Professional Documents
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Argumosa
Argumosa
November
-14th 2014(
November 12th
12th-14th
2014( Lithuania
Lithuania ))
Index
1. UAV. Introduction. S&TO activities.
2. UAV Categories
3. Power Systems on UAVs
4. Current Fuel cell technologies on the market
5. FC power System
1. Mini UAV FC power system
2. Regular UAV FC power system
6. Conclusions
UAVs
TR-AVT-103 (2004)
S&TO activities on Fuel cells and UAVs
TR-SET-126 (2011)
TR-SET-173 (2014)
UAVs
Remotely controlled
Aerial powered platform with no onboard human operator
Autonomous
UAVs
There is a wide range of UAV
types, classified by
missions;,performance and by
weight or flight altitude.
Power systems
Function: to provide the thrust to propel the vehicle and the electricity to
power the electronic devices (control and payload)
Power technologies:
ICE (pistons, rotary and
turbine engines)
Electric Propulsion
(Rechargeable batteries, PV
panels, Fuel Cells, capacitors)
Scramjets
Reciprocating chemical muscles
Beamed power
Nuclear isotopes
Power systems
Do not forget that:
To get both thrust and electricity from an ICE engine you
need also an electric generator
To get both trust and electricity from a ELECTRIC propulsion
system you need also an electric motor
Conventional Technologies
Micro UAVs:
Mini UAVs:
Regular UAVs:
Electric propulsion
ICE
Energy stored in
Batteries
Looking for:
Higher Specific Power (SP)
Lower Specific Fuel
consumption (PFC)
Higher Energy Density
Energy stored in
Hydrocarbons &
Batteries
Power systems
PV
FC
ICE
BAT
Power systems
x
Electric
Propulsion
Electric motor
Battery
2 kw/Kg
150 wh/kg
FC System
Electric motor
Fuel
2 kw/Kg
446 wh/kg
PV
Electric motor
Battery
70 W/kg
2 kw/Kg
150 wh/kg
Engine
Electricity
Generator
Fuel + Battery
Higher SPC
2 kw/Kg
9000 wh/kg+150
wh/kg
Lower cost,
ICE Propulsion
PEMFC
SOFC
Improvements on Auxiliary
components are required:
80-160C
quick start
Pure H2
700 1000C
Higher efficiency; lower SP
Reformed Hydrocarbons fuel
AEROPAK
FUELcartridge
FUELCELLsystem
TOSHIBA
REGULAR UAV
Aerial Platform Description
Max Take-off Weight =300 kg
Platform Weight = 190 kg
Wingspan = 5,81m
Wing surface = 300 dm2
Mission Description
Flight Ceiling = 4000 m
Environmental conditions= ISA 35 to ISA +25
Launching altitude = 0 1000 m
Start up = 60 sg
Take off = 2 min. 5 degrees, 100% Max P
Climbing = 20 min. R/C 3.3 m/s 90% Max P
Cruise = 3000 m. 1h30. Flight speed 40 m/s.
Observation =2500m. 6h. Flight speed 40 m/s
Electrical extracted power = 1.5 kW
110 Wh/kg
250 Wh/kg
WEIGHT (g)
700
1570
2270
170
Avionics
100
TOTAL WEIGHT
2540
PEM FC Stack
200 W _ 600 W peak
Eff. 50% 2.2 l/min
Fuel Cartridge
NaBh4 + H2O
1 l _ 900Wh
Air
2000 l/min
Electric motor
& Propeller
Light composite p.
Brushless m.
No gearbox
Autonomy 1 h
3h
Payload 260 gr.
Energy Density
400 Wh/kg
Avionics
Receptor & servo
FCS & GPS
Radio modem
640 Wh/kg
WEIGHT (Kg)
18,5
3,0
Cooling lines
10,0
40,0
Mechanical parts
10,0
81,5
60,0
141,5
Hydrogen storage
18,5
Oxygen Storage
15,0
TOTAL WEIGHT
175,0
PEM FC Stack
& Battery
20 kW _27 kW peak
0.3 gr/sg
H2 Cylinders
4 bottlesl
660 gr. _ 300 b
O2
5350 gr
Electric motor
Brushless.
35m kw, 380 Nm
Eff 90%
FC Auxiliary Syst
Cooling & DC converters
Control system
Wires & fittings
Energy Density
85 Wh/kg
Autonomy 6h 0.5 h
NO Payload
FC System
400 Wh/kg
Li ion Battery
145 Wh/kg
FC System
50 Wh/kg
ICE
1000 Wh/kg
Fuel cell technology may be a good way to improve the UAVs performance, but it depends on the
mission. Environmental factors are also Important.
It is necessary to calculate in each scenario, whether fuel cells have better performance than batteries or
internal combustion engines. In general, fuel cells will be favoured above batteries in longer missions
and lower average power demands.
M. PILAR ARGUMOSA
argumosa@inta.es