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Metodos de Optimización para La Toma de Decisiones: Tarea 2
Metodos de Optimización para La Toma de Decisiones: Tarea 2
Metodos de Optimización para La Toma de Decisiones: Tarea 2
DECISIONES
TAREA 2
Equipo # 18
CVU 576981
3 de Febrero de 2014
TAREA 2
1. U.S. Labs manufactures mechanical heart valves from the heart valves of pig
s. Different heart
operations require valves of different sizes. U.S. Labs purchases pig valves fr
om three different suppliers. The cost and size mix of the valves purchased fr
om each supplier are given in Table 3. Each month, U.S. Labs places one ord
er with each supplier. At least 500 large, 300 medium, and 300 small valves
must be purchased each month. Because of limited availability of pig valves,
almost 700 valves per month can be purchased from each supplier.
Formulate an LP can be used to minimize the cost of acquiring the needed
valves.
%V1
%V2
%V3
X1
Costo/V
al
$5
0.4
0.4
0.2
X2
$4
0.3
0.35
0.35
X3
$3
0.2
0.2
0.6
500
300
300
VARIABLES
X1 =Nmero
X2 =Nmero
X3 =Nmero
700
700
700
DE DECISION:
de Vlvulas compradas al Proveedor 1
de Vlvulas compradas al Proveedor 2
de Vlvulas compradas al Proveedor 3
RESTRICCIONES:
500 VALVULAS GRANDES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
NO NEGATIVIDAD
REPRESENTACION MATRICIAL
SOLUCION MEDIANTE SOLVER EXCEL:
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
R
6
X1
5
X2
4
X3
3
0,4
0,3
0,2
500 >=
500
0,4
0,35
0,2
535 >=
300
0,2
0,35
0,6
415 >=
300
700 <=
700
700 <=
700
50 <=
700
6450
1
1
1
700
700
50
SOLUCION:
Para minimizar el costo la empresa debe comprar 700 Vlvulas al
Proveedor 1, 700 Vlvulas al Proveedor 2 y 50 Vlvulas al Proveedor 3.
2. Each day, workers at the Gotham City Police Department work two 6hour shi
fts chosen from 12 A.M. to 6 A.M., 6 A.M. to 12 P.M., 12 P.M. to 6 P.M., and 6 P.
M. to 12 A.M. The following number of workers are needed during each shift:
12 A.M. to 6 A.M.15 workers; 6 A.M. to 12 P.M.5 workers; 12 P.M. to 6 P.M.
12 workers; 6 P.M. to 12 A.M.6 workers. Workers whose two shifts are con
secutive are paid $12 per hour; workers whose
shifts are not consecutive are paid $18 per hour. Formulate an LP that can be
used to minimize
the cost of meeting the daily workforce demands of the Gotham City Police D
epartment.
TURNO
1
12am6am
X1
TURNO
2
6am12pm
X1
X2
TURNO
3
12pm6pm
X4
Y1
15
TURNO
4
6pm12am
X2
X3
X3
X4
Y1
Y2
5
Y2
6
12
X1
X2
Turnos Consecutivos
X3
X4
Y1
Turnos
NO
Consecutivos
Y2
TOTAL DE TRABAJADORES
VARIABLES DE DECISION:
Xi = Nmero de Trabajadores que trabajan dos turnos consecutivos en la
posibilidad i (1, 2, 3 y 4)
Yj = Nmero de Trabajadores que trabajan dos turnos NO consecutivos en la
posibilidad j (1 y 2)
FUNCION OBJETIVO: Minimizar costo de mano de obra
RESTRICCIONES:
15 TRABAJADORES TURNO 1
1.
5 TRABAJADORES TURNO 2
2.
12 TRABAJADORES TURNO 3
3.
6 TRABAJADORES TURNO 4
4.
No Negatividad
5.
