SHM SOLUTION 1,2,3,4,5 - Solutions PDF

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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Rg - SHM - 12
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE 1
SOLUTION
1.
0.5 s
5 5sin t, sin t 1 sin
or
2.
1
s = 0.5 s
2
x = 4sin10t
amplitude = 4 cm; frequency , v = 5 Hz
angular frequency, 2v 10 rad s-1

At t = 0, 0 a sin
or 0
Use x a sin(t )
3.
(i)
(i)
8 cm s-2
(ii)
acceleration
2
= A
4 cm s-2
42
A
T2
4 2
2cms 2
2
= 8 cm s-2
(ii)
acceleration
2
= x
4 2
x
T2
4 2
1cms 2
2
= 4 cm s-2
4.
(a)
(c)
0.02 m
3.142 10-2 m s-1
(b)
(d)
4s
4.94 10-2 ms-2
Comparing with x Asin(t 0 ) , we get

(a)
A= 0.02 m
(b)
0.5
(c)
v max A 0.02 ms1 = 0.01 3.142 ms-1 = 3.142 10-2 ms-1

2
2
;
2 T 2
or
T = 4s
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(d)
a max
Rg - SHM - 12
484 0.02 2
2
ms = 4.94 10-2 ms-2
A 0.02 ms2 =
49 4
4
2
SOLUTION
1.
(i)
4.4 10-5 J
Total energy =
3.3 10-5 J
(ii)
(iii)
1.1 10-5 J
1
1
4 2
m2 A2 0.2
(2 102 )2 J
2
2
36
= 4.4 10-5 J
1
1
4 2
2
2
2
m
(a
x
)
[4 10 4 1 104 ]J
Kinetic energy =
= 0.2
2
2
36
= 3.3 10-5 J
Potential energy = (4.4 10-5 3.3 10-5) J
= 1.1 10-5 J
2.
(i)
A
2
(i)
1
1
k(A2 x2 ) kx 2
2
2
(ii)
when v
(ii)
3
A
2
1
v max
2
1
1
K.E. (K.E.)max kA2
4
8
3.
1
1
k(A2 x2 ) kA2
2
8
(a)
0.314 ms-1
(a)
v max A 2.5 102 2
(b)
1
1
1
E m2A2 mv 2max = 2 0.314J = 0.1 J
2
2
2
(c)
Maximum potential energy = 0.1 J
(d)
1
22
1
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
Kinetic energy = m (A x ) = 2 2 2 [(2.5 10 ) (1 10 ) ]
2
7
2
(b)
0.1 J
(c)
0.1 J
(d)
0.083 J
22
2 ms 1 = 0.314ms-1
7
= 0.083 J

4.
Rg - SHM - 12
v A2 x 2
(a)
or
v 2 2 (A 2 x 2 )
Now, 0.032 2 (A 2 0.042 )

and
0.042 2 (A 2 0.032 )
On simplification, A = 0.05 m and = rad s-1

Time period, T
(b)
Energy =
2
2 s = 2 3.142 s = 6.284 s
1
mA 22
2
1
50 103 0.05 0.05 1 1J
2
= 6.25 10-5 J
SOLUTION
1.
8.5 s
T 2
L
,
g
T2
T1
g1
g2
Required time period =
10
3.4
1.6
2.
The time period is independent of the mass of bob.
3.
Due to electric force of attraction between the bob and the plate, the effective value of g shall
increase. Since T 2
4.
0.16 ms-1
v A = 0.05
5.
l
therefore T shall decrease.
g
2
2
0.02 ms -1 , 0.02 2ms -2

Time period = time taken in one oscillation = 2 s
v A 2

a A2
2 2
100 2
Rg - SHM - 12
SOLUTION
1.
3.33 rad s-1
2.
k
m
m(k 1 + k 2 )
k 1k 2
k1k 2
The equivalent force constant is k k
1
2
3.
4.
5.
0.54 s
Effective force constant = 40 Nm-1
Time period, T 2
0.3
s = 0.54 s
40
(a)
0.31 s
(b)
(a)
T 2
(b)
max. acc.
(c)
max. velocity = A
20 ms-2
(c)
1.0 ms-1
m
k
k
A
m
k
m
1.1 102 N m-1, 36 kg

T 2
m
2 2 m
; k
2k
T2
Here m = 12 kg and T = 1.5 s

After the block has been placed on the tray, mass is (M + 12)kg.
Now, T 2 M 12
2k
Rg - SHM - 12
EXERCISE 1
1.
2. C
3. D
4.
5.
6. D
7.
C 8.
D 9.
C 10.
11.
12.
D 13
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. C
21. B
22. D
23. A
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. C
28. B
29. (B)
30. (A)
31. (D)
32. (C)
33. (B)
34. (C)
35. (B)
36. (C)
37. (B)
38. (A)
44. (B)
39. (A)
45. (D)
40. (A)
41. (C)
42. (C)
43. (B)
SOLUTION
1.
(A)
v A 2 cos 2t
3
2.
v v max. cos 2t 1
3
2t
3
t = 1/3
(C)
a A2
v A
a A
a
3.
v
A
v2
A2
v2
'A' doubled 'a' halved
A
(D)
P.E.min at mean position = 5 J
T.E. = 9 J
max K.E. = 4 J
1
mA 2 2 4J
2
200
T
sec.
200 100

