Revision Material : Section A

First Order ODEs

1. (a) Solve the following initial value problem giving y as an explicit function of x
dy
sin t
= 2
dt
y

y(0) = 0

(b) Use an integrating factor to solve the following dierential equation giving y as an
explicit function of x
dy
+ 5y = 8e3x
dx
(c) Use the transformation y = vx to solve the following dierential equation giving y as
an explicit function of x
dy
x
=y+x
dx
Second Order ODEs
2. (a) Find the general solution of the following dierential equation
d2 y
dy
2 + 2y = 0
2
dt
dt
(b) Solve the following initial value problem
dy
d2 y
2 +y =0
2
dt
dt

dy
(0) = 0
dt

y(0) = 1

(c) Find the general solution of the following nonhomogeneous dierential equation
d2 y
dy
6 + 5y = 2t + 3
2
dt
dt
(d) Solve the following initial value problem
d2 y
dy

3
4y = e2t
2
dt
dt
Partial Dierentiation and Chain Rule
u
3. (a) Evaluate partial derivatives
,
x
u u
,
,
(b) Find partial derivatives
x t

y(0) =

1
6

dy
2
(0) =
dt
3

u
for u = e2t sin(3x) + x3 t2 ln t.
t
2u
2u
and
for
x2
t2

u = sin(x + 3t)
2u 2u
2 =0
x2
t
f
f
and
for the function
(c) Use the chain rule to find partial derivatives
u
v
Show that u satisfies the partial dierential equation

f (x, y) = ln(x + 2y)

where x = u2 + v 2 and y = 2uv.

Maxima and Minima

4. Find the stationary point of the function
f (x, y) = 2x2 xy + y 2 + 7x
and determine its nature.
Linear Approximation and Error Analysis
5. (a) Derive the Taylor series for f (x) = x expanded
about x0 = 16 up to and including

terms of degree 2. Hence estimate a value for 17 to 3 decimal places.

(b) Use Taylor series in 2D to obtain a linear approximation for f (x, y) = ln(1 + xy)
around the point (0, 1).
(c) If x, y and z are errors in x, y and z leading to an error f in f , use Taylor series
to derive a linear approximation for the error in f where
f (x, y, z) = x y z 4 .
If (x, y, z) changes from (1, 2, 1) to (0.99, 1.97, 1.02) estimate the change in f .

Double Integrals
6. (a) A region R, in the first quadrant, is bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 1 and the curve
y = x2 . Sketch the region R and evaluate the double integral

xy(x + y) dA
R

(b) Sketch the region over which the double integral is evaluated for
1 y
f (x, y) dx dy .
0

y2

Revision Material : Section B

7. A hot body cools according to Newtons law of cooling

dT
= k(T Ts )
dt
where T in 0 C is the temperature of the body at time t in mins, Ts is the constant
temperature of the surroundings and k is a constant rate coecient.
If the initial temperature of the body is given by T (0) = T0 , solve the initial value problem
for T (t).
A boiled egg is taken from boiling water at T0 = 100 C and placed in a basin of cooler
1
water at Ts = 40 C. If k = ln 3 determine the temperature of the egg after 3 mins.
3
(See also 2011 Exam, Q7)

8.

A voltage of V volts is applied to a quiescent electric circuit consisting of an inductor

of L henries and a capacitor of C farads. The charge q, in coulombs, of the capacitor is
given by the dierential equation
1
d2 q
L 2 + q=V
dt
C
When L = 1, C =

q(0) = 0,

dq
(0) = 0
dt

1
and V = 10, solve the initial value problem for q(t).
100

(See also 2011 Exam, Q6)

9. The power in an AC circuit is given by the formula
P (I, R) = I 2 R
If I and R are errors in I and R leading to an error P in P , use Taylor series to derive
the following linear approximation for the relative error in P
P
I R
2 +
P
I
R
If the maximum relative error in the current I is 3%, and in the resistance R is 1%,
estimate the maximum relative error in the power P.
10.

A closed box is made from materials such that the material for the lid costs 3 per m2
while that for the sides and bottom costs 1 per m2 . If the base has length x m and
width y m and the depth of the box is z m show that the cost C in s is
C = 4xy + 2yz + 2xz
If the volume of the box is to be 16 m3 , show that C can be expressed in terms of x and
y as
32 32
C = 4xy +
+
x
y
Find the stationary point of C and determine its nature. Write down the dimensions of
the cheapest box.

11.

A variable density plate has an rectangular area, R, bounded by the lines x = 0, x = 1

and y = 1, y = 2. If the density of the plate per unit area is given as
(x, y) = 4xy
then the mass moment of the plate about an axis through (0,0) and perpendicular to the
plate is given by the double integral
2 1
(x2 + y 2 )(x, y) dx dy
1

Find the mass moment.

(See also 2011 Exam, Q9, for Double Integral using polar coordinates)