Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Irrigation
Irrigation
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
November 1998
PART EIGHT
LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
PART EIGHT: LANDSCAPING AND IRRIGATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.01.3.18 Hydroseeding....................................................................................13
8.01.3.18.1 General.....................................................................................13
8.01.3.18.2 Quality of Work.........................................................................13
8.01.3.18.3 Inspection of Conditions...........................................................13
8.01.3.18.4 Soil Stabilization and Hydroseeding Materials........................14
8.01.3.18.5 Hydroseeding Equipment.........................................................14
8.01.3.18.6 Hydroseeding Installation and Planting Schedule...................15
8.01.3.19 Sod....................................................................................................16
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE........................................................17
8.01.4.1 After Planting.......................................................................................17
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness..........................................................................................17
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period............................................................................17
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program.........................................................................17
8.01.4.5 Watering..............................................................................................17
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal....................................................18
8.01.4.7 Pruning................................................................................................18
8.01.4.8 Fertilizing.............................................................................................18
8.01.4.9 Plant Replacement..............................................................................18
8.01.4.10 Pest and Disease Control.................................................................19
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes........................................................................................19
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping...............................................................................19
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance...................................................................19
8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS.............20
8.01.5.1 Defects................................................................................................20
8.01.5.2 Manufacturer's Recommendations.....................................................20
8.01.5.3 Storage................................................................................................20
8.01.5.4 Planting Time.......................................................................................20
8.01.5.5 Weather Conditions............................................................................20
8.01.5.6 Planting Outside Specified Conditions...............................................21
8.01.5.7 Notice..................................................................................................21
8.01.5.8 Meaning of Drawings..........................................................................21
8.01.5.9 Planting Designs.................................................................................21
8.01.5.10 "As Planted" Record..........................................................................21
8.01.6 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.................................................................21
8.01.7 PAYMENT...................................................................................................21
SECTION 8.02 IRRIGATION......................................................................................24
8.02.1 SCOPE AND REQUIREMENTS.................................................................24
8.02.1.1 Scope..................................................................................................24
8.02.1.2 Abbreviations.......................................................................................24
8.02.1.3 Shop Drawings and Approval of Equipment.......................................25
8.02.1.4 Record Drawings.................................................................................25
8.02.1.5 Maintenance and Operation...............................................................26
8.02.1.5.1 General.......................................................................................26
8.01.1.5.2 Works..........................................................................................26
8.02.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Literature...............................................27
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES..............................................................27
8.02.2.1 Scope..................................................................................................27
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements.........................................................................27
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate...........................................................27
8.02.2.2.2 Marking.......................................................................................28
8.02.2.2.3 Retests........................................................................................28
8.02.2.3 Handling..............................................................................................28
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories..........................................................29
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes........................................................29
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes............................................29
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes..............................................29
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars...........................................................30
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings..............................................................30
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors........................................................................30
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials........................................................................30
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing................................................................................31
8.02.2.4.9 PVC Ducts..................................................................................32
8.02.2.5 Valves..................................................................................................33
8.02.2.5.1 General.......................................................................................33
8.02.2.5.2 Gate Valves.................................................................................34
8.02.2.5.3 Butterfly Valves...........................................................................34
8.02.2.5.4 Globe Valves...............................................................................34
8.02.2.5.5 Silent Check Valves....................................................................34
8.02.2.5.6 Remote Control Valves (RCV)....................................................35
8.02.2.5.7 Pressure Reducing Valves.........................................................35
8.02.2.5.8 Remote Controlled Pressure Reducing Valves (RCPRV)..........36
8.02.2.5.9 Pressure Relief Check Valves (Pump Control Valves)...............36
8.02.2.5.10 Air Valves.................................................................................37
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks..................................................................................37
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials......................................................................38
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes......................................................................38
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes..................................................................38
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories.....................................................................38
8.02.2.5.16 Workmanship............................................................................39
8.02.2.5.17 Installation.................................................................................40
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection.........................................................................40
8.02.2.6 Irrigators..............................................................................................41
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers....................................................41
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray)................................41
8.02.2.6.3 Bubblers......................................................................................42
8.02.2.6.4 Hose Bibs....................................................................................42
8.02.2.6.5 Drip Emitters and Tubing............................................................42
8.02.2.6.6 Polyethylene Tubing and Fittings...............................................42
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters.......................................................................................43
8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements.................................................................43
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks..................................................................................43
8.02.2.7.2 Pipe Laying and Jointing............................................................47
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT................................................................................49
8.02.3.1 Scope..................................................................................................49
8.02.3.2 Labels, Tags and Charts.....................................................................50
8.02.3.3 Workmanship Generally......................................................................50
8.02.3.4 Equipment and Materials Generally...................................................51
8.02.3.5 Spares.................................................................................................52
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units.....................................................................................52
8.02.3.6.1 General.......................................................................................52
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit...........................................54
equipment,
The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of all items purchased and shall
submit a Supplier Quality inspection plan for review. The inspection plan shall cover
those items intended for shop inspection and the procedures for carrying out the
same.
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8.01.1.3 Rubbish. All rubbish and litter as it accumulates within the landscape
boundary, shall be cleared and carted away daily. The areas shall be kept in a
clean and tidy condition with all driveways, paths, edges, curbs, gutters, and gullies
swept and kept clear of debris at all times. All rubbish and debris shall be carted
away to a dump as directed by the Engineer.
8.01.1.4 Oil and Petrol Storage. All oil and petrol containers are to be kept in
suitable sheds provided by the Contractor, who is to observe all regulations
regarding the storage of inflammable liquid. If any areas of soil are affected by oil or
petrol spillage, the contaminated soil is to be dug up until uncontaminated ground is
reached, and carted away and such areas made good as directed by the Engineer,
all at the Contractor's expense.
8.01.1.5 Approved Chemicals. Only chemicals approved by the Ministry of
Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be used. All chemicals shall be nontoxic to human beings, birds and animals and subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
The Contractor shall be liable for ensuring that all chemicals are stored, handled
and supplied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
8.01.1.6 Season. All work shall be carried out during the appropriate season
and in weather conditions suitable for the operation. In particular, planting shall not
be carried out before October or after March without the specific approval of the
Engineer.
8.01.1.7 Work by Machine or by Hand. All operations may be executed by
suitable approved machines or by hand. Any work in confined spaces, around
existing trees or in the vicinity of major utility services must be executed by hand
and the Contractor shall include for this in his rates.
8.01.1.8 Existing Plants. No existing trees, shrubs or other plants shall be
removed without instructions from the Engineer. The Contractor shall take all
measures to protect all plants from malicious or accidental damage during the
execution of his work. He shall ensure that no branches are lopped and no tree
roots exceeding fifty (50) millimeters in diameter are severed from growing trees
except for pruning and training operations approved by the Engineer.
No soil, spoil, construction material or rubbish shall be stored, or deposited within
three (3) meters of existing trees, shrubs or hedges. No bonfires shall be lit within
the landscape contract boundaries.
Any damage that may be incurred shall be made good by the Contractor at his
own expense.
8.1.1.9 Storage. All materials to be used in the landscape contract and stored
at the Contractor's yard shall be kept covered and protected. In particular any
plants held for planting shall be kept in a special compound, sheltered from the
direct sun and drying winds and watered regularly.