4.
Rg - SHM - 12
(A)
max. acceleration of plank should not exceed g
A2 g
A 10 / 2
a = g (when block leaves contact)
5.
(D)
Particle starts from mean position.
x A sin(t)
at t = 1
2
x1 A sin 1
8
x1
A
2
at t = 2
x2 = A
distance covered in 1st second =
A
2
distance covered in 2nd second A
ratio
6.
1/ 2
1
2 1
1
2
1
1
2
(D)
Circular representation at t = 0
Phase difference = 2 / 3
Phase covered by each particle = / 3
Time taken
7.
A
2
T
T
60
360
6
(C)
For max distance Vres. = 0
v1 = v2
x1 = x2
x1 + x2 = 20 cm
x1 = 10 cm
x
Phase difference between x = 0 and x = x1 sin 1 1
A
Phase difference between x = 0 and x = x 2
Rg - SHM - 12
Phase difference between x1 and x2 = / 3

8.
(D)
Let v0 is maximum velocity of each particle.
When particles are on opposite sides of x = 0, let their phase by + & ( v P1 v B1 v0 cos 1.2 )
When they cross each other let the phase be ,
v P2 v B2 v0 cos 1.6
Phase travelled by Q is +
Phase travelled by P is
2
2
(Since 'P' goes to one extreme then comes back to cross Q)

since angular frequency is same, phase moved would also be same.

2
2
v P2 v0 cos 1.6 v 0 sin

2
v 0 (1.2) 2 (1.6) 2
v0 2 m / s
9.
(C)
From extreme to x = a/2
phase covered = /3
time taken = T/6
v
10.
a / 2 3a
T/6 T
+A
1
/3
A/2
60
30
/2
(C)
K.E. at D =
1
max K.E.
4
1
1
m2 (A 2 x 2 ) m2 A 2
2
4
x (CD)
3 'A'
2
AE 2A 2R
A 2R
BD = 2CD

2
11.
(D)
Let
Rg - SHM - 12
3
R 3R
2
v A cos(t)
a A2 sin(t)
v2
a2
1
A 22 A 24
v2
12.
1 2
a A 22
2
Straight line with 've' slope
(D)
Phase moved in T/8
2 T

T 8 4
x a sin(t)
13.
a
2
(C)
2 x A 2 x 2
x = 1, A = 2
2 1 4 1
3
frequency f
2 2
14.
(B)
K in parallel = 2k
K in series = k/2
15.
(C)
gel. = (g + a)
TP 2
when the elevator accelerates up.
L
(g a)
TS 2
M
k
TP - downwards, Ts - same
60
(B)
T 2
Lsin 60
g
l sin 60
16.

17.
Rg - SHM - 12
(A)
3
y sin( t) 3 cos( t)
y 2sin t
3
60
g
A
for maximum acceleration
A2 g
(max. accl.)
y max sin t 1
3
3 2
18.
2
6 g
(C)
T 2
I
mga
3
mR 2
2
2
mgR
2
3R
2g
3
g
For equivalent length of simple pendulum T 2
L
g
L=3
19.
(B)
U ax 2 bx 4
for equilibrium (mean position)
du
0 2ax 4bx 3 0
dx
x = 0, x
2a
4b
Rg - SHM - 12
let y be the displacement from mean position

F 2ax 4bx 3
putting x
y
2b
F 2a
y 4b
y
2b
2b
a

a

a

y 2a 4b y 2 2
y
2b
2b

2b

a
a
a

y 2a 4b 4by 2 4b.2
.y
2b
2b
2b
a
a 2
.y 4b 4b.2
y 0
2b
2b
Fm 4ay
4a
m
20.
(C)
Particle executes SHM of amplitude 'R'. Initially they collide at the centre since their time periods are same
GM
3
R
2mR mR 3mA
R
A ( A new amplitude)
3
21.
(B)
Suppose collision occurs at
Phase covered by 1 is 1
Phase covered by 2 is 2

