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Introduction To The Characteristics of Partial Differential Equations Pertinent To Simulation of Engineering Problems
Introduction To The Characteristics of Partial Differential Equations Pertinent To Simulation of Engineering Problems
Overview
Introduction
Classification
Classification by Characteristics
Solution of PDE
Properties of different PDEs
Some examples from Fluid Mechanics
Introduction
Classification of PDE
Non-Linear PDE
5
Elliptic
if
Parbolic
if
Hyperbolic if
B2-4AC <0
B2-4AC=0
B2-4AC >0
Examples of PDE
2
u
Parabolic PDE:- The heat equation
= 2
t
x
2u
2u
=c 2
2
t
x
2T 2T
+ 2 =0
2
x
y
Q[ uxx+uyy+uzz=Q(x,y,z)]
temperature
Heat source/volume
deflection
pressure
electrostatics
Electrostatic
potential
Charge/unit volume
Mass source
strength/volume
Stream
function
-Vorticity
Newtonian gravitation
Gravitational
potential
Mass density
9
Classification by Characteristics
u
u
+b
= c
t
x
du u dx u
=
+
dt
x dt
t
10
Classification by Characteristics
u=u0+c/a*t
11
Classification by Characteristics
II Order Equation
Define
13
II Order Equation
From definition
2 real solutions
1 real solutions
no real solutions
15
variables
16
Conditions
Boundary Conditions
u
= f
n
or u
s
=g
on
18
19
Principle of Superposition
20
Role of Characteristics
21
Parabolic PDE
u (t , L) = ul
u (t ,0 ) = u 0
u (0, x) = g ( x)
Separation of Variables
Determine
Using
Elliptic PDE
T ( x ,0 ) = T 1
T (W , y ) = T 2
T ( x,3) = T 3
T (0, y ) = T 4
25
Properties
Problem
Dirichlet Problem
27
Method of Discretization
Hyperbolic PDE
2u
2u
Consider t he one dimensional Wave
=c
2
2
x
Equation with boundary conditions
u
= g ( x)
t t =0
u (t ,0) = u 0 u (t , L) = ul
30
31
c2
x = 0
type.
Method of characteristic can be applied
Characteristics can be viewed as curves
across which the derivatives of the flow
quantities u and p can jump while u and p
themselves remain constant
32
Characteristic
Across
33
Summary
References
35