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Mailik Halol Report Final
Mailik Halol Report Final
Mailik Halol Report Final
PROJECT REPORT
ON
SIEMENS INDUSTRIES
PROJECT GUIDE: TEJAS PAREKH
(MBAGJ0042)
PAREPARED BY: MAULIK PARMAR
CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitle TIME A& MOTION STUDY
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the
degree of MBA at BARODA Institute of Technology, affiliated to Sikkim
Manipal University, Sikkim, is an authentic work and has not been
submitted
to
any
other
University/Institute
for
award
degree/diploma.
MAULIK PARMAR
(140202869)
MBA, BARODA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Sikkim Manipal University
VADODARA, GUJARAT
of
any
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INDEX
SR. NO.
PARTICULER
PAGE NO.
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
13
28
COMPANY PROFILE
30
34
DIRECTORS REPORT
36
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION
39
10
AUDITORS REPORT
55
11
57
12
RATIO ANALYSIS
66
13
FINDINGS
95
14
FINDINGS
96
15
RECOMMENDATIONS
97
16
SUGGESTIONS
98
17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
99
18
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
100
INTRODUCTION TO
THE TOPIC
Introduction
Productivity & Labour Productivity
Productivity is a measure of output from a production
process, per unit of input. For example, labor
productivity is typically measured as a ratio of output
per labor-hour, an input. Productivity may be conceived
of as a metric of the technical or engineering efficiency
of production. As such, the emphasis is on quantitative
metrics of input, and sometimes output. Productivity is
distinct from metrics of allocative efficiency, which take
into account both the monetary value (price) of what is
produced and the cost of inputs used, and also distinct
from metrics of profitability, which address the
difference between the revenues obtained from output
and the expense associated with consumption of inputs.
Labour productivity is the ratio of (the real value of)
output to the input of labour. Where possible, hours
worked, rather than the numbers of employees, is used
as the measure of labour input. With an increase in
part-time employment, hours worked provides the more
accurate measure of labour input. Labour productivity
should be interpreted very carefully if used as a
measure of efficiency. In particular, it reflects more than
just the efficiency or productivity of workers. Labour
productivity is the ratio of output to labour input; and
output is influenced by many factors that are outside of
workers' influence, including the nature and amount of
capital equipment that is available, the introduction of
new technologies, and management practices.
Objective of Productivity
To bring technological change
Efficiency
Cost Saving
Improving process
Living standard
Levels Of
Productivi
ty
Individual
Unit
Title Justification
The topic study of workers productivity shows the
productivity of workers during their work time. The topic
suggest about the per unit wages of workers means it
defines their idle hour and working hours. Time and
motion study is one of the methods for study the
productivity of workers in industry. This project helps
workers as well as employer to increase productivity in
their organizations. Hawthorne experiments also give
methods to study productivity by its experiments. The
study of workers productivity mainly depends upon the
output which he provides to the organization by his
efforts.
&
Motion
Study
and
5. Performance Appraisal.
COMPAN
Y
PROFILE
ABOUT COMPANY
Indias progress as a nation involves finding sustainable
solutions to challenges such as ever-growing demand
for energy, higher industrial productivity, modern urban
infrastructure and high-quality healthcare.
Siemens
Sheet
Employees
Fact
19,000
12
Existing factories
22
Sales offices
56
Centers of competence
R&D centers
11
SMART products
31
SIEMENS in India
Siemens heritage in India dates right back to 1867
when it began laying the worlds first undersea cable
from London to Kolkata.
Timeline
1867
Laying of the first trans-continental Indo-European
telegraph line between London and Kolkata, personally
supervised by Siemens founder Werner von Siemens.
1922
Siemens India founded with headquarters in Kolkata.
1956
Sets up assembly and
Mahalaxmi Bridge, Mumbai.
repair
workshop
under
1957
Sets up a full-fledged manufacturing unit at Worli,
Mumbai, for switchboards. Incorporated as Siemens
Engineering and Manufacturing Company of India
Private Limited
1959
Healthcare equipment manufacturing commences at
Worli, Mumbai.
1960
Switchboard production at Kolkata (later shifted to
Andheri in 1963)
1962
Commences railway signaling equipment at Worli,
Mumbai.
1964
New complex at Kalwa founded for switchboard,
switchgear and motor factories (expanded in 1973-75)
1966
Manufacture of motors commences at Kalwa.
