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Introduction To Nanotechnology
Introduction To Nanotechnology
Introduction To Nanotechnology
lecture 5
Today
Microscopy
&
Manipulation
SEM
TEM
STM
AFM
Manipulating atoms
STM
AFM
CMU
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lecture 5 15-398
Transmission Microscopy
Light:
SEM: 1942
Electrons: TEM
1931
1981: STM
1986: AFM
Electrons
Max resolution <.1nm
Time
www.prynearson.com/science.htm
http://sibener-group.uchicago.edu
http://www.trincoll.edu/~alehman/images/Instruments/
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2004 Seth Copen Goldstein
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TEM
Resolution: atomic
Can determine 3-D structure
Be careful of e- - e- interactions
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SEM
Resolution: atomic
Surface features
Requires Vacuum
Often must coat specimens
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Comparing images
Scanning
Probe Tip
Sample
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STM
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STM cartoon
- Battery +
Current
Tunneling Current
Sample
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STM modes
Constant-current mode
Measure height of probe to keep
tunneling current same
Constant-height mode
Measure tunneling current
Faster
Requires smoother surface
Resolution
XY: 1nm, Z: .1nm
Xenon atoms
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STM images
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Quantum Corrals
STM of copper(111)
Can you identify:
-Spheres?
- waves?
-Valleys?
-Plateaus?
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1.2nm CNT
Si(111)
28K
1000K
D. Carroll, Clemson U.
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AFM Modes
LASER
Detector
Mirror
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Force
Contact
mode
Computer
Tapping Mode
Non-contact
Microscope
Tip
Display
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Contact Mode
Tapping Mode
Amplitude
Contact-mode
Height
Tapping Mode
Phase Shift
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Made from
Si or Si3N4
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Interpretting images
Carbon
nanotubes
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More artifacts
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Subatomic resolution
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AFM Images
Dip-Pen Lithography
Can Read and Write!
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Inks
Soft Materials
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Hard Materials
Small functional
molecules
SAMs
Conducting polymers
Biopolymers /
macromolecules
Metal inks
Sol precursor
inorganic inks
Nanoparticle
catalysts
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Today
Looking at (and modifying) the
nanoscale
SEM/TEM
STM/AFM
For Thursday: read chapter 3.
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