8.01.2 SOFT LANDSCAPE: MATERIALS
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Electro-Conductivity:
(EC x 103)
Free Carbonates:
Less than 0.5 percent air-dried soil
Chlorides:
Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Sulphates:
Less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
Nitrates
Less than 75 ppm in saturation extract.
Phosphorus
10-25 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate
extract: 0.5 hour shake.
Potassium
100-400 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate
extract: 0.5 hour shake.
Magnesium
25-100 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate
extract: 0.5 hour shake.
Exchangeable Sodium:
Less than fifteen percent (15%) in
neutral normal ammonium acetate
Boron:
Less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble
Physical Characteristics:
Sandy loam made up as follows:
Sand 2 mm - 0.05 mm: 45-65%
Silt 0.05 - 0.002 mm:
20-40%
Clay less than 0.002 mm: 5-15%
In case naturally occurring agricultural soil to the above physical
characteristics is not available, the Contractor is allowed to mix soil constituents to
achieve the above required characteristics.
Agricultural soil shall be stored in heaps less than one (1) meter height. Soil
heaps shall be protected from undue compaction and no construction material or
waste shall be stored on or mixed in with the soil.
Approval shall be obtained of a sample load of agricultural soil of not less than
five (5) cubic meters (5m3). This sample shall be retained for comparison with
subsequent loads.
8.01.2.1.4 Peat Humus.
Peat Humus shall be natural peat consisting of sedge, sphagnum or reed peat
and of such a physical condition that it will pass through a twelve (12) millimeter
screen. The humus shall be free from sticks, stones, roots or other objectionable
matter. It shall have an acidity range from pH four (4) to seven and one-half (7.5)
and the minimum organic content shall be eighty-five percent (85%) on a dry weight
basis. Peat humus shall be delivered in undamaged commercial bales in an air-dry
condition.
8.01.2.1.5 Fertilizers.
Inorganic fertilizers shall be applied to the irrigation water by the fertilizer
injection equipment. Fertilizers shall be approved soluble NPK fertilizers in the ratio
twenty:twenty:twenty (20:20:20) applied at a dilution rate of one (1) kilogram of
fertilizer to one thousand (1000) liters of water.
Alternative dilutions of soluble fertilizer or other fertilizer types and composition
may be used subject to the approval of the Engineer.
8.01.2.2 Planting Medium. The planting medium shall consist of agricultural soil
plus soil fertilizers as specified, and shall be placed in accordance with the tree and
shrub planting Special Specifications.
8.01.2.3 Plants.
8.01.2.3.1 General Conditions.
Ground covers and vines, planting stock and trees shall be obtained from a
source with soil and climatic conditions similar to those prevailing on the site. All
species shall be adequately and carefully packed and protected against mechanical
damage, extremes of temperature and drying out. If required by the Engineer a
certificate stating that plants comply with this specification shall be provided.
8.01.2.3.2 Substitutes.
The tender must be based on the plants specified in the Contract Documents.
If specified plants are unobtainable, alternatives may be submitted with the Tender,
stating price and how they differ from the Specification. Such substitutions may not
be acceptable and submission of further alternatives may be required. Before
making substitution, approval must be obtained.
8.01.2.3.3 Nomenclature.
Nomenclature of trees and plants shall conform the scientific names given in:
I. Royal Horticultural Society, Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford University Press
1974, and Supplement, 1969.
2. I.B.N. - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.
3. Post, George E., Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, American University of
Beirut, 1932.
Alternatives names can be checked in these references. All plants must agree
with the botanical descriptions in these references. Post is the authority only for
plants which are not listed in the RHS Dictionary or I.B.N. Code.
Appendix "1" attached shows the names of the most popular trees, shrubs, ground
covers and succulents widely planted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
other substitutes of the same size. The shrubs are to be of good form, and their
structure and habit of growth typical of species or variety.
Ground cover species shall be well rooted, and of not less than one (1) year's
full growth and a minimum length of four hundred (400) millimeters.
Climbing plants shall have a minimum length of seven hundred fifty (750)
millimeters. The growth shall be symmetrical and balanced. They should have
been grown in one (1) kilogram containers and shall be of at least one (1) year's
growth.
Grass seed shall comprise of the following mixture of species:
Cydomon dactylon:
Roa annua:
ground anchor shall be one thousand (1000) meters long and shall be given in flush
to the ground. The rods shall be at forty-five degrees (45 o) to the ground surface.
8.01.2.5 Irrigation Water. Water shall be provided by the Contractor from offsite sources approved by the Engineer as being suitable for irrigation, free from
substances harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not exceed the following
parameters:
pH: 6.7
Total dissolved solids:
The Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports from an
independent testing laboratory approved by the Engineer. These water quality test
reports shall show evidence that the water to be utilized meets with the water quality
criteria established above. Water quality reports shall be submitted:
- Two (2) weeks prior to the beginning of the first watering/irrigation operations
- Once per month throughout the maintenance period.
8.01.2.6 Hydroseeding Materials.
8.01.2.6.1
acceptable:
Soil Stabilizer.
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8.01.3.7 Planting Palms. All suckers, flowering and fruiting parts and
approximately thirty percent (30%) of fronds shall be removed from the palms before
digging with sufficient fronds left to enclose and protect the growing bud. The
remaining fronds shall be trimmed to sixty-five percent (65%) of their original length,
lifted to surround the growing bud, burlap wrapped, securely tied in position.
Special attention is required to protect palm roots from being bruised during digging
and burlapping. Palms shall be planted according to specifications for trees above.
8.01.3.8 Supporting Palms. Palms are to be supported as shown on the detail
drawing and in accordance with either method described in Subparagraph
8.01.2.4.2 "Stakes for Palms."
8.01.3.9 Shrub, Ground Cover and Creeper Planting Medium. Planting
medium for shrub, ground cover and creeper shall consist of approved agricultural
soil as specified well mixed with fertilizers at the rate of twenty (20) grams P 2O5,
twenty (20) grams K2O, twenty (20) grams N and two (2) kilograms of fermented
animal manure approved by the Engineer per plant.
8.01.3.10 Planting Shrubs, Ground Cover and Creepers. All weeds and
rubbish shall be removed from planting areas. Before planting, all non-perishable
containers shall be removed and all badly damaged roots pruned.
All shrubs shall be planted upright and well balanced with the best side to the
front and at a density as specified on the Drawings. Planting medium shall be
carefully packed around evenly spread roots or rootball in one hundred fifty (150)
millimeter layers and well heeled in. The finished level shall be at the original soil
mark on the shrubs. All shrubs irrigated by spray heads shall be surrounded by a
water-holding depression one hundred fifty (150) millimeters deep by six hundred
(600) millimeters minimum in diameter.
Climbers shall have their leading growths trained around the supporting wire
mesh if specified.
Immediately after planting, (1.) carefully cut back any damaged, dead or diseased
branches, remove weak or malformed growth and treat with tree wound dressing
and (2.) water thoroughly, using a fine hose and (3.) spray with anti-desiccant (not
during rainy weather).
8.01.3.11 Climber Mesh Embankments & Interchanges. Wherever required,
supply and fix Polyethylene mesh to interchange embankments and outer median
embankments steeper than 1V:2H. The mesh shall be green and shall be secured
with Steel Pins, to the manufacturer's specifications, driven into the embankment at
six hundred (600) millimeter vertical spacings and one (1.0) meter horizontal
spacings. The top edge shall be secured with pins at five hundred (500) millimeter
horizontal spacings. The base shall be buried in a trench four hundred fifty (450)
millimeters by four hundred fifty (450) millimeters deep. The Contractor shall allow
for all necessary excavation and backfilling.
