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Transfer Function - by Analogy
Transfer Function - by Analogy
Transfer Function - by Analogy
TRANSFORMATION
Up until now we have been obtaining transfer function using Block
Diagram and Reduction method. However, another simple way to obtain
the transfer function of a system is by using Laplace Transformation
property.
From the definition of Transfer Function itself:
Ratio of Laplace transform of the output to the Laplace transform of the input
under all initial condition are set to zero.
Then the
d n y
L n s nY (s )
dt
Therefore:
G (s)
Loutput
y (t ) Y ( s )
L
x(t ) X ( s)
Linput
Example :
Find the transfer function G(s) for the following differential equations if the
input is u(t) and output is y(t).
d 2 y (t )
dy (t )
du (t )
4
5
y
4u (t )
2
dt
dt
dt
Solution :
4 s 2Y ( s ) 8sY ( s ) 5sY ( s ) sU ( s ) 4U ( s )
Y ( s ) 4 s 2 8s 5 s 4U ( s )
G (s)
Y ( s)
s4
2
U ( s ) 4 s 8s 5
Z (s)
V s
I s
As an example :
Show that the transfer function G(s)= V(s)/I(s) of a pure capacitor.
i (t ) C
dv (t )
dt
I ( s ) sCV ( s )
G (s)
V s 1
I s sC
dv (t )
Li (t ) L C
dt
Input : vi (t )
Solution :
Transform the circuit into this circuit
1
Loutput Vc ( s )
s
G (s)
Linput Vi ( s ) 1 1 2 s
s
1
G (s) 2
2s s 1
2
s
I ( s ) Vi ( s )
s
Also Vc I ( s )
s
G (s)
Hence,
I (s)
Vi ( s )
1 2s
Vi ( s )
1
1 s
1 2s
s
Vc ( s )
1
2
Vi ( s ) 2 s s 1
1
s
Example 2:
b. Mass
c. Damper
Z (s)
F (s)
Force
X ( s ) Displaceme nt
Force, Velocity and Displacement translation for spring mass and damper
Example 1 :
X (s)
G
(
s
)
F (s)
f v x kx f (t ) M x
M x f v x kx f (t )
Applying Laplace transform both sides, we obtain
s 2 MX s sf v X s kX s F s
X s s 2 M sf v k F s
G (s)
X s
1
F s Ms 2 f v s k
Transfer Function for mechanical motion that has more than 1 DOF
Rule 1 :
[ Sum of impedance at x1]X1(s) [Sum of impedance between x1 and x2]X2(s)
= [Sum of applied force at x1]
[Sum of impedance between x1 and x2]X1(s)+ [ Sum of impedance at x2 ]X2(s)
= [Sum of applied force at x2]
Example 2:
Solution :
Transformed the system
Sum of impedance at x1
s 2 M 1 sf v1 sf v 2 K1 K 2
s 2 1 2 s 2 s 1 2
s 2 4s 3
2 2s
Sum of applied force at x1
Sum of impedance at x2
F (s )
s 2 M 2 sf v 2 sf v 3 K 2
Put all into Rule 1 to obtain
4 s 3 X 1 ( s ) 2 2 s X 2 s 0
2 2 s X 1 s 2 s 2 4 s 2 X 2 ( s ) F s
Put into Cramers rule
Class Exercise;
Ans :
X 2 s
3s 1
F s s ( s 3 7 s 2 5s 1)