1967
Renamed from Siemens Engineering & Manufacturing
Co. of India Ltd. to Siemens India Ltd. (it was again
renamed as Siemens Ltd. in 1987)
1971
Lists on the stock exchanges.
1977
Manufacture of industrial
commences at Worli.
electronics
equipment
1980
Manufacturing of switchboards at Joka
1981
Assembly of switchboards starts at Nashik.
1987
Modern
Nashik.
industrial
electronics
production
starts
at
1991
New switchgear
Aurangabad.
(low-voltage)
factory
set
up
at
1995
Assembly of healthcare equipment starts at Goa.
1994
Sets up facilities for manufacture of optical fiber cable
and solar photovoltaic systems at Aurangabad.
1998
High-voltage
switchgear
production
starts
at
Aurangabad. Siemens Hearing Instruments Pvt. Ltd
formed.
2004
Corporate Technology Center, a hub for technology R&D
for Siemens worldwide, set up in Bangalore
2005
Small turbines production starts at Vadodara.
2006
50th year of manufacturing in India
2009
Produces first 145kV gas insulated switchgear (GIS)
from
the
recently-inaugurated
GIS
factory
at
Aurangabad. Starts gas-insulated switchgear unit in
2011
Rolls out worlds first 1200 kV SF6 circuit breaker from
Aurangabad factory. Crosses Rs 100 billion in revenues.
Announces amalgamation of Siemens VAI Metals
Technologies Pvt. Ltd. and Morgan Construction
Company Pvt. Ltd. Merges Siemens Healthcare
Diagnostics with itself.
2012
Twin-factories in Goa for energy automation and
medium voltage. Announces amalgamation of Siemens
Power Engineering Pvt. Ltd.
Businesses of
company
Electrification, automation and digitalization are the
long-term growth fields of Siemens. In order to take full
advantage of the market potential in these fields, our
businesses are bundled into nine divisions and
healthcare as a separately managed business.
independent
power
producers,
engineering,
procurement, and construction (EPCs) companies and
industrial customers e.g. the oil and gas industry.
Mobility
Efficient and integrated transportation of people and
goods by rail and road all products, solutions and
services regarding mobility are handled by the Mobility
Division.
What we do
and
service
of
vehicles
and
What we do
Wind Power
Energy Management
The Energy Management Division is one of the leading
global suppliers of products, systems, solutions, and
services for the economical, reliable, and intelligent
transmission and distribution of electrical power.
What we do
What we do
Building Technologies
Building Technologies is the world market leader for
safe, energy efficient and environmentally friendly
buildings and infrastructure. As a technology partner,
consultant, service provider, system integrator and
product supplier, Building Technologies offers fire
safety,
security,
building
automation,
heating,
ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) as well as
energy management products and services.
What we do
Digital Factory
The Digital Factory (DF) Division offers a comprehensive
portfolio of seamlessly integrated hardware, software
and technology-based services in order to support
manufacturing companies worldwide in enhancing the
flexibility and efficiency of their manufacturing
processes and reducing the time to market of their
products.
What we do
What we do
Management &
Leadership
As on 30th Jan 2014
Corporate Management
Christian Rummel
Financial Officer
Executive
Director
and
Chief
Christian Rummel
Innovations
Drive systems
Energy Management and consulting
Mobility solutions Parking and Traffic management
systems, Rail automation and electrification, Highspeed trains etc.
Building Technologies Energy-saving performance
contracting, Building modernization, components for
heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
Lighting Energy saving lamps, Light emitting
diodes, etc.
Refurbished systems
CT Scanners
Magnetic resonance imaging
Sustainability at Siemens in India
Sustainability is a key pillar of the corporate strategy at
Siemens, with the three areas environment, economy
and society governing all the activities at the
organization.
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Social
Sustainabi
lity
Sustainability at Siemens includes corporate citizenship as well
as occupational health and safety.
MISSION
VISSION AND
VALUE
A clear mission
A consistent strategy
this ownership culture is based on our company valuesResponsible, Excellence & Innovative.
Responsible
Excellence
Innovative
Our path
Vision 2020 defines an entrepreneurial concept that will
enable our company to consistently occupy attractive
growth fields, sustainably strengthen our core business
and outpace our competitors in efficiency and
performance.icon link
Our culture
One engine of sustainable business is our ownership
culture, in which every employee takes personal
responsibility for our companys success. Always act as
if it were your own company this maxim applies to
everyone at Siemens, from Managing Board member to
trainee.icon link
Our strategy
With our positioning along the electrification value
chain, we have knowhow that extends from power
generation to power transmission, power distribution
and smart grid to the efficient application of electrical
energy.