8.01.3.12 Pruning. Immediately after planting, all plants are to be pruned as
directed by the Engineer and in accordance with accepted horticultural practices.
Pruning shall consist of carefully cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased
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branches; the removal of any weak or malformed growth, with the aim of forming
each type of stock to the standard shape for its species. All pruning cuts greater
than nineteen (19) millimeters shall be treated with an approved tree wound
dressing.
8.01.3.13 Mulch. Gravel mulch shall be laid sequentially with the plant material
and to a thickness of fifty (50) millimeters. Gravel mulch shall consist of washed
gravel that is free from dirt, organic matter, clays, clay film or other deleterious
matter. Grading shall be eighteen (18) to twenty-five (25) millimeters diameter.
Gravel mulch shall be kept away from all drain inlets, pedestrian and vehicular
surfaces.
Rock mulch used to stabilize the large open areas and planting beds shall be
crushed stone or gravel, clean and free from sand, clay, dirt, organic matter or other
deleterious matter. Grading shall be twenty-five (25) to fifty (50) millimeters
diameter.
8.01.3.14 Watering. The Contractor shall ensure that sufficient water is applied
to maintain healthy growth of all trees and plants. All plants shall be watered
immediately after planting. If an irrigation system is required, water may be
obtained from such facility. When an irrigation system is not required, the
Contractor shall make his own arrangements for furnishing and applying water and
shall be responsible for all costs involved.
Water shall be applied in a moderate stream until the backfill soil throughout the
depth of each plant is saturated. Where watering is done with a hose, a pressure
reducing device approved by the Engineer shall be used. Under no circumstances
shall the full force of the water from the open end of a hose be allowed to fall within
the basin around any plant.
8.01.3.15 Protection. Newly planted trees and plants shall be protected where
necessary until plants are established. Any damage to planting shall be made good
and the ground reinstated if disturbed, at the Contractor's expense.
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2. Spot Sod. Sod is to be placed in blocks. The blocks shall be rolled or tamped
into the soil until the sod surfaces are slightly below the surrounding ground
surface. The sod shall be watered when placing and kept moist for a minimum of
ten (10) days. Erosion shall be avoided when watering.
The Contractor shall erect warning signs and barriers to protect newly sodded
areas. Wheeled vehicles shall not be allowed on newly sodded areas.
Sodded areas shall be mowed and sodded areas that are damaged or fail to
show a uniform growth of grass shall be repaired or replaced. Sodded areas shall
be maintained until final acceptance of the project.
8.01.4 COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE. This item shall be read in conjunction
with the General Requirements for Maintenance of Irrigation and Landscaping in the
attached Appendix "2".
8.01.4.1 After Planting. All soils areas shall be forked and/or raked to a fine tilth
with approved cambers and no hollows.
8.01.4.2 Cleanliness. Soil and rubbish shall be removed from hard surfaces and
the works left in a clean and tidy condition.
8.01.4.3 Maintenance Period. The Contractor shall be responsible for the
maintenance of the planted areas, their irrigation and all operations necessary to
keep the plants in a healthy condition for a period of two (2) years following the
satisfactory completion of landscaping.
The maintenance shall include, but not be limited to watering, watering, weeding,
pruning, mowing, fertilizing, removing rubbish, replacing plants, applying approved
chemicals to counter insect attack, disease and weeds and any other horticultural
operations recognized as necessary for the proper growth of plants and for keeping
the contract area neat in appearance.
8.01.4.4 Maintenance Program. Visits shall be made at approximately daily
intervals during the growing season and as necessary to fulfill the requirement of
the Contract. The Contractor shall keep accurate records as to the operations
conducted and keep such records available for inspection by the Engineer.
8.01.4.5 Watering. Irrigation should be conducted regularly. Irrigation duration
should be scheduled to provide sufficient water for plants' growth based on the
monthly plant water requirement. Once per month throughout the maintenance
period, the Contractor shall supply certified laboratory water quality test reports as
mentioned in Paragraph 8.01.2.5 "Irrigation Water" in these General Specifications.
8.01.4.6 Weed Control and Debris Removal. Weed and debris removal from
an area of two (2) meter diameter around each tree and one (1) meter diameter
around each ground cover or shrub shall be routinely performed by the Contractor.
Grass and weeds shall not be allowed to reach a height of fifty (50) millimeters (two
(2) inches) in any tree basin or around any plant before being completely removed,
including root growth.
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to their anticipated use. Spraying with pesticides and fungicides shall be performed
as required to control pests and disease and as approved by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall maintain a supply of recognized and approved horticultural
chemicals in sufficient quantities to combat recurring pests and/or disease
infestation that might occur during the length of the contract.
The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations in handling and
storage of chemicals. Certain chemicals such as potassium nitrate must be
separated from other chemicals. The ventilated storage area of the Contractor's
chemicals must be locked when not in use and toxic hazard notices shall be posted
in both Arabic and English, and suitable protective clothing and washing facilities
shall be furnished by the Contractor, together with first aid equipment immediately
adjacent to the storage area. The Contractor shall conduct training sessions in first
aid and site safety, in English and Arabic, ensuring staff awareness to any
precautionary measures that may be required for handling chemicals.
All equipment should be surface sterilized with methylated spirits after use on the
plants which are known, or suspected to be diseased. All diseased wood, fungi,
pruning, etc. to be disposed of after removal from diseased plants. The Contractor's
methods and location of disposal shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer
prior to initiating the work.
8.01.4.11 Tree Stakes. The condition of all stakes, ties and guards shall be
checked and any broken or missing items replaced. Ties shall be adjusted to
prevent bark from being rubbed. Any damaged bark shall be cut back and treated
with tree wound dressing.
8.01.4.12 Burlap Wrapping. Wrapping shall be removed from the palm growing
buds when the turgor in the bud has been completely restored.
8.01.4.13 Grass Area Maintenance. The Contractor shall perform all required
soil tests, mowing, trimming, irrigation, aeration, thatching, top dressing, and
fertilization at frequencies required to maintain a healthy vigorous turf with a well
kept appearance. The Contractor will overseed with rye grasses in areas approved
by the Engineer to maintain a vigorous green color during winter months. The
Contractor shall continuously reseed thin or dead areas and top dress lawn areas
as required during the maintenance period.
8.01.5 GENERAL INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS.
8.01.5.1 Defects. Any trees, shrubs or plants which are dead, dying or otherwise
defective at substantial completion of the Works or six (6) weeks after first leafing
out, whichever is later, shall be regarded as defects due to materials or
workmanship not in accordance with the Contract. These must be replaced by
approved equivalent trees, shrubs or plants unless otherwise instructed or unless
defects are caused by malicious damage after substantial completion.
