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Multivariable Calculus, 2009-10-30. Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 167 615/0709 - 398 526
Multivariable Calculus, 2009-10-30. Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 167 615/0709 - 398 526
1. Calculate the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = ln
z
x2 + y 2
(2p)
lim
(x,y)(0,0)
sin(x2 + y 2 2xy)
.
x2 + y 2
(2p)
y
+ 1 = 0 implicitly defines a function z = g(x, y)
z
(2p)
5. Calculate the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves
xy = 1, xy = 4, y = x, and y = 2x.
(3p)
(3p)
7. Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of g(x, y) = 9xy 2 e2x3y
on the set = {(x, y) R2 | 0 x 2, 0 y 2}.
ZZ
8. Calculate
x2 z 2 dS,
where S = {(x, y, z) R3 | z =
(5p)
p
x2 + y 2 , 1 x2 + y 2 2}.
(5p)
ZZZ
9. Calculate
K
z
1+
x2
y2
z2
dx dy dz , K = {(x, y, z) R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 1, z 0 }. (5p)
ln x ln y = ln
ln xa = a ln x
(x, y > 0)
x
y
Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)
x0+
sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
lim
=1
x0
x
x
e 1
lim
=1
x0
x
lim
x0
ax
= (a > 1)
x x
x
lim
= (a > 1, > 0)
x loga x
an
lim
=0
n n!
lim
Basic derivatives
f (x)
f 0 (x)
xa
axa1
ax
ax ln a
ln |x|
1
x
sin x
cos x
cos x
sin x
tan x
1 + tan2 x =
arccos x
arctan x
p
ln x + x2 +
1
2x
x2 + +
1
1 x2
1
1 x2
1
1 + x2
1
x2 +
p
x2 +
arcsin x
ln x + x2 +
1
cos2 x
Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R R
f (a + h) = f (a) + f 0 (a) h +
X
f 00 (a) 2
f (n) (a) n
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0
X
1
=
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + (1 < x < 1)
1x
k=0
2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +
3. ex =
( 1)( 2) 3
( 1) 2
x +
x + (1 < x < 1)
2
23
X
1
1
1 k
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6
k=0
4. sin x =
X
1
1 5
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 +
x
(2k 1)!
6
120
k=1
5. cos x =
X
1
1
(1)k 2k
x = 1 x2 + x4
(2k)!
2
24
k=0
6. ln(x + 1) =
X
1
1
(1)k+1 k
x = x x2 + x3 (1 < x 1)
k
2
3
k=1
7. arctan x =
X
k=1
1
1
(1)k+1 2k1
x
= x x3 + x5 (1 x 1)
(2k 1)
3
5
X
1
n
h
+k
f (x, y)(a,b)
n!
x
y
n=0
Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x a) + fy (a, b)(y b)
Level surface F (x, y, z) = C
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, c)
Fx (a, b, c)(x a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z c) = 0
Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Du f (a, b, c) = fu0 (a, b, c) = u f (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).
Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane
x = x(u, v)
u = u(x, y)
v = v(x, y)
y = y(u, v)
ZZ
Then
ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =
with
(x, y)
f (x(u, v), y(u, v))
dudv,
(u, v)
Duv
xv
6= 0.
yv
xu
(x, y)
=
(u, v)
yu
Polar coordinates
x = r cos
r sin
(x, y)
= r,
(r, )
ZZ
ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =
Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in uvw .
ZZ
ZZ
(x, y, z)
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w))
dudvdw,
(u, v, w)
with
uvw
(x, y, z)
6= 0
(u, v, w)
Spherical coordinates
x = sin cos
y = sin sin
z =
cos
(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d
Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v) D.
ZZ
ZZ
r
r
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v))
dudv
u v
S
Sxy