Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kinetika Partikel
Kinetika Partikel
Solution Approach
A.
B.
C.
Equation of Motion
and Solution of Problems
Equation of motion:
Equation of Motion
and Solution of Problems
Constrained and Unconstrained Motion
unconstrained motion: the particle is free of mechanical
guides and follows a path determined by its initial motion
and by the forces which are applied to it from external
sources. An airplane or rocket in flight and an electron
moving in a charged field are examples of unconstrained
motion.
constrained motion: the path of the particle is partially or
totally determined by restraining guides. A train moving
along its track and a collar sliding along a fixed shaft.
Equation of Motion
and Solution of Problems
Degrees of freedom
independent coordinates are required to specify the position
of the particle at any instant.
three degrees of freedom: 3 independent coordinates are
required to specify the position free moving particle,
airplane, rocket in free flight.
two degrees of freedom: a marble sliding on the curved surface
of a bowl
one degree of freedom: If a particle is constrained to move along
a fixed linear path, as is the collar sliding along a fixed shaft.
Free-Body Diagram: every force, known and unknown, which
acts on the particle is represented and thus accounted for.
9
Equation of Motion
and Solution of Problems
The general procedure
1. Identify the motion
2. choose the coordinate system
3. draw the free-body diagram of the body.
4. Obtain the appropriate force summations from this
diagram in the usual way.
10
Rectilinear Motion
11
General case
Example
Example
13
Example
14
Example
15
Curvilinear Motion
16
Curvilinear Motion
Polar coordinates
17
Curvilinear Motion
The general procedure
1. Identify the motion
2. Choose the coordinate system
3. draw the free-body diagram of the body.
4. Obtain the appropriate force summations from this
diagram in the usual way.
18
Example
19
Contoh
20
Example
21
Example
23
dr = ds cos
dU = F.ds cos = F cos ds
F cos = Ft
Or,
25
26
27
28
11
N m2
kg 2
work-energy equation
the total work done by all forces acting on a particle as it moves from
point 1 to point 2 equals the corresponding change in kinetic energy
of the particle
T selalu positif
T bisa positif, negatif, atau nol
30
Efficiency
31
Example
32
Solution
33
Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
The gravitational potential energy Vg of the
particle is defined as the work m.g.h done
against the gravitational field to elevate the
particle a distance h above some arbitrary
reference plane (called a datum)
In going from one level at h=h1 to a higher
level at h=h2, the change in potential energy
Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
When large changes in altitude, the
gravitational force Gmme/r2 = mgR2/r2 is
no longer constant (inconstant).
The work done by GPE: U = Vg
Potential Energy
Potential Energy
Work-Energy Equation
T
U1-2 = 0
37
Problem
38
Solution
39
41
impulse-momentum diagram
If F = 0, So G1 = G2 Constant Conserved
42
Example
A tennis player strikes the tennis ball with her racket when
the ball is at the uppermost point of its trajectory as
shown. The horizontal velocity of the ball just before
impact with the racket is v1= 50 ft/sec, and just after
impact its velocity is v2 = 70 ft/sec directed at the 15 angle
as shown. If the 2-oz (0.125 lb) ball is in contact with the
racket for 0.02 sec, determine the magnitude of the
average force R exerted by the racket on the ball. Also
determine the angle made by R with the horizontal.
43
Solution
44
45
46
US : [lb/(ft/sec2)][ft/sec][ft] = lb-ft-sec
47
48
X-component
49
50
Example
51
Solution
52
53
54
55
Coefficient of Restitution
1.
2.
3.
Coefficient of restitution
57
Example
58
Solution
59
Contoh
Sebuah gerbong kereta 10.000 kg yang berjalan dengan laju
24 m/s menabrak gerbong lain yang sejenis yang sedang
dalam keadaan diam, setelah menabrak kecepatan keduanya
12 m/s, hitung berapa besar energi kinetik awal yang diubah
menjadi energi panas atau bentuk energi lainnya.
Sebelum tumbukan
1
1
2
m1v1 10.000kg 24m / s 2 2,88 x106 J
2
2
Setelah tumbukan
1
20.000kg 12m / s 2 1,44 x106 J
2
60