At the end of the maintenance period, all planted areas shall be free from weeds,
trash, debris, and shall appear neat and clean. All plants shall be in good growing
condition and shall be pruned, as directed by the Engineer, to present a well shaped
and natural appearance. After pruning, all remaining wood shall be alive. All cut
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PAY ITEM
PAY UNIT
80101
Unit
80102
Unit
80103
Trees, Casuarina
Unit
80104
Unit
80105
Unit
80106
Unit
80107
Unit
80108
Unit
80109
Unit
80110
Unit
80111
Unit
80112
Unit
80113
Trees, (Type)
Unit
80120
Unit
80121
Palms, (Type)
Unit
80125
Unit
80126
Unit
80127
Unit
80128
Unit
80129
Unit
80130
Unit
80131
Unit
22
80132
Unit
80133
Unit
80134
Shrubs, (Type)
Unit
80140
Creepers, (Type)
Unit
80145
Unit
80146
Unit
80147
Unit
80148
Unit
80149
Unit
80155
Unit
80156
Unit
80157
Succulents, Opuntia
Unit
80158
Unit
80159
Succulents, (Type)
Unit
80165
Unit
80170
Grass, Bermuda
Square Meter
80171
Square Meter
80172
Grass, (Type)
Square Meter
80175
Square Meter
80176
Square Meter
80180
Square Meter
80181
Square Meter
80185
Square Meter
80186
Sod
Square Meter
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for all equipment supplied under the Contract. The manuals for all equipment
supplied under the Contract. The manuals shall be A4 size bound in loose leaf
binders or booklets suitably enclosed and shall include the following in Arabic and
English languages:
1. Single line diagrams of the complete electrical installations.
2. Control, projection and circuit diagrams for all equipment.
3. Setting up, commissioning and operating instructions.
4. Trouble shooting procedures.
5. Maintenance instruction including schedules for preventative maintenance,
recommended lubricants and equivalents.
6. The manufacturers catalogues and spare parts numbers of all permanent
works together with a recommended spares list.
7. A description of the regular maintenance activities and the proper operating
methods of the system in both the Arabic and English languages.
8. Name of Manufacturers' local or nearest authorized representative(s) and
service agent(s).
8.02.2 PIPING AND APPURTENANCES
8.02.2.1 Scope. PIPING AND APPURTENANCES cover all pipes, fittings valves,
irrigation equipment and accessories relevant to the irrigation network and also the
Pumping Stations and Water Tanks.
8.02.2.2 Special Requirements. Notwithstanding the specific standards relevant
to every pipe material, the following general requirements shall apply to all pipe
materials:
8.02.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Certificate.
Every shipment shall be accompanied by an original statement from the
manufacturer certifying that the products have been subject to the tests specified in
the relevant standards, have been found to meet the requirements thereof and are
manufactured in complete accordance with the specified standards.
Records of all tests carried out at the factory shall be kept and made available
to the Engineer.
27
8.02.2.2.2 Marking.
Products shall have the following marks legibly cast, stamped or indelibly
painted on, as appropriate:
1. Trade name, or manufacturer's name, monogram or identification mark.
2. Relevant standard(s).
3. Nominal diameter and pressure class designation.
4. Length of pipe is shorter than standard length.
5. Angle of bends in degrees.
6. Date of manufacture.
7. Shift of manufacture or lot reference.
8. Material used.
8.02.2.2.3 Retests.
For the purpose of this Specification, the term "batch" shall be deemed to
include products of the same material, size and pressure class only.
The Engineer reserves the right to require additional tests or retests on
selected products and the Contractor shall defray all costs. These tests when
required shall be carried out an independent testing organization approved by the
Engineer through the offices of the Contractor, in accordance with the latest
applicable standards. The samples to be tested shall be selected by the Engineer
with at least one (1) from every batch, and shall be subjected to any or all of the
tests specified in the applicable standards.
If a sample shall fail to pass a given test, two (2) additional samples of the
same batch shall be subjected to the same test. The failure of one (1) of these
additional samples to pass this test shall be cause for rejection of that size,
pressure class and type of manufacture during the same shift as the test samples.
8.02.2.3 Handling. All products shall be delivered to and distributed at the site
by the Contractor. The Contractor shall follow the manufacturer's recommendations
for handling, repairing, laying, jointing, anchoring, testing and other works with due
respect to the following:
1. Loading and unloading shall be carried out by lifting with hoists, using ropes
or slings in order to avoid shock or damage. Fittings shall be loaded and unloaded
individually. Under no circumstances shall such materials be dropped. Pipes
handled on skidways shall not be skidded or rolled against pipes or other materials
already on the ground. No dragging on the ground will be allowed.
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2. Pipes shall be stacked by placing the first layer on level timber. Pipes shall
not rest on sockets or joint faces. Pipes of the same diameter shall be stacked
together with suitable labels, on which shall be entered the stack reference number,
date of dispatch, date of delivery at the Site and the number of pipes. Height of
stack shall be to the manufacturer's instructions. Rubber rings, plastic materials
and any other materials as recommended by the manufacturers, shall be stored in
shaded locations in their original packing.
3. Each pipe shall be unloaded on Site opposite or near the place where it will be
installed.
8.02.2.4 Pipes, Fittings and Accessories. The pressure class of the pipes,
fittings and accessories shall be as indicated in the Specifications that follow unless
otherwise specifically indicated on the Drawings:
8.02.2.4.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes.
Flexibility jointed pipes shall be to BS 4772 Class K9, with NP10 joints, flanged
pipes to BS 4772 Class K12, fittings to BS 4772 K12 except for fittings with
branches which shall be Class K14, and flanges to BS 4504. All flanges shall be
rated at NP25.
Factory protection shall consist of:
Internally: cement mortar lining to BS 4772 Appendix C with sulphate resisting
Portland cement to BS 4027.
Externally: coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1) mil.
8.02.2.4.2 Unplasticised PVC Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 14 Class 5 and SAS 15 unless otherwise indicated on
the Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities. All sizes shown on the Drawing and the
Bill of Quantities are for nominal internal diameter.
Fittings shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
Joints shall be injection molded to SAS 14.
8.02.2.4.3 Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipes.
Pipes shall be to SAS 5 and SAS 6 Class 18 manufactured with sulphate
resistance cement conforming to BS 4027.
Ductile iron fittings to BS 4772, protected internally with cement mortar and
externally with bitumen shall be used with asbestos cement pipes.
End
combinations shall be as shown on the Drawings. Spigot or plain ended fittings
shall have their ends shaped to suit specified asbestos cement joints.
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Joints between pipes and between pipes and fittings shall be of the sleeve type
utilizing gasket retaining grooved asbestos cement couplings. Rubber sealing rings
shall be to BS 2494.
8.02.2.4.4 Steel Tubes and Tubulars.
Tubes shall be to BS 1387 Medium Class with screwed joints to BS 21.
Factory protection shall consist of dipping in molten zinc containing not less than
ninety-eight and one-half percent (98.5%) by weight of zinc at a temperature
suitable to produce a complete and uniform adherent coating.
8.02.2.4.5 Flexible Pipe Couplings.
Flexible couplings are to be of the correct type and class recommended by the
manufacturer for the specific pipe material and pressure. They must be fixed
exactly in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Factory protection
shall consist of external and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one
(1) mil.
Flexible pipe couplings shall be of the straight type to connect two (2) plain
ended pipes of the same outside diameter or of the stepped type for large
diametrical differences. Coupling is to be with center register. Material shall be
malleable iron to BS 300 Grade 20/10 or rolled steel to BS 970-060 A12. Bolts to
BS 90-EN3A. Rubber rings to BS 2494.
Allowable angular deflection shall not be less than six degrees (6 o) for sizes up
to six hundred (600) millimeters diameter.
8.02.2.4.6 Flanged Adaptors.
Material shall be cast iron body to BS 1452 grade 14 or mild steel plate to BS
4360 - 4SA and malleable cast iron flanges to BS 310 grade 20/10 or rolled steel to
BS 970-060 A12. Bolts to BS 970-EN3A. Rubber rings to BS 2494.