Siemens Dairy
Process
Automation
RESEARCH
METHODOLOG
Y
Title
Page
No.
4.1
Introduction
98
4.2
98
4.2.1
98
4.2.2
99
4.2.3
100
101
103
103
106
106
107
4.3
108
4.3.1
108
4.3.2
110
4.3.3
112
4.3.4
113
4.3.5
115
116
116
117
117
4.3.5.5
118
119
119
conditions: (1) a qualified, well-trained operator, (2) working at a normal pace, and
(3) doing a specific task.
Time Study Techniques/Types:
Time study is usually referred to as work measurement and it involves the technique
of establishing an allowed time standard to perform a given task, based on
measurement of the work content of the prescribed method and with due allowance
for fatigue, personal or unavoidable delays. Establishes time values are a step in
systematic procedure of developing new work centers and improving methods in
existing work centers. Chart presents time study techniques.
Chart Time Study Techniques by Source
Sr.No
Source
Barnes, (1980)
Niebel, (1993)
Lawrences, (2000)
To do time study various experts provided with the various techniques of time study
which are summarized in chart. The time technique is discussed by five different
sources. Most of the technique had a same method but differ by name. The detail
descriptions on the techniques are shown as below:
Stopwatch Time Study Method:
Work study is divided in two groups in order to gain higher productivity. First group
is a group of method studies which are used to simplify the job and develop more
ergonomic methods of doing it. Second group is a group of work measurements which
are used to find the time required to carry out the operation at a defined level of
activity (Russell, Taylor, 2005a) .
Stopwatch time study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a
task at a normal pace. A normal operator is defined as a qualified, thoroughly
experienced operator who is working under conditions as they customarily prevail at
the work station, at a pace that is neither fast nor slow, but representative of an
average. The actual time taken by the above-average operation must be increased, and
the time taken by the below-average must be reduced to the value representative of
normal performance. Performance rating is a technique for equitably determining the
time required to perform a task by the normal operator after the observed values of the
operation under study have been recorded (Nakayama, 2002). Hence, when a work is
measured with the stop watch device it is known as stop watch time study method.
Stop watch time study method is a technique of establishing an allowed time standard
to perform a given task with the help of stop watch along with due allowance. When a
stop watch is used as a work measurement technique to record times and rates of
working for the element of specified job carried out under specified conditions and for
analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary to carry a specified job at
specified level of performance is referred to as stop watch time study method.
Frederick W. Taylor started to develop time study in 1881 when he started measuring
time at a machine shop at home with stopwatch and clipboard. That was the beginning
of time study. Even Taylor used stopwatch, as basic tool for recording time, present
tools hasnt changed much. Today besides standard tools of time study, stopwatch and
clipboard, we use digital stopwatches, computers, barcodes and accustudy software
(Izetbegovic, 2007).
Evolution of Stop Watch Time Study Method:
The Chart showed the major evolution milestone of time study in the industry. This is
given according to year and the person that contribute to the evolution of the time
study technique.
Chart
Major Evolution Milestones of Time Study
Sr.No
Year
Person
Contribution
1760
Jean Rodolphe Perronet- Extensive time studies on the manufacture of No. 6 common
French engineer
pins and arrived at a standard of 494 per hour (2.0243 hrs/1000).
1820
Charles W. Babbage- an
English economist
1900-1984 Ralph M.
Barnes
or repetitive jobs, jobs with longer cycle time, to check correctness of existing time,
comparison of two methods etc.
2. Standardize the Method of Working:
To achieve performance standard accuracy it is necessary to record the correct
method of working.
3. Select the operator for study:
Select the consistent worker whose performance should be average or close to
average so that observed times are close to normal times.
4. Record the details:
The following information is recorded on observation sheet: Name of labour,
task/job performed, department, section of work activity, general information
about activity performed etc.
5. Break the task into element:
Each operation is divided into a number of elements. This is done for easy
observation and accurate measurement.
6. Determine number of cycles to be measured:
It is important to determine and measure the number of cycles that needs to be
observed to arrive at accurate average time. A guide for the number of cycles to be
timed based on total number of minutes per cycle is shown below in Chart 4.3.
