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Rec 5
Rec 5
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U (y = 0) = U cos(t)
Figure 1: Coordinate system for the Rayleigh-Stokes flow
a) Show that the velocity field u
= [u(y, t), 0, 0] satisfies the equation
2u
u
= 2
t
y
r
where
Make the ansatz: u = < f (y)ei t = f (y) cos( t).
Insert into the equation:
if (y)ei t = f 00 (y)eit
1
k=
f 00 (y)
2
r
Introduce k =
i
f (y) = 0
i
=0
=
=
,
2
f (y) 0
as y A = 0
We have
u = < Beyk(1+i) eiwt = < Beky ei(tky) = Beky cos(t ky) = Beky cos(ky t)
Boundary condition at y = 0
At y = 0 we have u = U cos(t) B = U
So we have (see figure 2)
u(y, t) = U e
ky
r
cos(ky t),
where
k=
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
x
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
k
e
= 0.01 k 4.6 4.6
6.5
d) Consider instead the oscillating flow U = U cos(t) over a stationary wall. This will simply result in
a change of the reference frame to one following the plate instead. If we consider the solution to the
previous problem and look at it in this new frame of reference we get
r
ky
u(y, t) = U cos(t) U e
cos(ky t), where k =
.
2
The solution is shown in figure 3.
2
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
1.5
0.5
0
x
0.5
1.5
Example 2
Consider a long hollow cylinder with inner radius r1 and a concentric rod with radius r0 inside it. The rod is
moving axially with velocity U0 .
a) Find the velocity field of a viscous fluid occupying the space between the rod and the cylinder.
Assumptions:
Steady flow:
=0
t
Parallel flow and symmetry:
= 0,
z
u = uz (r)ez ,
=0
u uz
uz
uz
+
+ uz
=0
(u )uz = ur
r
r
z
1
uz
1 2 uz
2 uz
1
uz
2
uz =
r
+ 2
+
=
r
.
r r
r
r 2
z 2
r r
r
We obtain
uz
r
=0.
r
r
Integrate twice
r
Boundary conditions
uz (r0 )
uz (r1 )
uz
=A
r
= U0
= 0
=
=
uz = A ln r + B
A ln r0 + B
A ln r1 + B
3
B = A ln r1
U0 = A(ln r0 ln r1 )
uz (r) =
A=
U0
ln rr10
ln rr1
U0
U0
ln
r
ln
r
=
U
1
0
ln rr01
ln rr01
ln rr10
b) With what force does one have to pull a rod with length L? Neglect end effects.
Shear stress
rz =
uz
U0
=
r
r ln rr10
Force
F = 2r0 Lrz (r0 ) =
2LU0
ln rr01
= 0,
z
w=0
=0
x
Steady flow:
=0
t
Momentum equations:
2
u
u
1 p
u 2u
u
+u
+v
=
+
+ 2
t
x
y
x
x2
y
2
v
v
1 p
v
2v
v
+u
+v
=
+
+ 2
t
x
y
y
x2
y
Normal momentum equation gives
p
=0
y
Boundary conditions:
y=0:
u = 0,
y:
v = V0
u U
Continuity gives
u v
+
=0
x y
v = V0
U
1 p
2 U
=
+
y
x
y 2
p
=0
x
u
2u
= 2
y
y
2u
V u
= 0
2
y
y
Characteristic equation
2 =
V0
1 = 0, 2 =
u(y) = A + BeV0 y/
With the boundary conditions at y = 0 and y = we get
u(y) = U 1 eV0 y/ .
V0