Length of adaptor shall be two hundred (200) millimeters for diameters up to
one hundred fifty (150) millimeters, two hundred fifty (250) millimeters for diameters
between two hundred (200) and three hundred (300) millimeters and as approved
for diameters larger than three hundred (300) millimeters. Factory protection shall
consist of external and internal coating with bitumen to BS 3416, thickness one (1)
mil.
8.02.2.4.7 Jointing Materials.
1. Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeter thick joint rings to
BS 2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
2. Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494.
manufacturer's recommendations to suit type of joint.
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Dimensions shall be to
3. Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190 minimum
tensile strength four hundred thirty-three (433) MN per square meter, maximum
elongation seventeen percent (17%). After fixing, bolt projection shall be maximum
six (6) millimeters, minimum three (3) millimeters.
4. Washers shall be black steel conforming to BS 4320.
8.02.2.4.8 Field Testing.
1. General.
The Contractor shall provide pumping equipment, pressure gauges,
instruments and water needed for hydrostatic field testing. Tests shall be carried out
in the presence of the Engineer's representative.
Fittings and joints shall be permanently anchored before testing and left
exposed for checking. All pipework is to be cleaned and swabbed, prior to field
testing, to remove any material that may have collected during installation.
Pipelines shall be partially backfilled before testing.
Each section shall be limited to five hundred (500) millimeters or the length
between valve positions, whichever is shorter. No testing shall be carried out
against a closed valve.
Ends of test sections shall be securely plugged and strutted.
Ends of risers shall be plugged and all air purged.
No testing shall be carried out against or through the pressure reducing valves.
The setting of the pressure reducing valves shall not be changed for testing
purposes. Pressures shall be applied by manually operated or motor driven test
pumps approved by the Engineer.
Exposed joints shall be examined for visible leaks and appropriately repaired
where necessary. Should a test fail, leaks shall be located and defective pipes or
joints made good or replaced and the pipeline retested.
Test records shall be kept in an approved form, and the original copy shall be
handed over to the Engineer immediately after completion of each test.
2. Hydrostatic Test.
The pipeline shall be filled slowly with water from the lowest point. After filling
with water, absorbent pipes shall be allowed to stand for at least twenty-four (24)
hours before testing to allow complete absorption.
Entrapped air shall be bled before pressurizing. Pressurizing is to continue
until the specified test pressure is reached in the lowest part of the section under
test. Further quantities of entrapped air shall be bled while pressure is being
raised.
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1. Valves shall be rated at sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm 2)
(NP 16).
2. Size fifty (50) millimeter (2 inch) and smaller shall have screwed ends to BS
21.
3. Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (2 inch) and larger shall have flanged end
connections to BS 4504 - NP 16.
4. The construction of the valve shall allow for complete servicing without
removing the valve body from the line.
5. Factory protection of cast iron valves shall consist of an initial coat of
protective paint applied immediately after shot blasting and a second coat on
assembly.
6. For cast iron valves that will be installed exposed indoors the protective
coating shall consist of two (2) coats of zinc primer. Two (2) coats of oil paint shall
be applied one (1) before and one (1) after assembly. For cast iron valves that will
be directly buried or installed inside valve chambers, the protective coating shall
consist of two (2) coats of cold applied coat tar based primer. Two (2) coats hot
applied coat tar based coating shall be applied after assembly.
7. After testing, each valve shall be drained, cleaned and closed. Valves shall
be prepared for dispatch in such a way as to prevent the possibility of damage to
inside or outside parts during transit. All machined parts shall be protected against
rusting by painting or by other approved means.
8. For all underground valves the Contractor shall provide a valve support, the
necessary ductile iron flanged/spigot pipes for connecting to pipes and all
necessary fittings, tapers, flanged adaptors, bolts, nuts, gaskets, etc., for a complete
valve installation as shown on the Drawings.
9. The valve box shall be constructed in accordance with the Drawings.
10. Valve markers shall bear suitable identification marking in accordance with
details given on the Drawings or as instructed.
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Air valves shall be isolated from the mainline with a brass or gunmetal male
screwed stop valve.
2. Combination air valves shall be used for relieving air under vacuum or
pressure and in bulk and shall consist of a large orifice to release or admit air during
charging or emptying of mains and of a small orifice to release air accumulated at
summits of mains under pressure. The large orifice area shall be equal to or greater
than inlet of valve. Each combination air valve shall be fitted with nitrile rubber lined
butterfly valve with nylon coated disc on stainless steel shaft operated by lever
handle with indicator and locking thumb screw.
3. Air and Vacuum Valves.
Type I (large orifice) shall be used for releasing or admitting air during filling or
emptying of pipes.
Type II (small orifice) shall be used for automatically releasing, under pressure,
accumulated air at summits of mains and where necessary at gradient changes.
8.02.2.5.11 Penstocks.
Penstocks shall be of sluice gate type to AWWA C501 non-rising stem having a
faced back, studded for connecting to the discharge pipe flange and suitable for onseating pressure with conventional closure and circular aperture. The stem shall be
a continuous single piece - no couplings will be allowed.
Unless otherwise specified on the Drawings, any of the materials listed in
Section 2 of the AWWA Standard may be used in manufacture except that materials
identified as being subject to dezincification or dealumination are not to be used.
Sluice gates are to be operated by a handwheel without gears. Maximum
operating head from surface of water to centerline of gate will not exceed ten (10)
millimeters.
A leakage test, meeting the requirements of Section 6.3 of the AWWA
Standard, is to be carried out at the factory on all sluice gates and test certificates
and results shall be supplied in triplicate.
Surfaces of castings shall be factory protected as specified for cast iron valves.
8.02.2.5.12 Jointing Materials.
Gaskets shall be elastomeric full face three (3) millimeters thick joint rings to
BS 2494 with dimensions to BS 3063.
Rings shall be elastomeric to BS 2494. Dimensions as per manufacturer's
recommendation to suit type of joint required.
Bolts and nuts shall be ISO metric black hexagon to BS 4190, minimum tensile
strength 433 KN per square meter maximum elongation seventeen percent (17%).
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After fixing bolt projection is to be maximum six millimeters, minimum three (3)
millimeters.
Washers shall be black steel to BS 4320.
8.02.2.5.13 GRP Valve Boxes. GRP valve boxes are to be designed to suit
the site conditions and loadings.
The glass reinforced plastic is to be manufactured from E-glass type fibers and
thermosetting resin and is to incorporate a corrosion resistant liner. The glass fibers
are to be compatible with the resins used. The liner is to comprise an inner face
being a smooth hard suitably reinforced resin rich layer. The exterior surface of the
valve box is to be resin rich.
The inside surface of each valve box is to be hard, durable, free of tackiness
and free of bulges, dents, ridges or other defects that result in a variation of inside
dimensions of more than three (3) millimeters from that obtained in adjacent
unaffected portions of the surface.
No glass fiber reinforcement is to penetrate the interior surface of the valve box
wall, and any glass fiber reinforcement on the exterior surface must be thoroughly
impregnated with resin.
The glass content will be determined by ignition loss analysis in accordance
with Method D 2584 or ISO Recommendation R 11172.
8.02.2.5.14 Plastic Valve Boxes. Plastic valve boxes are to be high impact
resistant, acid resistant, high resistance to heat, self extinguishing, hard, durable,
low coefficient of expansion PVC compound.
Valve boxes are to be designed to suit the site conditions and loadings.