Chart
Number of recommended cycles for time study
Minutes Per
Cycle
Number of
Cycles
Recommended
To
To
To
To
To
0.10 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
200
100
60
40
30
To
2.0
To
5.0
20
15
To
To
To Over
10.0 20.0 40.0 40
10
tool breakage etc. So some extra time is added to the normal time. The extra time
Chart
List of Major Companies using Stop Watch time study Method
List of Major Companies using Stop Watch Time
Sr.No
Study method
1
General Motors
Source: www.wikipedia.com
The above list is indicative and not exhaustive.
a, b, c
After understanding stop watch time study method section introduces MOST
work measurement technique in this section.
Concept of MOST Work Measurement technique:
MOST stands for Maynard operation Sequence technique. It is one of the
important work measurement technique used for management decisions. Work
measurement is a tool used as a basis for planning, scheduling, estimation of costs and
evaluation of performance. Motion Time Analysis (MTA) was developed in 1920.
Method Time Measurement (MTM) published in 1948 was one of the base methods
for many simplified and more efficient techniques. MOST is one of the recent MTM
based techniques that is used for work measurement. MOST is the activity based work
measurement system that enables us to calculate the length of time required to
perform a task i.e. a system to measure work. The concept of MOST was developed in
1967 and Basic MOST system was introduced in Sweden in 1972 and in the United
States in 1974. MOST is easy and faster action based system known as user friendly
work predetermined motion time system. It is a breakthrough work measurement
technique that allows a greater variety of work (both repetitive and non-repetitive) for
manufacturing, engineering to administrative service activities to be measured quickly
with ease and accuracy.
Work means exerting energy to accomplish some task or to perform some
useful activity. Physics defines work as the product of force times distance (W = f x
d), or simply work is the displacement of a mass or object. This definition applies
quite well to the largest portion of the work accomplished every day (e.g. pushing
pencil, lifting a heavy box, or moving the controls on a machine). For the
overwhelming majority of work, however, there is a common denominator from
which work can be studied, the displacement of objects. All basic units of work are
organized for the purpose of accomplishing some useful result by simply moving
objects. That is what work is. MOST is a system to measure work; therefore, MOST
concentrates on the movement of objects. Efficient, smooth, productive work is
performed when the basic motion patterns are tactically arranged and smoothly
choreographed commonly known as methods engineering. It was noticed that the
movement of objects follows certain consistently repeating patterns, such as reach,
grasp, move, and position the object. These patterns were identified and arranged as a
sequence of events (or sub activities) followed in moving an object. A model of this
sequence is made and acts as a standard guide in analyzing the movement of an
object. In other words, to move an object, a standard sequence of events occurs.
Consequently, the basic pattern of an objects movement is described by a universal
sequence model instead of random, detailed basic motions. For each type of move,
different sequence models of events occur; therefore a separate MOST activity
sequence model applies. The use of tool is analyzed through a separate activity
sequence model that allows the analyst the opportunity to follow the movement of a
hand tool through a standard sequence event which is a combination of two basic
sequence models. The technique helps in benchmarking the methods and activities
followed in various operations in the industry with world class standards. It eliminates
the subjective performance rating and has a much better acceptance of
workmen/unions because it is totally transparent and easy to demonstrate.
This concept provides the basis for MOST sequence models. The primary
work units are no longer basic motions as in MTM, but fundamental activities dealing
with moving objects. These activities are described in terms of sub activities fixed in
sequence. Therefore, it is a powerful analytical tool that helps to increase productivity,
improve methods, facilitate planning, establish workloads, estimate labor costs,
improve safety and maximize resources.
Thus a MOST work measurement technique is a complete study of an
operation or a sub operation consisting of one or several method steps and
corresponding sequence model, parameter time values and normal time values for the
operation or sub operation. It also includes the Basic, Mini, and Maxi versions; it
makes the measurement of work a practical, efficient, and inexpensive task for
manufacturing industry.
Figure
Evolutionary stages of MOST work measurement technique
Time Study
Motion Study
Time and Motion Study
Most Work
Measurement
Systems
Most Application
Systems
Most Computer
Systems
Basic MOST
Mini MOST
Maxi MOST
Clerical MOST
Source: Zandin, K.B., MOST Work Measurement Systems, H.B. Maynard and
Company Inc, New York: Marcel Dekker, Second Edition, 1980.
