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WatermarkedAt A Glance 2016
WatermarkedAt A Glance 2016
PY
C
E
U
D
IG
TE
M
AT
ER
IA
LD
N
O
AL
T
ER
R
EP
R
O
At-A-Glance
At-A-Glance Outpatient
Outpatient
Management
Management Reference
Reference
for
for Chronic
Chronic Obstructive
Obstructive
Pulmonary
Pulmonary Disease
Disease (COPD)
(COPD)
DIAGNOSING COPD
R
O
C
E
R
EP
AL
T
ER
ER
IA
Chronic cough:
LD
N
O
M
AT
PY
IG
TE
ASSESSMENT OF COPD
R
EP
Symptoms
Degree of airflow limitation (using spirometry)
Risk of exacerbations
Comorbidities
R
O
C
E
The goals of COPD assessment are to determine the severity of the disease, its
impact on patients health status, and the risk of future events (exacerbations,
hospital admissions, death) in order to guide therapy. Assess the following
aspects of the disease separately:
N
O
AL
T
ER
LD
GOLD 3:
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Very Severe
TE
GOLD 4:
GOLD 2:
M
AT
GOLD 1:
ER
IA
PY
IG
(GOLD 1 or 2):
(GOLD 3 or 4):
High Risk
R
O
Airflow Limitation:
Low Risk
R
EP
Less Symptoms
More Symptoms
C
E
Exacerbations:
AL
T
ER
Low Risk: 1 per year and no hospitalization for exacerbation: patient is (A) or (B)
High Risk: 2 per year or 1 with hospitalization: patient is (C) or (D)
Table 3. Combined Assessment of COPD
M
AT
D
TE
H
Risk
(Exacrbation History)
N
O
LD
(A)
(B)
CAT < 10
CAT 10
1 (not leading
to hospital
admission)
Symptoms
mMRC 0-1
mMRC 2
Breathlessness
Characteristic
Spirometric
Classification
CAT
mMRC
Low Risk
Less Symptoms
GOLD 1-2
< 10
0-1
Low Risk
More Symptoms
GOLD 1-2
10
High Risk
Less Symptoms
GOLD 3-4
< 10
0-1
High Risk
More Symptoms
GOLD 3-4
10
PY
IG
Patient
2
or
1 leading
to hospital
admission
(D)
(C)
ER
IA
Risk
When assessing risk, choose the highest risk according to GOLD grade or exacerbation history.
(One or more hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations should be considered high risk.)
R
O
REDUCE SYMPTOMS
Relieve symptoms
Improve exercise tolerance
Improve health status
and
Prevent disease progression
Prevent and treat exacerbations
Reduce mortality
R
EP
C
E
REDUCE RISK
AL
T
Bronchodilators Recommendations:
ER
These goals should be reached with minimal side effects from treatment, a particular
challenge in COPD patients because they commonly have comorbidities that also
need to be carefully identified and treated.
N
O
ER
IA
LD
TE
IG
M
AT
PY
Glossary:
SA: short-acting
LA: long-acting
ICS: inhaled
corticosteroid
PDE-4:
phosphodiesterase-4
prn: when necessary
**Medications in
this column can be
used alone or in
combination with
other options in the
First and Alternative
Choice columns
*Medications in each
box are mentioned
in alphabetical order
and therefore not
necessarily in order
of preference.
RECOMMENDED
FIRST CHOICE
ICS + LA beta2-agonist
and/or
LA anticholinergic
ICS + LA beta2-agonist
or
LA anticholinergic
PDE-4 inhibitor
or
LA anticholinergic and
LA beta2-agonist
or
LA anticholinergic and
PDE-4 inhibitor
LA anticholinergic and
N LA betaor -agonist
OLA anticholinergic and
T PDE-4orInhibitor
AL
LA beta -agonist and
PDE-4 Inhibitor
TE
R
ICS + LA beta -agonist and
LA anticholinergicO
or
R
ICS + LA beta -agonist and
LA anticholinergic and
LA beta2-agonist
LA anticholinergic
or
LA beta2-agonist
or
SA beta2-agonist and
SA anticholinergic
ALTERNATIVE CHOICE
R
EP
C
E
Theophylline
SA beta2-agonist and/or
SA anticholinergic
R
O
N-acetylcysteine
Carbocysteine
Theophylline
SA beta2-agonist and/or
SA anticholinergic
Theophylline
SA beta2-agonist and/or
SA anticholinergic
Theophylline
prn
DSA anticholinergic
or
Mbeta -agonist
SA
prn
AT
ER
LA anticholinergic
or
IA
LA beta -agonist
L-
TE
RPatient
IG
Group
H
PY
5 mg (Pill),
0.024%(Syrup)
2.5, 5 mg (Pill)
0.1, 0.5
ER
6-8
7-9
AL
T
12
24
24
24
N
O
6-8
6-8
12
24
24
24
LD
ER
IA
12
12
24
24
12
24
240
Variable, up to 24
Variable, up to 24
PY
IG
TE
M
AT
4-6
4-6
Terbutaline
400, 500 (DPI)
Beta2-agonists - Long-acting
Formoterol
4.5-12 (MDI & DPI)
0.01
Arformoterol
0.0075
Indacaterol
75-300 (DPI)
Olodaterol
5mcg (SMI)
Salmeterol
25-50 (MDI & DPI)
Tulobuterol
2 mg (transdermal)
Anticholinergics - Short-acting
Ipratropium bromide
20, 40 (MDI)
0.25-0.5
Oxitropium bromide
100 (MDI)
1.5
Anticholinergics - Long-acting
Aclidinium bromide
322 (DPI)
Glycopyrronium bromide
44 (DPI)
Tiotropium
18 (DPI), 5 (SMI)
Umeclidinium
62.5 (DPI)
Combination short-acting beta2-agonists plus anticholinergic in one inhaler
Fenoterol/Ipratropium
200/80 (MDI)
1.25/0.5
Salbutamol/Ipratropium
100/20 (SMI)
Combination long-acting beta2-agonist plus anticholinergic in one inhaler
Formoterol/aclidinium
12/340 (DPI)
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium
85/43 (DPI)
Olodaterol/tiotropium
5/5 (SMI)
Vilanterol/umeclidinium
25/62.5 (DPI)
Methylxanthines
Aminophylline
200-600 mg (Pill)
Theophylline (SR)
100-600 mg (Pill)
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone
50-400 (MDI & DPI)
0.2-0.4
0.20. 0.25,
Budesonide
100, 200, 400 (DPI)
0.5
Fluticasone
50-500 (MDI & DPI)
Combination long-acting beta2-agonists plus corticosteroids in one inhaler
Formoterol/belclometasone
6/100 (MDI & DPI)
4.5/160 (MDI)
Formoterol/budesonide
9/320 (DPI)
Formoterol/mometasone
10/200, 10/400 (MDI)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone
50/100, 250, 500 (DPI)
Vilanterol/Fluticasone
25/100 (DPI)
furoate
Systemic corticosteroids
Prednisone
Methyl-prednisolone
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
Roflumilast
5-60 mg (Pill)
4, 8, 16 mg (Pill)
C
E
4-6
6-8
0.05% (Syrup)
1
0.21, 0.42
R
O
Salbutamol (albuterol)
100-200 (MDI)
45-90 (MDI)
R
EP
Beta2-agonists - Short-acting
Fenoterol
Levalbuterol
24
C
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U
D
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O
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EP
R
O
ER
AL
T
T
N
O
O
LD
ER
IA
M
AT
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TE
H
IG
R
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