8.02.2.5.15 Valve Accessories.
1. Handwheels.
Handwheels shall be to BS 5163, cast iron to BS 1452 Grade 10. Handwheels
shall be marked "CLOSE" with an arrow to indicate clockwise direction of closure.
Diameters and other construction details shall be to the manufacturer's standards.
One (1) handwheel shall be supplied for each hand operated valve in pumping
stations.
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1. Valves. Valves shall be set and jointed to pipe in the manner specified for
laying and jointing pipe and/or to manufacturer's instructions.
Each valve shall be provided with concrete pad as shown on the Drawings so
that the pipe does not support the weight of the valve.
Valves shall not be used to bring misaligned pipe into alignment during
installation.
All pressure-containing bolting (bonnet, seal plate and end connections) shall
be inspected for adequate tightness after installation but prior to field testing.
2. Penstocks. For each penstock, the wall thimble, operating mechanism,
stem and stem guides shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's drawings
and recommendations. Tolerances between seating faces shall be maintained and
any warping avoided.
Tapped holes in thimbles shall be protected during concreting and setting.
Surfaces of thimbles and gates shall be protected from concrete spillage, paint,
oil and debris. Thimbles shall be supported to prevent shifting during pouring and
braced horizontally and vertically to prevent distortion.
Nuts shall be tightened in sequence after setting.
The entire assembly shall be cleaned, adjusted and lubricated after
installation.
Penstocks shall be operated through one (1) complete cycle on installation
to ensure proper functioning.
8.02.2.5.18 Field Protection.
Valves shall be protected against the action of external agents by a coat of
approved bituminous compound, applied cold by brush after pressure tests on
pipelines have been completed.
Penstocks shall be protected against action of external agents with one coat of
approved bituminous compound applied cold by brush after installation.
Buried bolts shall be protected against corrosion, with approved paint or by
polyethylene wrapping.
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8.02.2.6 Irrigators.
8.02.2.6.1 Irrigation Program Controllers.
The irrigation program controller shall be of the computer type capable of fully
automatic or manual operation of the system. It shall be housed, as required, in
either a pedestal mounted or a wall mounted corrosion proof and weatherproof
lockable cabinet. The cabinet shall have a reset circuit breaker to protect it from
power overload.
The controller shall be capable of operating the number of stations indicated in
the Bill of Quantities. Each station shall be capable of controlling three (3) No. 24
volt AC remote control or remote control pressure reducing valves and shall have a
time setting control capable of being set for one-tenth (0.1) hour increments from
zero (0) to nine and nine-tenths (9.9) hours unless otherwise specifically indicated
or set to omit the station from the irrigation cycle.
The controller shall have a selector for not less than an eight (8) day program
for each station with up to twenty-three (23) start times per day on each program.
The controller shall have a switch for fully automatic or manual operation or to
allow valve power output to be interrupted without affecting the controller timers.
The controller shall have a remote pump start circuit to activate a remote pump
start relay to run the pump during the irrigation cycle. The controller shall allow for
opening the first remote control valve before operating the pump and also for
closing the last remote control valve within fifteen (15) seconds after stopping the
pump. The controller shall be suitable for receiving controlled signals from a remote
computer-assisted control center (through an interface to be installed at a later date
by others) to supervise the operation of the remote control valves.
8.02.2.6.2 Spray Heads (for spray and stream spray).
Each spray head shall be of the fixed, non-rotating spray or stream spray type
and adaptable for full circle or part circle wetting patterns. It shall be made of
rugged brass or durable heat resistant plastic as determined in the Bill of Quantities
and suitable for rough handling.
The spray nozzles shall be so manufactured as to provide a precise and
uniform spray pattern at the specified pressure and precipitation rate.
Spray head discharge rate, spray radius and operating nozzle pressure are
indicated on the Drawings.
- Shrub spray heads, shall be installed at a fixed height above the finished
ground level as indicated on the Drawings.
- Grass spray heads shall be of the pop-up type that retract flush with the
finished ground level when out of operation. During operating, the net pop-up
height shall be fifteen (15) centimeters. The pop-up extension shall be totally
enclosed - when out of operation - in a sealed plastic tube, and shall be so
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kg/cm2). Pipe shall have welded or compression fittings to BS 864 Part 3, such that
thrust blocks are not required.
Polyethylene tubing for use as drip lateral shall be extruded from virgin low
density polyethylene resin, free of splits and kinds and resistant to stress cracking
and rolling. The working pressure shall be three kilograms per square centimeter (3
kg/cm2).
Drip lateral fittings shall be sturdy and durable construction with minimum flow
resistance. Couplings shall be of the compression type. Connection of lateral to
manifold shall be achieved using compression fittings or insert barbs with external
retaining champs or collars. The fitting shall attache to the manifold by solvent
cement for uPVC and by threaded connection or rubber grommet for polyethylene.
Ends of laterals shall be folded over and held in place by a slide collar.
8.02.2.6.7 Emitters. The emitter shall be of the multi outlet pressure
compensating type. It shall be of the continuous flushing type. The number of
outlets is as indicated on the drawings. Each outlet shall be individually chambered
for uniform flow. The pressure compensating feature shall be separate for each
outlet and shall allow the emitter to operate over the pressure range specified on
the drawings with a pressure - discharge response allowing a constant discharge
over the operating pressure range.
The emitter body shall be constructed of durable heat resistant plastic suitable
for direct burial or exposed application. Outlets shall have an internal barb
appropriate for the diameter of the distribution tubing.
Flow regulating diaphragm shall be of high consistency silicone resistant to
dilute Hydrochloric and Sulfuric acids. Flow orifices shall be able to pass one
hundred fifty (150) mesh particles and bioslime produced by soil-borne organisms.
8.02.2.7 Construction Requirements.
8.02.2.7.1 Earthworks.
1. Excavation. Excavation shall not be commenced on any section of work
until a full supply of pipes and fittings is available on site for that section.
Trench width up to three hundred (300) millimeters above crown of pipe shall
not exceed the following:
- for pipes not exceeding sixty-five (65) millimeters diameter:
(300) millimeters.
three hundred
- for pipes over sixty-five (65) millimeters and not exceeding five hundred (500)
millimeters diameter:
nominal diameter plus four hundred fifty (450)
millimeters.
- for pipes over five hundred (500) millimeters diameter: nominal diameter plus
six hundred (600) millimeters.
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Where required by the Engineer, and due to excavation being taken wider than
specified, the Contractor shall provide at no additional cost an increased pipe
strength or additional pipe protection.
Where excavations have been taken deeper than required, the Contractor shall
bear the cost of this excessive excavation and its backfill with the required
Subsection 5.03.9, "Concrete for Minor Structures" in these General Specifications
unless otherwise instructed.
Excavation with battered sides shall not be permitted in public highways,
private gardens or within thirty (30) meters of any building or other structure.
Embankments and other areas of fill shall be filled and compacted as specified
to a height of at least six hundred (600) millimeters above top of pipe before trench
is excavated.
Excavation in existing pavements shall be executed carefully and to minimum
widths. Methods which will give a straight and vertical face shall be used.
Pavement shall be maintained at original level.
In common trenches and where one (1) pipe is at a lower level than an
adjacent pipe in a common trench, the following shall apply:
- a sub-trench is permissible provided soil is stable.
- if a sub-trench is not permissible, the whole trench shall have a depth
related to the lower pipe, with increased thickness of bedding to upper pipe
as necessary.
- lower pipe shall be backfilled with thoroughly compacted granular material
up to a level not less than half way up the higher pipe.