2 2
+A
+A
1
1 2 (T-same)
90

2
2 2
10

phase 1
2
4
time taken
22.
Rg - SHM - 12
T 3 3T
2 4
8
(D)
T 2
m
k
T ' 2
m
k
T' = T
23.
(A)
g elevator (g a)
T2 2
L
ga
T1 T2
24.
(B)
x A sin(t)
2 T
x A sin
T 12
x =A/ 2
1
2
2
2
K.E. 2 m (A x ) 3
1
P.E.
1
m 2 x 2
2
25.
(A)
v max1 A
(constant)
v max 2 2A 2v
26.
(C)
t
27.
T 2
1sec
2 2 k
(C)
y1 sin
3
y 2 sin t
11
Rg - SHM - 12
Phaser A max A12 A 22 2A1A 2 cos
11 2
1
2
A max 3
28.
(B)
y1 A sin t
y 2 A cos t
y1 y 2 2 A sin t
energy
1
m 2
2
2A
m 2 A 2
30.
(A)
Let x Asin(t) a A2
da
A3 cos(t)
dt
for max
da
cos t 1
dt
at x = 0
for min
da
cos t 0
dt
x A
31.
(D)
centre of mass falls as water comes out, then suddenly amount regainits original position as total of
water goes out.
32.
(C)
T 2
L
L
2 1
g
g
T 2
mg
Ag
density of liquid
density of solid
x Ag L1Ag
12
Rg - SHM - 12
L
L1
33.
(B)
atteractive force b/w change and metal plate, geff increases.
34.
(C)
1
m 2 (A 2 x 2 )
2
at x = A/2
K.E. =
35.
K.E. =
1
A2
m 2 A 2
2
4
1
3 3E
m 2 A 2
2
4 4
T.E. =
1
m 2 A 2 E
2
(B)
k1l1 k 2l 2 k l total
k1
l
kl
4
k1 4k
T 2
36.
m
k
new T ' 2
m T
4k 2
(C)
mgx
mL2
mx 2
2
l
for minimum T is maximum
2
mL2
mx
x.2mx
2
d2
l

0 mg
2
2
dx
mL
2
2 mx
l
L
L
12 2 3
Super position of two SHM's in the same direction will be another SHM if their frequencies are
3
equal. Resultant equation of option (B) is y 5sin t tan 1
13
Rg - SHM - 12
y 10 cos 2t
6
dy
20 sin 2t
dt
6
at t = 1/6

v p 20 sin
3 6
= 0.628 m/s
39.
(A)
y1 3sin(t)
y 2 4sin t 3sin(t)
2
using phasor method

4
y 2 5sin t tan 1
3
sin t
4
phase difference tan 1
3
40.
(A)
If particle motion starts from extreme
x A cos(t)
at
t / 6
x A cos
6
V Vmax sin(t)
t / 6
V Vmax sin
6
V
Vmax
2
P mv
41.
mVmax
m2E
mE
0
2
2
2
(C)
1
2
3
2
5
14
Rg - SHM - 12
Relative = 1 2
2
t
rel
time taken to come back in same phase
t1
42.
2
2 2

3
5
15
7.5s
53
(C)
Let the spring is further extended by y when the cylinder
is given small downward push. Then the restoring forces
on the spring are,
(i)
Ky due to elastic properties of spring
(ii)
upthrust = yAdg = weight of liquid displaced
Total restoring force = (K + Adg) y
M a (K Adg)y
Comparing with a 2 y, we get

K Adg
2
M or
f
43.
1 K Adg
2 2
M
K Adg
M
(B)
Maximum tension in the string is at lowest position.
Therefore T Mg
Mv 2
L
To find the velocity v at the lowest point of the path, we apply law of conservation of energy
i.e.
1
Mv 2 Mgh MgL(1 cos )
2
or
v 2 2 gL(1 cos )
or
v 2 gL(1 cos )
[ h L x, h L L cos ]
T Mg 2Mg (1 cos )

T Mg 1 2 2sin 2
2
L
a
Mv2 /L
Mg

T Mg 1 4
2
[ sin( / 2) / 2 for small amplitudes]
T Mg [1 2 ]
From figure
2
a
T Mg 1 .
L
15

44.
Rg - SHM - 12
(B)
The small block oscillates along the inclined plane with an amplitude A. As a result the
centre of mass of the system undergoes SHM along the horizontal direction:
xcm
mA sin t
1 m
cos 60
A sin t
mM
2 m M
The acceleration of the C.M. is acm 2 xcm , along the horizontal while the net horizontal
force is (M m)acm , which is equal to the force of friction acting on it.
45.
(D)
When the spring undergoes displacement in the downward direction it completes one half
oscillation while it completes another half oscillation in the upward direction. The total time
period is:
T
m
m
k
2k
EXERCISE 2
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT
1.
2. C
3. B
4. A, B, C, D
5.
B, C, D
6. B, C, D
7. A, B
8. A, B, C
9.
B, D
10. D
11. C, D
12. B, C, D
13. A, B, C
14. C
15. B, D
16. A, B, C, D
17. B
18. A, C
19. A, C
20. B, C
SOLUTION
1.
(C)
-2A
2
2A
x=0 A +A
2
Phase dift of first particle from mean position is 450.
Phase dift of 2nd particle from mean position is 900.
Total phase difference = 90 + 45 = 135
2.
-A
(C)
Possible angles b/w PQ, P'Q, PQ', P'Q' are 750, 1650,
2850, 1950 & 1350 is not possible.
Projection on
y-axis
Q1
o
30
P
A/2
A4
2
Q
o
30
o
45
16

