you talk shou ld reflect this.
Use phrases and expressions such as ' It's hard to say, but perha ps.
'I'm not really an expert, and so I can only g uess that.,;', ' My own
feeling abo ut this is.. .', and so on. You can find useful phr ases for
speculating and giving you r op inion in the Speaking Bank on page
128.
TIPS: The exam task includes three questions and you must discuss
all of them. If you miss any out, yo u w ill lose m arks.
When you are preparing you r ideas, think carefully a bout the function
of what you need to write.
In the first section, you need to describe the current situation. You
shou ld provide facts.
In the secon d sect ion, yo u need to evaluate the situation . You shou ld
offer opinions.
In the third section, you need to predict, to spec ulate abou t the
fut ure situation. You should m ake suggestions.
Speaking
Situational role-play
14 Your own idea s.
Higher level
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task specifies fou r issues for d iscussion very clea rly.
You must make sure you talk abou t all of them .
Your discussion has two levels - you need to discuss what the topic is
in each case and you need to discuss how you will deal with the
topic in your presenta tion .
You do n't have to follow the order in the tas k.
Some of the to pics - 'in the home' and 'e ducation' - may be close to
your own exper ience, while others - 'w orkplace' and 't he future' may no t.
Show that you have language you can use for every situat ion. For
example, you could say, 'Well, neither of us has direct expe rience of
the workptace, because we're still studying at schoo l. But I
und erstand from talking to my father that robo ts have completely
cha nged t he way cars are ma nufactured in factories. It means that
fewer peo ple are employed on the prod uction line, and so.. .'
Picture-based discussion
18 I b
2 a
:3 a
4 c
5 b
6 c
7 a
TIP: Make sure the missing words fit the gap s logically as well as
grammatica lly.
19
H
Th e phrase is 'e ither of t hese (th ings)' .
2 E
The phrase is 'say (so met hing) abou t (so met hi ng)'.
3 A
Listening
1
deaf
' Deaf people' are menti oned in state me nts 2, 5, 7 a nd 10.
2 in a resta uran t
The info rma tion is in state me n t I, a nd statemen t 2 con t inues
wit h the sa me con text. (Of course, we don' t know at t his stag e if
they are true o r false.j
:3 sign language
This fits th e context bett er. Th e device is called 'Sign Language
Trans lato r' according to state me nt 4, a nd 's ign la nguage' is also
men tio ned in statemen ts 5 an d 7.
2 LISTENING EXAM
1 T
, T
We hea r '1 remem bered t he idea later, when I was th in king of a
new project for a science competition' .
4
We h ear ' I started wit h researching how sign language work s'.
8 F
We hea r ' Wha t I have now isn 't ready for pro d uctio n ... nut I do
hope to see it o n the ma rket one day', mean ing t he Sign
La nguage Tra ns lator is no t yet be ing sold .
SM A RT AN SWER KEY
197
~ 26
Kathle Holmes
Good afte rnoon, this is Kathie Holmes in ou r programme, 'Youn g and
Ryan
o ./
00 was
We don 't need a passive; 't he history' 'sta rted' is fin e.
on
3 of
Don 't confu se two diffe rent str uct ures: 'ei ther (so m et hi ng) or
(somet hi ng else)' a nd ' neit he r (so me t h ing) no r (so methi ng else)'
follo w the same st ruct ure , which is the cor rect op tion he re. Th e re's
also 'e it her/ ne it her o f (t hem )', but that's used diffe re ntly.
-4 been
we do n 't need to make a passive here.
S that
You ca n say, There are records that show the vt ongots used .. .' and
you ca n say, 'There are records snowing that th e Mongols used ...' but yo u can't mix the two possibilities tog ethe r.
6 ./
Reading
6
I a
Ryan
I'm used to hunting fo r hardware to build competition robots, bu t for this
projec t I also had to try on many different gloves. A golf glove turned out
to be the best solution. It's soft and flexible and fits closely.
Kathle
According to the National Institute of Deafness, one to two million people
in the U.$. a re profoundly deaf. And most of them use sign language to
communicate. Will yo ur invention make an impact?
Ryan
There was a demonstration at our local deaf community centre and the
peo ple were interested. What I have now isn't ready for prod uction. I'm
sure it' ll be very d iffe rent by the time it's actually ma nufactur ed . But I do
hope to see it on the marke t one day.
Use of English
3
2
3
-4
S
198
should be deleted.
'As w~II ' is e no ugh : it m eans 'also' or 'too'.
is co rrect.
'That' here refers to what we kn ow about pollution. Using ' th is'
would also be correct.
is co rrec t.
should be deleted.
' Da m age is un co un table. It is a general idea here. In anot her
differen t sentence. you could say so me t h ing like, 'The damage
that cars cause to o ur cities is te rrible.'
should Ill' de leted.