REPRESENTACION MATRICIAL
X X X X
1 2 3 4
Y Y
1 2
Restriccion 1: 15 Trabajadores En El
Turno 1
Restriccion 2: 5 Trabajadores En El
Turno 2
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
1 0
0 1
Restriccion 3: 12 Trabajadores En El
Turno 3
Restriccion 4: 6 Trabajadores En El
Turno 4
0 1 1 0
0 0 1 1
1 0
0 1
1
5
5
1
2
6
X1 X2 X3 X4 Y1 Y2
14 14 14 14 21 21
4
4
4 4
6
6
RESULTA
DO
3312
1
5
15
12
5
1
2
SOLUCION:
FINALMENTE EN LA NOMINA SE DEBE PAGAR 11 TURNOS DOBLES
(5+0+4+2) Y 8 TURNOS SENCILLOS (8+0)
DISTRUBUIDOS DE LA SIGUIENTE MANERA:
5 TRABAJADORES TURNO CONSECUTIVO ENTRE TURNO 1 Y 2
4 TRABAJADORES TURNO CONSECUTIVO ENTRE TURNO 3 Y 4
2 TRABAJADORES TURNO CONSECUTIVO ENTRE TURNO 4 Y 1
8 TRABAJADORES TURNO NO CONSECUTIVO TURNOS 1 Y 3
3. Sunco Oil has three different processes that can be used to manufacture vari
ous types of gasoline. Each process involves blending oils in the companys c
atalytic cracker. Running process 1 for an hour costs $5 and requires 2 barrel
s of crude oil 1 and 3 barrels of crude oil 2. The output from running process
1 for an hour is 2 barrels of gas 1 and 1 barrel of gas 2. Running process 2 for
an
hour costs $4 and requires 1 barrel of crude 1 and 3 barrels of crude 2. The o
utput from running process 2 for an hour is 3 barrels of gas 2. Running proce
ss 3 for an hour costs $1 and requires 2 barrels of crude 2 and 3 barrels of ga
s 2. The output from running process
3 for an hour is 2 barrels of gas 3. Each week, 200 barrels of crude 1, at $2/b
arrel, and 300 barrels
of crude 2, at $3/barrel, may be purchased. All gas produced can be sold at t
he following per-barrel
prices:
gas
1,
$9; gas 2, $10; gas 3, $24. Formulate an LP whose solution will maximize
revenues less costs. Assume that only 100 hours of time on the catalytic
cracker are available each week
COST
O
($/h)
Proces
o1
Proces
o2
Proces
o3
MATERIA PRIMA
(barriles/h)
Crudo
Crudo
Gas 2
1
2
2
3
0
PRODUCTOS
(barriles/h)
Gas 1
Gas 2
Gas 3
2
VARIABLES DE DECISION:
P1= # de horas que operara reactor en el Proceso 1 (h)
P2= # de horas que operara reactor en el Proceso 2 (h)
P3= # de horas que operara reactor en el Proceso 3 (h)
OBJETIVO: MAXIMIZAR GANANCIAS:
RESTRICCIONES:
Solo se pueden comprar 200 Barriles de Crudo 1
1.
2.
3.
No Negatividad
4.
REPRESENTACION MATRICIAL
P1
2
3
1
P2
1
3
1
P3
0 200
2 300
1 100
P1
P2
P3
23
2
3
1
0
26
1
3
1
100
17
0
2
1
0
RESULTA
DO
2600
100
300
100
SOLUCION:
PARA MAXIMIZAR LAS GANANCIAS SUNCO OIL DEBERIA UTILIZAR EL
REACTOR SOLO PARA PRODUCIR GAS 2, POR MEDIO DE 100 HORAS DEL
PROCESO 2, DE ESTA MANERA OBTENDRIA 2600$ DE GANANCIA
200
300
100
X1
X2
2,5
1,5
10
SOLUCION:
PARA MINIMIZAR LA FUNCION OBJETIVO LOS VALORES DE X1 Y X2
DEBESN SER 0 Y 6 RESPECTIVAMENTE
Bibliografa
Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms, Wayne L. Winston, Thompson
4th Edition