3.
Rg - SHM - 12
(B)
v 2 108 9x 2
v 2 9(12 x 2 )
v 2 2 (A 2 x 2 )
3
amplitude A 12
acceleration a 2 x
at x = 3
a = 9 0.03
= 0.27 m/s2
SHM about x = 0
4.
(A, B, C, D)
The block loses contact with plank when the plank is at its amplitude
( N 0)
acceleration of block a b g
acceleration of plank a p a 2
to just leane A 2 g
2
the contact
10
40 102
5rad / sec
2
5
at lowest point of SHM.
upward acceleration of block = acceleration of plank
T
N = 2mg
= A 2 g
at half waydown acceleration of block
mg 3
mg
2
2
At mean position, velocity in maximum a = 0
N = mg
N mg
5.
(B, C, D)
v A 2 y2
also v
dy
dt
v 0 at t
T
2
a 2 y max at t T
F = ma = 0 at t
3
T
4
17

at t
6.
Rg - SHM - 12
T
v = 0 K.E. =0
2
P.E. = T.E.
(B, C, D)
U 5x 2 20x
dv
10 20 = 10(x 2)
dx
k = 10
F = 0 at x = 2 (mean position)
F
T 2
m
k
= 2
0.1
10
7.
(A, B)
x
A
A sin(t)
2
T
12
v
v v 0 cos(t) 3 0
2
a a 0 sin(t)
8.
a 0
2
(A, B, C)
1
m 2 A 2 = KEmax
2
1
m 2 (A 2 x 2 ) = 0.64 KEmax
2
A 2 x 2 0.64A 2
x 2 0.36A 2
x = 0.6 A = 6 cm
K.E.
1
A2
m 2 A 2
2
4
at x 5
A
2
18

K.E.
3 1
3
m 2 A 2 max P.E.
4 2
4
9.
(B, D)
x = 3 sin 100 t + 8 cos2 50 t
= 3 sin 100 t + 4 + 4 cos 100 t
x = 5sin(100t ) 4 SHM
Amplitude = 5
maximum x = 5 + 4 = 9
10.
(D)
a 2 x
Slope = 2
straight line
11.
Rg - SHM - 12
a
x
x=0
(C, D)
x
sin(t)
a
y
1 cos(t)
a
2
x2 y
1 1
a2 a
vx
dx
a cos(t)
dt
v4
dy
a sin(t)
dt
uniform circle
v v 2x v 24 = constant
distance time
12.
13.
(B, C, D)
x2
v2
1
A2 A2 2
ellipse
a 2 x
straight line
a2
v2
1
A 2 4 A 2 2
ellipse
(A, B, C)
x2
v2
1
A2 A2 2
at x = 0
v A 1.0
19

at v = 0
4
T
Rg - SHM - 12
x = A = 2.5
2
= 1.575
4
a 2A
= 40 cm/s2
v A2 x2
v 4 (2.5) 2 (1) 2
= 4 5.25
= 2 21
14.
(C)
y A(1 cos 2t)
y A(2sin t )
A1 2
A2 1
V1 A11 A 2
V2 A 22 2A
a1 12 A1 2
a 2 22 A 2 1
15.
(B, D)
Let x A sin(t )
at t = 0
A
2
5
,
6 6
also v v 0 v 0 cos(t )
5
6
x Asin t
6
x A sin t
2 3
= A cos t
3
20

16.
Rg - SHM - 12
(A, B, C, D)
for equilibrium
kx = mg
x = 1 cm
if released from natural length
A = 2x = 2 cm
m
5
k
frequency doesn't depend on value of g.
f 2
17.
(B)
The block has v0 at equilibrium
v0
0
v0
sin(0 t)
0
initial phase is zero

since the block is moving is +ve direction.
18.
(A, C)
Distance of mean position from water level = immersed length
= maximum amplitude for equilibrium
60 a g 3Lag
maximum amplitude = L = immersed length = 20 cm
T 2
19.
m
3ag
(A, C)
1
m2 A 2
2
= maximum K.E.
Average total energy =
root mean square velocity =
v0
2
mean velocity = 0
20.
(B, C)
1
m2 A 2 =Average P.E.
4
2f
Average KE
1
1
2 2 1 cos 2 t
m2A 2 cos2 (t) = m A
2
2
2
fKE= 2 f
KE
21
Rg - SHM - 12
EXERCISE 3
Comprehension - I
1.
(B)
in experiment I
frequency = no. of oscillations/sec
=
20
/s
60
1
Hz
3
2.
(C)
frequency is independent of amplitude
3.
(B)
frequency is also independent of mass
4.
(D)
particle stops at extreme so it drops vertically.
Comprehension-II
5.
(B)
Spring cut into 3 equal parts then spring constant of each part becomes 3k
in parallel
k eff k1 k 2 k 3 = 9k
T ' 2
T'
6.
m
9k
T
3
(D)
kx
x
kx cos 60
x cos 60
x cos 60
60 60
x
kx cos 60
60 60
Fnet kx 2kx cos 2 60
22