You say ' SU Ill {' o f' wl1'11 you art' ident ifyin g Ol few t hings from a
large r gro up o f coun table t h ings. 'Some of t he wor ld's pro blem s
ar e caused by people. a nd so m e of them arc natur al .' You say just
'so me' wh en yo u mean a part , not the total or maximum. 'I 'd like
some rice.'
when yo u 'wo nde r', you don 't kn ow. It's an o pe n qu estion, so
yo u say 'i f', as yo u wo uld in ' I do n' t kno w if.. .'
5 C
we already have the verb here t'there's'j so we don 't need it
again.
remem bered the idea later, when [ was thi nking of a new project for a
science competition. I called it Sign la ngua ge Tra nslator.
Around nine months. I started with researching how sign language works.
Then I had to figure out how to translate all that electronically.
Fortuna tely, I've always had an interest in e lectronics. I've liked wiring
things tog ethe r since I was fo ur years old. I also had han ds-on experience
from my part-time job at a robotic-eq uipme nt lab.
Kathle
Did you have probl ems finding appropriate mate rials?
3 A
TRANSCRIPT
2 c
3
-4
S
8 READING EXAM
I c
We read about ' men with mo bile ph on es (72')1'1 of all men)' which is more tha n the figures given for teenagers (below 70%),
people between .In and so (bel ow 70']f, ), o r women t6 7% ).
2 b
W' read ' Mobi le ph on e ta ke-up am on g the poor ha s act ually been
far q uicker t han it was in t he case of ... compute rs'.
5 ,
You find th e a nswer to this q uest ion by checking the inf or ma tion
ahout the other a nswe rs and making su re the text mentions
them : ' mobile phones now account for a third of all st reet
ro bbe ries', 'mobile USNS are tw o and a half limes more likely to
devel op ca ncer' and 'do n' t forget about all th e accidents wailing
to happen as people drive with a mobile in one hand'.
Writing
14 I mea ns
10 1 Thi s is
2 M oreover
] Thus
..J In co n trast
5 The result of
6 However
TIP : These are all useful linking words you can use in you r essay. You
can find more useful idea s in the Writing Bank on page 136 .
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo ur essay mus t be a response to the topic given in the exam
ta sk. If you don 't co nnec t or relate what yo u write to the task, yo u
will lose ma rks.
You need to look ca refully at the ideas in the task, so that you can
make comm ents a bout them .
There isn't a 'co rrect' way to approach this - the ideas will be your
own .
Use th e task to give yo u a plan or structure for your essay:
Do we und erstand how technology is changing, in terms of
work/education ?
leisure?
commun ication?
relationships?
any ot her areas you can think of?
what's going to hap pen in the future? Are we preparing a better
world fo r the next ge nera tion?
Try to give examples, or details or explanat ions of everyth ing you
write about.
If you present one idea, and then present an argument aga inst it. yo u
will be able to write mo re, and w hat you write will have a clea r
structure .
6
7
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about all the five questions th e e xa m task asks
you .
You should probably describe the picture in general term s briefly first,
and then move on to the questions.
You don't have to follow the questions in th e same order as in the
task, although it is probabl y the most logical order.
The first three questions requ ire you to guess, and yo u should reflect
this in the answe rs you give. Try to say, for example, 'I imagine that
she might be writing an email,' rather than 'She's typing an email.'
You ca n find useful phrases for specu lating about a picture in the
Speaking Bank on page 128.
The fourth q uestion asks you about your life, and to compare this
with what you see in the picture.
The final qu estion req uires you to give an opinion. There is no right
o r wrong ans we r. What's important is that you exp lain your reasons
for your opinion.
Debate
16 Your ow n ideas.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 I She 's sitt ing on som e old stone steps ou tside.
2
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Decide if you want to arg ue for or against the stateme nt first.
Then thi nk of exa mp les for both sides: invent ions that do make our
lives easier, a nd invent ions that only generate prod ucts we must buy.
Prepa re some arg uments to explain wh y you think so, about each of
the exam ples.
Remember, the situation is usually mor e compl ex than this, and most
things belong to both categories.
When you' re doing the task, use examples to illustrate each po int you
make.
Make sure yo u respond to what yo ur partn er is saying (yo u can find
useful phrases for this in the Spea king Bank on page 128 ) - rather
than keep repeating yo ur own argumen ts.
Don't be afraid to admit if you haven't th ought of a ce rtain issue you' re not expected to be an expert o n technolog ical innovations,
yo u' re only tested on how we ll yo u use English.
Don't forget, you can always cha nge yo ur mind about th e state me nt
during the discussion - as long as you use a good variety 01 English
phrases to say so, for example: 'N ow that you've men tion ed this, r
think I'd like to recons ider my pos itio n.'
unc om tortabl e.
' Be go ing to' is used for th e future here , where you are bas in g
what you say o n th e ev ide nce yo u can see - ' it's quite
unc omfortable'. Remem ber t hat in English we refer to o ur
thinking in th e neganve form , 'I don 't think she's goi ng to ' rather than th e anion, *'1 think she 's Ite t ge illg te ..
199
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