2. Formation of Beds.
Excavation shall be carried out immediately before laying beds or pipes.
Unstable material, rock projections, boulders and hard spots shall be removed
and replaced with approved filling material, well consolidated.
Local soft spot shall be hardened by tamping in bedding material.
In rock, excavation shall be carried out to two hundred (200) millimeters below
bed level and replaced with granular material or Subsection 5.03.9, "Concrete for
Minor Structures" in these General Specifications as directed.
Excavated subsoil required for backfilling shall be stock-piled in temporary
spoil heaps along sides of excavations or elsewhere on the Site as instructed.
3. Bedding Materials.
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concrete and pipe. Any gap between spigot and socket shall be filled with approved
resilient material.
5. Backfilling.
Materials shall be as specified on the Drawings.
Initial backfill shall be brought to the level indicted on the Drawings by laying
and hand compacting in one hundred fifty (150) millimeter layers.
Final backfill, unless otherwise specified, shall be material excavated from the
trench, laid and well compacted in layers not exceeding three hundred (300)
millimeters thick. Use of heavy compactors shall not be allowed until there is six
hundred (600) millimeters cover over pipes.
When backfilling to pipes with concrete beds and surrounds, the following shall
be observed:
- Backfilling shall not be started within twenty-four (24) hours of placing
concrete.
- Heavy compactors and traffic loads shall be prevented within seventy-two (72)
hours of placing concrete.
Temporary bridges shall be provided over trenches to prevent construction
traffic damaging pipes after backfilling.
Where pipelines are laid in planted areas the upper forty-five hundredths
(0.45) meters backfilling shall be of Agricultural soil.
6. Reinstatement.
Reinstatement of asphalt, concrete and gravel pavements and the like shall be
with materials and to thicknesses to match the existing pavement. Materials and
workmanship shall be in accordance with local authority requirements and as
directed by the Engineer.
Existing pavement shall be made good and new pavement shall be the same
level and profile as the existing to provide a uniform surface.
In unsurfaced areas, surface of trench and any adjoining disturbed areas shall
be graded after backfilling to provide a level, smooth surface.
Reinstatement of surfaces shall be started as soon after completion of other
work as is practicable, but in no case more than ten (10) days after backfilling of
trenches and other excavated areas and shall be completed within a further twenty
(20) days. For road crossings reinstatement shall be initiated within twenty-four (24)
hours of backfilling.
Any settlement shall be made good by the Contractor to the Engineer's
satisfaction.
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5. Floatation.
Where flotation of pipes may occur due to floodwater or otherwise, water shall
be excluded from the interior of the pipe and sufficient backfill shall be placed above
the pipe to prevent its flotation. Open trenches shall be kept clear of water.
Any pipe that has floated shall be removed and its bedding shall be corrected
prior to relaying.
6. Pipes Built into Structures.
The outside surfaces of pipes to be built-in shall be cleaned immediately
before installation. Protective coatings to metal pipes shall be removed as ordered.
Plastic pipes shall be painted with appropriate solvent cement and sprinkled with
dry coarse sand while wet.
Two (2) flexible joints or flexible patented joints shall be provided adjacent to
structures. The first joint shall be placed not more than one (1) pipe diameter from
the face of structure and the second not more than the following distances away
from the first:
- Two (2) pipe diameters or six hundred (600) millimeters minimum for pipe
diameters not exceeding four hundred fifty (450) millimeters.
- One and two-tenths (1.2) meters for pipe diameters over four hundred fifty
(450) and not exceeding one thousand (1000) millimeters.
8.02.3 MECHANICAL PLANT
8.02.3.1 Scope. The Mechanical Plant covers all mechanical equipment relevant
to the pumping station and water tanks, including pumping units, flow meters,
extract fans, control equipment, etc., that are not covered elsewhere in these
General Specifications.
The pumping station is intended for the operation of the irrigation system and
shall be able to supply the design flow at the required discharge head.
The specified duty of the pumping units is based on providing the reduced
pressure levels specified for the downstream end of the pressure reducing valves
with a safety margin of ten percent (10%) of the required pressure. The supplied
pumping units shall be able to actually provide these reduced pressure and safety
margins. It is the Contractor's responsibility to check the specified duty of the
pumping units against the actual hydraulic characteristics of the supplied valves,
pipes and fittings taking into consideration the final elevations of all components
and to modify this duty, if need be, prior to ordering the pumping units and after
approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall coordinate the operation of all equipment and controls to
ensure the adequate running of the system.
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Bearings shall be rated and sized to ensure satisfactory and stable running
without vibration under all conditions of operation for a minimum life of one hundred
thousand (100,000) hours running. They shall be lubricated and protected from
ingress or moisture and sand and from the climatic conditions prevalent at the site.
Bearings shall be to ISO standard SI unit dimensions where practicable.
Lubrication of bearings, etc. shall be by either splash or forced systems. Oil
cooling facilities shall be provided as necessary. The machinery supplier shall
ensure the lubricant used for initial filling and specified in the maintenance manual
is adequate for prolonged operation in the specified ambient temperatures without
overheating.
The plant shall be designed to minimize routine lubrication. Lubrication intervals
of not less than seven (7) days are considered acceptable. Type of lubricant and
intervals of lubrication for each individual item of plant shall be entered on a working
schedule, forming part of the Operation and Maintenance Literature. A list of
recommended lubricants and their equivalents shall be entered in the Operation and
Maintenance Literature.
Flexible couplings shall be rated to cover full range of duty, and shall be of the
flexible multi pin and bush type having not less than six (6) bushes and each having
an inner sleeve to allow rotation on the pin (bushes shall not be in direct contact
with pin). Pins shall have shoulders for positive location and securing to bosses.
Bosses shall fit tight on the shafts and shall be secured with hand fitted keys.
Couplings shall be supplied in matching balanced sets and shall be machined,
balanced and marked before leaving the manufacturer's works.
Unless otherwise specified, flanges and connections provided on equipment and
associated piping shall be to BS 4504: Table 10.
Fixing bolts used for fixing steel to concrete shall be ordered and supplied with
the equipment and are to be self-drilling anchor bolts. Bolts, nuts and washers
which will be totally or periodically submerged shall be stainless steel unless
otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings.
Electrical work shall comply with the appropriate requirements of the
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Section of this General Specification.
Pipework, fittings, valves and other products not specifically mentioned shall
comply with the appropriate requirements of the PIPING AND APPURTENANCES
Section of this General Specification.
8.02.3.5 Spares. The Contractor shall provide spares suitable for a period of two
(2) years operation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Contractor shall hand-over these spares to the Ministry of Communications stores or
as directed upon the final handing-over of the works.
Lists of the spares for each pumping station shall accompany the Tender.
8.02.3.6 Pumping Units.
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8.02.3.6.1 General.
1. Materials.
Materials for pumps shall be suitable for pump operating conditions and
adequate for total heads to which pumps are subjected. Corrosion resistant
materials shall be used. Assembly arrangements shall include isolation of dissimilar
metals to avoid galvanic interaction.
Pumps shall have factory plugged connections for casing vents, drains and
suction and discharge pressure gauges. Pumps shall have shaft packing or
mechanical seals compatible with pump design and nature of liquid pumped in
accordance with manufacturer's recommendations or as specified.
Impellers and rotating assemblies shall be statically and dynamically balanced
at the factory.
Packing rings shall be installed in alternate layers to staggered ninety degrees
(90o). Packing shall be tightened to seal while permitting the prescribed amount of
leakage for lubrication.