=
3
kx
2
k eff
7.
Rg - SHM - 12
3
k
2
(C)
k eff in series = k
k eff in parallel = 9k
Comprehension-III
8.
(D)
When spring of 2k displaces x, spring of k displaces by 2s (torque balanced about mid
point)
mid point displacesby
x
3x
y0
2
2y 0
3
Fnet 2kx k2x

= 4 kx
Fnet
4k2y 0 8k
= y0
3
3
energy stored =
=
9.
4k 2
y0
3
(A)
T 2
10.
1 8k
2
(y0 )
2 3
m
8k

3
(B)
w external w gravity w spring
w gravity
w gravity
3m3x 1
1
k(2x)2 2kx 2
2
2
= 2
mg3x
2
1
putting mg = 4kx =
2
2k(x)
k(2x)
mg
23
Rg - SHM - 12
Comprehension-IV
11.
(A)
Total energy remains constant
12.
(D)
d A sin(t)
t
13.
1
d
sin 1
A
(B)
v A2 x2
at x = 0
v maximum
v=0
x A
Match the Column

14.
(A) P, R, (B) R, (C) P, Q, (D) P, Q

m
Fres g Ax
T 2
m
Ag
(B) R
Fres (mg vg)
x
L
(C) P, Q
Liquid will behave as a point mass
(D) P, Q
x
a area
x
Fres g(2x)a
Fres (g2a)x
T 2
15.
m
L
2
(g2a)
2g
A Q, BR, CP, DP
T 2
L
g eff
24
Rg - SHM - 12
g eff | g a |
(A)
g eff
3g
2
(B)
g eff
g
2
(C)
g eff g 2
(d)
g eff
3g
GM
GM
GM
2 2 2 2 2 2g
R
R
R

2
16.
(A) R, (B) S, (C) P, (D) P
17.
(A) P, Q, (B) P, Q, (C) S, (D) R
18.
AQ, BP, CR, D S

y A sin(t)
v A cos(t)
(A)
(B)
1
mv 2 max at t 0
2
PE = min at t = 0
K.E.
EXERCISE 4
1.
x 0.2cos5t
2
0.4s
5
Particle is at x = 0.2 at t = 0
t=0
Time period T
x=0
-A
+A
from x = + A to x = 0
it takes 0.1s
Total distance convered in 0.7 s is
s = 7 A = 7 0.2 = 1.4 m
average speed < v > =
2.
Total dis tan ce 1.4

=
= 2m/s
Total time
0.7
From the given graph
comparing with
x
25
Rg - SHM - 12
a 2 x
frequency f
3.
2 2
T 2 mgd
mL2
mL2
2
mL
12
3
2
=
3L
2m
4
17L
18g
= 2
4.
m 3L
4
cm
m
F = 10 x + 2
F = 10 (x 0.2)
k =10
m = 0.1 kg
v=0 x=0 mean position

x=-2
0.2
Amplitude
2
10
s
= 10 rad/s
Time period =
10
0.1
mean position at x = 0.2
Amplitude A = + 2 + 0.2 = 2.2m
equation since particle starts from extreme
x 0.2 2.2cos t
x 2.2 cos t 0.2
5.
U x 2 4x 3
(i)
dv
2x 4
dx
= 2(x 2) (SHM) equilibrium position at x = + 2
(ii)
T 2
(iii)
V A
1
2
2
2 6 A 2 ,
6.
2 3m A
Water doesn't roll as the cylinder so it is treated as point mass a.

about constant poit
k(R )R
restoring
26
Rg - SHM - 12
I kR 2
(2MR 2 mR 2 ) kR 2
water as point mass
k
2M m
when water becomes ice (neglecting change in volume)
ice behaves as solid cylinder
2
I kR 2
2
2
2
2MR mR kR
2
7.
(a)
k
3
2M m
2
For small amplitude, the two blocks oscillate together. The angular frequency is
=
k
Mm
and so the time period T = 2

(b)
Mm
.
k
The acceleration of the blocks at displacement x from the mean position is

kx
a = 2x =
M m
The resultant force on the upper block is, therefore,

mkx
ma = M m
This force is provided by the friction of the lower block.
mk | x |
(c)
Hence, the magnitude of the frictional force is M m