MOST Work
Measurement
Most Application
Systems
Most Computer
Systems
Systems
------ Basic MOST (General Operations)
------ Mini MOST (Repetitive Operations)
Source: Zandin, K.B., MOST Work Measurement Systems, H.B. Maynard and
Company Inc, New York: Marcel Dekker, Second Edition, 1980.
Mini MOST, within reach or a few steps with Basic MOST, and more than two steps
with Maxi MOST.
(a) Maxi MOST
At the highest level Maxi MOST is used to analyze operations that are likely
to be performed fewer than 150 times per week. An operation in this category may be
less than 2 minutes to more than several hours in length. Maxi MOST index ranges
accommodate the wide cycle-to-cycle variations that are typical in such work as
setups or heavy assembly. Even at this level, the method descriptions resulting from
Maxi MOST are very practical for instructional purposes.
(b) Basic MOST
At the intermediate level, operations that are likely to be performed more than
150 but less than 1500 times per week should be analyzed with Basic MOST. An
operation in this category may range from a few seconds to 10 minutes in length,
(Operations longer than 10 minutes may be analyzed with Basic MOST, with 0.5-3
minutes being typical cycle time for Basic MOST). The majority of operations in most
industries fall into this category. Basic MOST index ranges readily accommodate the
cycle-to-cycle variations typical at this level. The method descriptions that result from
Basic MOST analyses are sufficiently detailed for use as operator instructions.
Regardless of the cycle length, Mini MOST should also be used to analyze any
operation in which nearly all reach and move distances for an operation are less than
10 inches (25 cm). However, since its focus is on highly repetitive work within reach
of the operator, Mini MOST was not designed for analyzing operations in which the
operator action distances exceed two steps, body motions other than Bend and Arise
occur, or the weight or resistance per hand exceeds 10 pounds (5 kg). Basic MOST
would normally be used to analyze these situations.
(2) MOST Application Systems
MOST Applications assures that MOST work measurement data are obtained
and used in the most efficient and effective manner. This expertise has been applied to
a large variety of work measurement projects leading to reduced resources and
increase the immediate usefulness and long-term integrity of the data. MOST
Application Systems training is usually provided at the beginning of a data
development project.
(3) MOST Computer Systems
MOST Computer Systems can be considered a remarkable development in the
field of industrial engineering. MOST Computer systems is used to convert commonlanguage method descriptions into Completed MOST analyses. It utilizes the power of
computer in the development, application, and maintenance of both small and
extremely large collections of work measurement data.
Basic MOST Method:
The Basic MOST system is the most common and practical work measurement
system used in industries. Since the objects or materials follows General move
sequence model of Basic MOST system is used by the researcher to measure the time
required to perform activities by all the selected respondents in their respective
sections.
Sr.No
Activity
Sequence
Model
General Move A B G A B P A
Controlled
Move
Tool Use
ABGMXIA
AB G AB P _
AB PA
Sub-Activity/ Parameter
A- Action Distance
B- Body Motion
G- Gain Control
P Placement
A- Action Distance
B- Body Motion
G- Gain Control
M - Move Control
X - Process Time
I - Alignment
A- Action Distance
B- Body Motion
G- Gain Control
P - Placement
Blank Space (_) is filled with
below tool use parameter:
F-Fasten
L - Loosen
S - Surface Treatment
M - Measure
R - Record
T Think
Source: Zandin, K.B., MOST Work Measurement Systems, H.B. Maynard and
Company Inc, New York: Marcel Dekker, Second Edition, 1980.
Selection of Basic MOST General Move sequence Model:
If the objects or material displacement follows spatial displacement or
unrestricted path through the air under manual control general move sequence model
is used.
Placement (P) :
This parameter analyzes the material placement, alignment, adjustment with
pressure.
Chart
Phases of Object Movements for Basic MOST general Move Sequence Model
Get
A
PUT
G
Return
P
Chart 4.7
List of Major Companies using MOST
Sr. List of Major Companies using
Sr.
