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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

CODES OF PROTECTION OF STRUCTURES AGAINST LIGHTNING.
BS 6651 : Protection of structures against lightning.
BSEN 62305 : Embrace the whole concept of lightning protection from design to installation.
IEC 61024-1 : Protection of structures against lightning.
IEC 60364-5-54 : Earthing arrangements and protective conductors.
KS C 9609 : Lightning rod.
UL96 : Lightning Protection Components.

EARTH RODS.
When earth rods are used, they should be driven into the ground beneath, or as close as practicable to,
the structure and down conductor. The practice of siting terminations away from the building is normally
unnecessary and uneconomical.
Where ground conditions are favourable for the use of rods in parallel, the reduction in earth resistance
is small when the separation between the rods becomes less than their driven length.
Lightning protection system for tall buildings(over 20m high) showing air terminations, down
conductors, bonds to projections above roof.
Air termination bonded
to steel reinforcing or
steel frame of buliding.

Earth electrode
Air termination mesh should be not greater than 10m X 20m. Down conductor should be not more than 10m apart.

Earth terminations : arrangement of earth electrodes.

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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

AIR TERMINATIONS.
Air termination networks may consist of vertical or horizontal conductors or combinations of both.
For large flat roofs, this is achived typically by use of an air termination network mesh of approximately 10m x 20m.
On multiple ridge roofs, additional conductors are necessary if the separation, S(in metres), of the ridges
is greater than 10 +2H, where H is the height of the ridge (in metres). See Fig.5
On a reinforced concrete structure, the air termination should be connected to the reinforcing bars in the number
of positions needed for down conductors.
Air terminations for a flat roof

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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Air terminations for flat roofs at different levels

Perimeter = 24 + 24+ 12+ 12 = 72m

Number of down conductoors required
= 72/20 = 4.

Air terminations for large areas of roof of various profiles.

NOTE 1 If S > 10 +2H, additional longitudinal conductors are needed so that the distance between conductors
NOTE 1does not exceed 10m.
NOTE 2 If the length of the roof exceeds 20m. additional transverse conductors are necessary.
NOTE 3 Down conductors are omitted for clarity.

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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Air terminations for tall conducting structures.

The air termination network for a tall reinforced concrete

or steel structure should be as follows:
a) horizontal conductors on roofs from a 10m X 20m network;
b) bonds to steelwork at comers, at 20m intervals around the
b) periphery and on the tower 0.5m above the lower roof level;
c) key bonding to the building steelwork.

Example of lightning protection system for brick chimneys.

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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

DOWN CONDUCTORS.
The function of a down conductor is to provide a low impedance path from the air termination to the earth
electrode so that the lightning current can be safely conducted to earth.
Depending upon the form of the building, it is often necessary to have multiple down conductors in parallel,
some or all of which may be part of the building structure itself. For example, a steel framed or reinforced concrete
structure might need no added down conductors as the framework itself provides an efficiant natual network
of many paths to earth ; conversely a structure made entirely from non-conducting materials would need
down conductors deployed according to the size and form of the structure.
Patterns of down conductors(natural or not) for various forms of tall building.
The down conductors may be natural (parts of the building framework) or added strips or rods on external faces.
On structures exceeding 20m in height, down conductors should be spaced not more than 10m apart.

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EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Air termination and zone of protection for simple structure with explosive or
highly flammable contents.

To prevent flashover between mast/conductor and protected building, the minimum clearance distance has to be 2m,
whichever is the greater.
This clearance has to under maximum sag conditions, i.e. snow ice on the aerial conductor.

CORROSION.
Electrolytic corrosion between dissimilar metals :
The contact of dissimilar metals, unless the contact surfaces are kept completely dry and protected
against the ingress of moisture, is likely to initiate and accelerate corrosion.
Chemical corrosion of copper :
Although copper is highly resistant to many types of chemical attack, lead coating is recommended where
it is subject to serve corrosion due to the presence of sulphur compounds.

INSPECTION.
All lightning protection systems should be visually inspected by a competent person during installation,
after completetion and after alteration or extension, in order to verify that they conform to the recommendations in
BS6651, Visual inspections should be repeated at fixed intervals, preferably not exceeding 12 months.

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COPPER CONDUCTOR & COPPER TAPE

ANNEALED STRANDED COPPER CONDUCTOR
IEC Standard Designation : IEC60228
Soft drawn stranded copper : BS6360

Reference

Conductor
Size2

Stranded construction
Number/diameter
No./mm

Electric
Resistance2 max.
/mm

Overall Diameter
mm(approx.)

Approximately Weight
kg/km

10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300

7/1.35

1.15
0.727
0.524
0.387
0.268
0.193
0.153
0.124
0.0991
0.0754
0.0601

4.7
5.9
7
8.1
9.6
11.4
13
14.4
16
18.3
20.5

142
225
312
427
617
854
1034
1280
1600
2064
2641

(mm )

Compact
Stranded
C.C

Remarks : The numerical values in this table are taken at 20

COPPER CONDUCTOR PVC INSULATED GROUNDING WIRE

Green/Yellow PVC Covered Soft drawn stranded copper : BS 6004 / PVC Green or Green/Yellow insulation : IEC60502
Conduct
Nominal sectional
area Construction
2
mm
No./mm

6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300

Nominal thickness
of insulation
mm

Approx. weight of cable

kg/m

2.4
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.6
4.0
4.5

0.19
0.29
0.41
0.53
0.73
1.00
1.16
1.54
2.01
2.49
3.05

7/1.04
7/1.35
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.
C.C.

*C.C. : Circular Compact stranded shape

HIGH CONDUCTIVITY COPPER TAPE (BS EN13601)

Dimensions(mm)

PART NO

Qty per coil

Weight per m

50M

0.27kg

25

50M

0.67kg

30

50M

0.80kg

CT - 3806

38

25M

1.45kg

CT - 5003

50

40M

1.33kg

50

20M

2.68kg

20

CT - 2503
CT - 3003

CT - 2003

CT - 5006

*Steel Tape(H.D.G) is available.

**Tinned Copper Tape : 30M

PVC COVERED COPPER TAPE

Dimensions(mm)

PART NO

Weight per m

5M

0.77kg

5M

1.53kg

5M

2.95kg

IBCB - 253

25

IBCB - 256

25

IBCB - 506

50

High conductivity copper

Insulation : Green Color (UV stability)

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Qty per coil

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