Maximum force of friction required for simple harmonic motion of the upper block is
mk A
at the extreme positions. But the maximum frictional force can only be mg. Hence
M m
mk A
= mg
M m
or,
8.
A=
(M m)g
k
When the elevator is stationary, the spring is stretched to support

the block. If the extension is x, the tension is kx which should balance
the weight of the block.
Thus, x = mg/k. As the cable breaks, the elevator starts falling with
acceleration g. We shall work in the frame of reference of the
elevator. Then we have to use a psuedo force mg upward on the
block.
This force will balance the weight. Thus, the block is subjected to a net force kx by the spring
27
Rg - SHM - 12
when it is at a distance x from the position of unstretched spring. Hence, its motion in the elevator
is simple harmonic with its mean position corresponding to the unstretched spring. Initially, the
spring is stretched by x = mg/k, where the velocity of the block (with respect to the elevator) is
zero. Thus, the amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic motion is mg/k.
9.
The situation is shown in figure. The moment of inertia of the disc about the wire is
=
mr 2
(0.200 kg)(5.0 10 2 m) 2
=
= 2.5 104 kg - m2.
2
2
The time period is given by

T = 2
or,
10.
4 2 (2.5 104 kg m 2 )
4 2
kg m2
C= 2 =
= 0.25
.
(0.20s) 2
T
s2
If the string is displaced slightly downward by x , we can write,the net (restoring)force

(x 2x)2 g
2xg
Peg
x 2xg
(5)
11.
or
2g
x
5
2g
5
or
2
5
2
When the plank is situated symmetrically on the drums,

the reactions on the plank from the drums will be equal
and so the force of friction will be equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction and hence, the plank will be in
equilibrium along vertical as well as in horizontal
direction.
Now if the plank is displaced by x to the right, the reaction
will not be equal. For vertical equilibrium of the plank
RA RB mg
(i)
And for rotational of plank, taking moment about center of mass we have
RA ( L x) RB ( L x)
(ii)
Solving Eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
R
fA
fB
2L
B
mg
RA
fA
RB
fB
x
mg B
Lx
RA mg
2L
and
L x
RB mg
2L
Now as f R , so friction at B will be more than at A and will bring the plank back, i.e.,
restoring force here
28
Rg - SHM - 12
F ( f B f A ) ( RB RA )
mg
x
L
As the restoring force is linear, the motion will be simple harmonic motion with force constant
k
mg
L
m
So that T 2 k 2 g .
12.
(a)
If , the ball does not collide with the wall and it performs full oscillations like a
simple pendulum.
period 2 g
(b)
If , the ball collides with the wall and rebounds

with same speed. The motion of ball from A to Q is
one part of a simple pendulum.
time period of ball 2(t AQ ) .
Consider A as the starting point (t = 0)
Equation of motion is x(t ) A cos t
l
Q
A
l
x(t ) cos t ,
x(t ) cos t , because amplitude A
time from A to Q is the time t when x becomes
cos t

t t AQ 1 / cos 1

The return path from Q to A will involve the same time interval.
Hence time period of ball 2 t AQ
cos 1 2
cos 1
13.
2
cos 1
g
g

Suppose that the liquid is displaced slightly from equilibrium so that its
level rises in one arm of the tube, while it is depressed in the second arm
by the same amount, x .
If the density of the liquid is , then, the total mechanical energy of the
liquid column is :
1
dx
E A( h x ) A(h x) .
dt
2
h+x
h-x
h x
h x
A(h x) g
A(h x) g
2
2
1
1
dx
(2 Ah) 2 Ag ( h 2 x 2 )
2
dt
2
(i)
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration
29
Rg - SHM - 12
The angular frequency of small oscillations, , is:
14.
2 Ag
2 Ah
g
h
(ii)
Suppose that the plank is displaced from its equilibrium position by x at time t , the centre of the
cylinder is, therefore, displaced by
x
2
the mechanical energy of the system is given by,

E K .E. E K .E. (Plank) + P.E.(spring) + K.E. (cylinder)
1 dx
1
1
d x
11
1 d x
E m kx 2 2m 2m.R 2
R dt 2
2
dt
2
2
2 2
dt 2
1 7 dx
1
( m) kx 2
2 4 dt
2
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration 2 x
The angular frequency,
15.
4k
7m
Suppose that the particle is displaced from its equilibrium position at O , and that its xcoordinate at time t is given by x .
The total energy of the particle at time t is given by,,
E
2
2
1 dx dy
m mgy
2 dt dt
(i)
Differentiating the equation of the curve, we get,

2x
dx
dy
4a
dt
dt
2
1 dx
x 2 mg 2
m 1 2
x
2 dt 4a 4a
The oscillations are very small, both x and
of higher order than quadratic terms in x or,
dx
are small. We ignore terms which are
dt
dx
or, mixed terms.
dt
1 dx
1 mg 2
m
x
2 dt
2 2a
(ii)
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration = 2 x
The angular frequency of small oscillations is, consequently,
16.
mg
2a.m
g
2a
(iii)
At equilibrium the net force on the cylinder is zero in the vertical direction:
Fnet B W 0 , B the buoyancy and W the weight of the cylinder..
When the cylinder is depressed slightly by x , the buoyancy increases from B to B B where:
30
Rg - SHM - 12
B | x | Ag
while the weight W remains the same.

