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PDE Report
PDE Report
rt <
1/20
Fig 2.0
For the current Pulse Detonation Combuster the cylinder will behave as thick cylinder for value
to thickness t > 1.295 mm and ratio t:r . 0.051. Table 1 the value of ratio t:r is compared with
varying thickness t with an fixed internal radai Ri and decreasing External Radai Ro
Table 1 t:r ratio & thickness t
Thickhess of tube t
(in mm)
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
t/r ratio
[tcritical > 1.295 mm,
t:r>0.051 thick
cylinder]
0.157
48
0.1377
95
0.1181
1
0.0984
25
0.078
74
0.059
055
0.039
37
0.0196
85
Hoop stress
Fig 1.0
The internal pressure, which is still acting on this portion of the cylinder, is represented in the
pressure field shown below. The pressure is constant over the entire cut of the cylinder. Note that
we draw the pressure in a manner which tends to inflate the cylinder. If the pressure acts in the
opposite sense to that shown below, the following analysis must be used with caution. When we
load vessels with "external pressure" the loading can result in buckling (crumpling) of the
cylinder. The difference between a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder is that a thick cylinder has a
stress in the radial direction as well as a circumferential stress and longitudinal stress. A rule of
thumb is that radial stress becomes important when the wall thickness exceeds 1/20th of the
diameter
#table stress comparison on thick and thick cylinders
Fig 3.2
Equations:-
Fig 3.3
F=0
[l = length of cylinder]
..(1)
[:.Consider d (r r 2) / dr = r 2 (dr / dr ) + 2r r ]
= pi ri2 - po ro2 ri2 ro2[(po pi) / r2] / ro2 - ri2 Hoop stress
r = pi ri2 - po ro2 + ri2 ro2 [(po pi) / r2] / ro2 - ri2 Radial stress
l = pi ri2 - po ro2 / ro2 - ri2 Longitudinal stress
Longitudinal stress
In order for the free-body diagram to satisfy equilibrium, there must be some force which
counteracts the internal pressure. When analyzing thin walled pressure vessels it is assumed that
all stresses act parallel to the surface of the vessel. This is often called "membrane action". In the
cylinder below, the only stress acting on the cut which can counteract the internal pressure is the
normal stress.
Pre
ssu
re
are
a
Fin 3.0
l = pi ri2 - po ro2 / ro2 - ri2 Longitudinal stress
The only stress acting in vertical direction to pressure is "Hoop stress" because it acts like a steel
hoop around a wooden barrel.
Fig 3.1
Equations: = pi ri2 - po ro2 ri2 ro2[(po pi) / r2] / ro2 - ri2 Hoop stress
Fig 3.4
Hoop stress distribution,
maximum at the inner surface
r = pi ri2 - po ro2 + ri2 ro2 [(po pi) / r2] / ro2 - ri2 Radial stress
Fig 3.5
Radial stress distribution, maximum at the inner surface