No MOST
No
MOST
Mahindra and Mahindra
1 Areva (Switchgear)
Bharat Forge (Crank
11 (Automobile)
Menon and Menon
2 Shaft/Axles)
12 (Foundry/Machining)
3 Bilt (Paper)
14 Siemens (Electrical)
5 Cummins (Engines)
17 Techumseh (Compressors)
8 Honda (Automobile)
9 IPCA (Pharmaceutical)
19 Whirlpool (Refrigerators)
10 JCB (Excavators)
Source: www.hbmayanrd.com
Reference
1. Niebel, B. W, Motion and Time Study, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood,
Illinois, 1962.
2. International Labour Organisation (ILO), Introduction to Work Study, Universal
Publishing Corp., India. , Third Revised Edition, 1986.
3. Meyers, 2002, in Time Study Method Implementation in Manufacturing Industry, A
B.E Report, Universiti Technikal Malaysia, Melaka, 2008, PP. 6.
4. Russell, R.R., Taylor, B.W., Operations Management: Quality and
Competitiveness in a Global Environment, 5th Edition, J. Wiley, New York, 2005.
5. Nakayama, S., A study on setting standard time using work achievement quotient,
International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 40, No. 15, 2002, PP 3945-53.
6. Izetbegovic, J., Proucavanje Graditeljske Proizvodnje, Elektronicki
Udzbenik, Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2007.
7a. Zandin, K.B., MOST Work Measurement Systems, H.B. Maynard and
Company Inc, New York: Marcel Dekker, Second Edition, 1980.
7b. Malik, M.R., Improve the productivity using MOST, A B.E project Report,
VJTI, Mumbai, 2004.
7c. Sanjay Kumar, Optimization of Resources in Service as well as manufacturing industries,
Ph.D. thesis, University of Mumbai, 2010.
83 | P a g e
FINDINGS
Data analysis and interpretation was undertaken by researcher In chapter 6,
data was interpreted and analysed regarding labour productivity through
application of stop watch time study method in SIEMENS INDUSTRIES
The objective of
chapter 6 were:
i)To assess and understand the believeness of SIEMENS INDUSTRIES labour
respondents on Stop watch time study method as a time measurement technique.
ii)To assess and know the awareness of SAIPL labor on Stop watch time
study, methods of Stop watch time study, training and training received on
Stop watch time study method.
Iii ) To present and understand the adopted and applied procedure of Stop watch
time
study method.
Iv ) To measure and study labour produc tivity (i.e.
labour) by application of Stop watch time study method, and
time
taken
by
V ) To study and examine the social and technical barriers associated with
application of Stop watch time study method. The chapter is based on primary
as well as secondary data, which was collected through observations,
interview, discussion and questionnaire. The survey and personal contact,
telephone/ mobile, email etc was used to collect information. Observation
time, normal time, standard time and allowances etc calculated and time taken by
labour to perform activity was finally used for analysis and interpretation
purpose.15, 5 and 5 labour respondents were selected from unloading
(random method), trolley filling and catwalk section (purposefully), percentage,
ratio, standard time, comparative approach etc. were used as statistical tools and
techniques for data analysis and interpretation. For measuring the work using
time study, the researcher has used (a) digital stop watch ( 6.7) (b) Time study
observation board
(c) Time study observation sheet and other equipment such as pen, pencil,
eraser and scientific calculator. Findings are summarized on the basis of study on
84 | P a g e
respondents
wanted
to
be
more
demonstrative
and
practical
86 | P a g e
CONCLUSIONS
There are two levels of value arising from snapshots of Production
operations.
First, any Production organisation can explore its own operational
system, test new ideas, and provide objective assessments of
ideas suggested to improve productivity.
Second, the broader community can use a written report of the
snapshot to review its own operational systems without having to
redo the entire study from scratch.
These potential benefits have been underestimated and even
ignored by the demining community, where it is routine for
organisations to operate in isolation. More relevant is that much
testing is done, but is rarely reported. If the test fails, then it
assumed that nobody else will be interested. If the test succeeds,
the skills and time for writing a proper report are often not
available. The reality is that a community of exchange can only
benefit all parties. Tests that produced a negative result can be
just as valuable as successful tests. Unfortunately, there is a
tendency to treat a negative result as a failed test. But if the test
was properly conducted, it did not fail, and it will be interesting to
others. New ideas are sometimes implemented without proper
testing. Worse, is the possibility that new ideas are not
implemented at all because no mechanism is in place for
considering them properly. Time-and-motion studies provide that
mechanism. It takes time to do a good T&M study, but the
87 | P a g e
SUGGESTIONS:
88 | P a g e