the net force, Fnet B B W
B | x | Ag
d 2x
x Ag
dt 2
the minus sign takes into account the fact that x and restoring force are in opposite directions.
The equation of motion is, therefore, s Ah
d 2x
g
x
dt 2
s h
and the angular frequency, , is

g
hs
17.
Suppose that the rod is displaced by a small angle as shown in the figure. The total
mechanical energy of the system is given by,
1
1
E m 2 2 mg (1 cos ) k ()2
3
2
2
1 2 mg 2
1
m 2 2 k
2
2
3
A k
kx
(i)
mg
the angular frequency of small oscillations is,

mg
2 3k 3 g
1 2
m 2
m
3
k2
(ii)
The condition for the system to be oscillation is,

3k 3g
m 2
18.
or,
mg
2
(iii)
Suppose that the block is depressed by x . The pulley (owing to the constraint) is depressed by
x
. Suppose that the tension in the string are T & T on both sides. We can write:
2
mg T mx
For block:
...(i)
For pulley:
T T mg k ( x x0 ) m
x
2
The angular acceleration of the pulley,
(T T ) R I
x
2R
x/2
R
(iv)
(iii)
T
T
x
m
From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get,

I
5m
3mg k ( x x0 )
2
x
2
2
R
(ii)
mg
(v)
31
Rg - SHM - 12
The frequency of small oscillation,

f
19.
(a)
1
2
k
5m
I
2 2R2
At equilibrium, the net torque on the pulley is zero.

m1 g R mg R sin
(i)
or,
or,
m1
m
m
sin 1 1
m
sin
(ii)
O
m
mg
m1
mg
(b)
If the system is displaced slightly from the equilibrium

position, it oscillates. Suppose that the position of the
particle is given by the angular variable , at some instant.
The total mechanical energy is given by:
E K .E. P.E.
where,
and,
11
1
1
K .E. MR 2 2 (mR 2 ) 2 m1 R 2 2
22
2
2
P.E.= loss in P.E. of m1 + gain in P.E. of m
O
m
m1 gR ( ) mgR (cos cos )

m1 gR( ) 2mgR sin
sin
2
2
m1
m1 gR 2mgR sin sin
2
2
m1 gR 2mgR

sin 2 mgR cos
2
2
where is defined by the expression : , being a small quantity. Since the frequency
depends only on terms which are quadratic in , we can write,
11
1
E M m m1 R 2 2 mgR cos () 2 + terms linear in or, constants.
22
2
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration = 2 x
the angular frequency,
mgR cos
1
2
M m m1 R
2
32
and the frequency, f 1
mg cos
2 1
M m m1 R
2
20.
(a)
Rg - SHM - 12
Since the system is in equilibrium, we can write the tension in the string, T as:
T m102 r
(b)
and,
T m2 g
m102 r m2 g
(i)
Suppose that the block m2 is depressed by x . The radius of the circle of rotation is now
given by,
r r x .
and the angular speed is given by,,
m1r 2 0 m1 (r x) 2
(f-x) m1g
(l+x)
or,
0 r 2
( r x) 2
(ii)
A m1w2(r-x)2
T
C
mg
The free body diagram as well as the geometry of

the problem are as shown in the adjacent figure.
m1
d2
(r x ) m1 2 (r x) T
dt 2
(iii)
m2
d2
( x ) m2 g T
dt 2
(iv)
The first term on the RHS of the equation (iii) can be rewritten as,
m12 (r x )
3
m102 r 4
x
2
r
1
1 0
( r x) 3
r
3x
m102 r 1 (after binomial expansion and assuming x r )
r
Equation (iii) and (iv) become

3x
m1
x m102 r 1 T
r
m2
x T m2 g .
3x
2
Adding, (m1 m2 ) x m10 r 1 r m2 g
33
3m102
x
m1 m2
Rg - SHM - 12
(v)
Thus the angular frequency of small oscillations, , is given by,,

3m1
m1 m2
(vi)
EXERCISE 5
1.
(A)
Potential energy
V(x) k | x |
By the conservation of energy,
1
mv 2 kx 3 ka 3 (in the region x > 0)
2
2k 3
(a x 3 )
m
dx
2k 3
(a x 3 )
dt
m
0
t
m
dx
dt
0
2k a a 3 x 3
Substituting x a sin 2
0 2a sin cos d
m

= t
3/2
2k
1 sin 6
2 a
2.
1
a
m 0
f ( ) d
k 2
1
a
(D)
2
U x k(1 e x )
F
2
dU
ke x .( 2x)
dx
k2xe x
F ( x) for x small
3.
(A), (C)
y1 a sin t; y 2 a sin t ; y 3 a sin t
4
4
34
Rg - SHM - 12
y1 y 2 y3 a 1 2 sin t
2
Energy (amplitude)
Energy a 2 (1 2) 2 a 2 (3 2 2)
4.
(A)
Effective value of g : g ' g cos
5.
F YL
A
L
F
YA L
L
Frequency f
6.
L
g cos
T 2
1 YA
2 LM
(A)
From 0 A / 2
Phase covered as
From 0 A
Phase covered as
T1
2
6
T2
T2
2
T1
T2 > T1
7.
8.
(A)
x Acos t . At t = 0, the particle is at the extreme position.
At the extreme position, the potential energy is maximum and displacement is maximum.
m1x1 m 2 x 2 (m1 m 2 )v 0t
x 2 v0t
Am1
(1 cos t)
m2
35
Rg - SHM - 12
v1 v 0 A sin(t)
When v1 v0
sin t 0
cos t 1
x 2 v0t
Am1
2
m2
x1 v0 t 2A
m
x 2 x1 2l0 2A 1 1
m2
m m2
l0 A 1
m 2
9.
(B)
k
2m
Maximum acceleration of P
for P friction provides Fresortoring

FF m 2 A
=m
10.
k
kA
A
2m
2
(B)
2
We have, y kt ,
11.
d2y
2k 2m / s 2
dt 2
T12 g 2 6
T22
g
5
Speed of block at y* A 2 y 2
2 (A 2 y*2 )
Height h attaind by block after detachment =
2g
2 (A 2 y*2 )
y*
Total height attached by the block H
2g
For H to be maximum,
dH
0
dy*
y* g / 2
36

12.
13.
14.
(B), (C)
If A B and C 0 then x A sin 2 t Bcos 2 t Csin t cos t
If A = B and C = 2B then x B 2Bsin t cos t B Bsin 2t
If A = B and C = 2B then x Bcos 2t Bsin 2t
If A = B and C = 0 then x = A
(C)
L
L
res 2 k ()
2
2
2
kL
2
KL2
2 6k
ML2
M
12
Rg - SHM - 12
(Not SHM)
(SHM)
(SHM)
(Not SHM)
L
2
L
2
(D)
k eff
k1k 2
k1 k 2
k eff A k1 A1
A1
15.
k 2A
k1 k 2
(D)
x A sin(t)
T 8s
4

2
t , x 1sin t ,
3
4
8
4
4
x 1sin
4 3
x
3
2
Acceleration a 2 x

4
16.
3
2
2 3
cm / s 2
32
(C)
At first only left spring (k) is compressed by x
37
Rg - SHM - 12
1 2 1
1
kx mv 2 4ky 2
2
2
2
x
y
2
y 1
x 2
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS

PASSAGE-1 ( QNO 17 TO 19)
17.
(C)
Energy should not exceed V0
V0 E 0
18.
(B)
1
mv 2 (A 4 x 4 )
2
v
x
dx
t
19.
2
A4 x 4
m
A x
2 t
dt
m 0
1 m
A
(D)
for | x | > x0
potential energy is constant
F=0
a=0
PASSAGE 2( Q NO 20 TO 23)
20.
(C)
v 0 A
At a displacement (x)
3
2kxR mR 2
2
2kx
acm
4k
x R a cm
3M
4k
3m
38
Rg - SHM - 12
at x = A
2kA mg m 2A
2kA mg
A
3mg
2k
v 0 A g
21.
3m
k
(D)
22.
m4k
A
3m
4k
3m
(D)
Fnet m 2 x
=
23.
24.
m4k
x
3m
4k
x
3
(A)
F = QE is a constant force
Hence no change in time period
(A, D)
ml 2 MR 2
Ml 2
In case A mg(l / 2) sin Mgl sin
2
3
ml 2
2
mg(
l
/
2)
sin
Mg
l
sin
In case B
3 Ml
torque A = torque B
frequency A < frequency B
39

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IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

5 5sin t, sin t 1 sin

angular frequency, 2v 10 rad s-1

Comparing with x Asin(t 0 ) , we get

v max A 0.02 ms1 = 0.01 3.142 ms-1 = 3.142 10-2 ms-1

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

v max A 2.5 102 2

Maximum potential energy = 0.1 J

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Now, 0.032 2 (A 2 0.042 )

On simplification, A = 0.05 m and = rad s-1

Required time period =

The time period is independent of the mass of bob.

0.02 ms -1 , 0.02 2ms -2

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

3.33 rad s-1

1.1 102 N m-1, 36 kg

Here m = 12 kg and T = 1.5 s

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

a = g (when block leaves contact)

distance covered in 2nd second A

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Phase difference between x = 0 and x = x 2

Phase difference between x1 and x2 = / 3

(Since 'P' goes to one extreme then comes back to cross Q)

v P2 v0 cos 1.6 v 0 sin

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Straight line with 've' slope

when the elevator accelerates up.

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

For equivalent length of simple pendulum T 2

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

let y be the displacement from mean position

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Phaser A max A12 A 22 2A1A 2 cos

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

equal. Resultant equation of option (B) is y 5sin t tan 1

II T -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

using phasor method

IIT -ians P ACE Edu.Pvt.Ltd.

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

time taken to come back in same phase

Total restoring force = (K + Adg) y

Comparing with a 2 y, we get

[ sin( / 2) / 2 for small amplitudes]

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