Operating characteristics, pump point of specified flow and head shall fall near
the point of maximum efficiency as obtained from manufacturer's published data.
The pump shall be able to supply in head not exceeding fifty percent (50%) of the
range between specified and shut-off heads.
Horse power rating of pump drive motor shall ensure non-overloading of motor
throughout capacity range of pump for impeller diameter selected.
Electric motors shall be suitable for the available electric voltage and
frequency. Motor speeds shall not exceed one thousand seven hundred fifty (1750)
RPM for the sixty (60) Hz.
Pumps shall be provided from the factory complete with electric motors
mounted on a common cast iron or steel base and properly aligned.
2. Installation.
Pumps and motor base shall be supported where applicable on an isolated
reinforced concrete foundation as detailed on the Drawings and shall be aligned
and level throughout their length and width.
Piping shall be supported independently of pump connections.
Drains for packing glands and machine bases shall be piped to the nearest
floor drain or sump.
Before operation the Contractor shall ensure that the pump is properly
lubricated, rotating element rotates freely by hand, casing is vented and full of
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water, direction of rotation is correct, strainer is clean and suction and discharge
valves are open.
3. Shop Drawings.
Shop drawings shall be submitted for each pump for approval prior to shipment
from the factory as follows:
- Certified performance curves showing job number, customer and customer
order number, pump designation number shown on the Drawings, date of
manufacture, model number, pump size, impeller diameter pump can
accommodate, speed, flow-head characteristic curve, consumed horsepower
curve, pump efficiency curve and NPSH curve.
- Pump cross-sectional drawings showing major components with parts
numbers and parts list.
- Pump outline dimensional drawing showing overall dimensions, location of
foundation bolt holes and sizes, location and rating of suction and discharge
nozzles.
- Recommended list of spare parts.
- Installation, operation and maintenance instruction manual.
- Details and wiring diagrams of factory supplied pump controllers, starters,
controls or other electrical devices or accessories.
- Special instructions for field installation and connection of each factory or
field supplied electrical device, control or accessory.
4. Shop Tests.
Certified results of shop tests made by the manufacturer for each pump shall
be submitted, prior to shipment from the factory, as follows:
- Performance test throughout capacity range of pump with specified design
operating point clearly indicated on the pump flow-head characteristic curve.
- Hydrostatic pressure test to one and one-half (1) times the shut-off
pressure of the pump.
The pump test report shall include the following information:
- Pump data: pump designation number shown on the Drawings, model
number, serial number, customer order number, flow, suction and discharge
pressures, shut-off pressure, speed, and brake horsepower.
- Motor data: make, type, model number, serial number, horsepower rating,
speed, voltage, phase, frequency, class of insulation, allowable temperature
53
rise, full load amperes, locked rotor amperes and actual voltage and
amperes at all test points.
- Starter data: make, model number, size, heater size, ampere rating, line
voltage, control voltage and frequency.
8.02.3.6.2 Split Case Horizontal Pumping Unit.
1. Pump.
Pump shall be base mounted, double suction, single stage, centrifugal type,
directly connected to motor through a heavy duty flexible coupling, with heavy
gauge coupling guard.
Pump casing shall be high tensile strength alloy case iron, designated for a
working pressure of sixteen kilograms per square centimeter (16 kg/cm 2), fitted with
easily removable bronze wear rings dowelled to casing. Casing shall be divided at
the horizontal centerline and the two (2) halves accurately machined, dowel aligned
and bolted together.
Impeller shall be bronze, enclosed double suction type, fastened to shaft by
stainless steel key and screw locked adjustable shaft sleeves.
Suction and discharge nozzles shall be of in-line piping design, cast integrally
with lower half of pump casing to allow rotating element to be removed without
disconnecting suction and discharge flanges.
Shaft shall be high strength steel, sized to carry axial and radial thrust with
minimum deflection and protected against corrosion by full length bronze shaft
sleeves. Teflon gaskets shall be provided between impeller hub and shaft sleeves.
Pump rotating element shall be supported by two (2) heavy duty grease
lubricated ball bearings for both radial and thrust loads, mounted in machined
moisture and dustproof cast iron housings, bolted to pump casing with register fits to
ensure permanent alignment. Bearing housing supports shall be cast integrally with
lower half of pump casing. Bearings shall be provided with grease seals and water
slingers to protect bearings from contamination, and with easily accessible grease
fittings for positive bearing lubrication.
Mechanical seal shall be non-resist face, carbon washer and stainless steel
parts.
Pump and motor shall be mounted on a common base reinforced against
deflection, with drip rim, drain tapping, bolt holes and grouting hole.
Impeller and pump outer casing shall be factory treated by shot blasting and
priming with epoxy. Casing shall then be given one (1) undercoat and one (1) top
coat of chlorinated rubber of approved color to three (3) mils thickness each coat.
2. Motor.
54
It shall be
55
multi-conductor electric cables between the pump, level switch and control panel,
special holder for level switch and lifting chain.
The pump shall have cast iron casing, impeller, and motor starter housing. The
shaft and all bolts and nuts shall be stainless steel, the impeller shall be of bronze.
The pump shall have two (2) double face mechanical seals. An oil casing shall be
provided within the pump to lubricate and cool the seal rings. The pump shall be
fitted with bronze case wear rings and a bronze terminal cover.
The whole unit shall be externally finished in black, non-hardening, corrosionresistant, rubber-bitumen paint or in the manufacturer's standard finish, if approved
by the Engineer.
2. Motor.
The motor shall be as specified for the split case horizontal pumping unit
except that it shall be of the submersible type with a degree of protection not less
than IP 68 to IEC 144.
56
57
58
Overload relays for starters shall be to IEC 292-1, and inherently compensated
for variations in ambient temperature.
Unless otherwise required by the driven system, magnetic starters shall be as
follows:
- Three (3) phase motors above fifteen (15) horse power (up to and including
fifty (50) horse power) starter shall be star-delta, non-reversing magnetic type,
with a 3-pole overload relay, and one (1) adjustable low voltage relay.
- Three (3) phase motors above fifty (50) horse power, starter shall be reduced
voltage, auto-transformer type.
Unless otherwise required by the driven equipment all starters shall be
provided with the following control devices:
-
It shall not be possible to open the enclosure door without putting the isolator
in the open position.
8.02.3.7 Pressure Switches. Each pump other than the sump drainage pumps,
shall be provided with an independent pressure switch that overrides the regular
operation of the pump to shut off the pump when the system pressure has exceeded
the setting of the pressure relief - check valve or pump control valve by the accuracy
range of this valve, and before it reaches the shut-off head of the pump.
This switch shall be as specified by the pump manufacturer.
8.02.3.8 Water Level Controls. Level controls shall be of the fixed electrode
type.
The level controls shall override the regular operation of the pump and stop all
pumping when the minimum water level has been reached and shall also give
audible warning of high water level. The control panel mounted button to turn off the
audible warning shall also automatically reset the warning system to operate next
time the water level rises above full level.
Drainage pump shall be controlled by float switches.
8.2.3.9 Electromagnet Flowmeters. Plant-mounting enclosures for signal
converters shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 65 or better. Rack
mounting enclosures shall be to IEC 144, standard IP 20 or better.
8.2.3.10 Pressure Gauges. Pressure gauges shall be to BS 1780, constructed
in stainless steel, bronze or other corrosion resistant material. No plastic
materials shall be used in construction.
59
Gauges and
Where compensation of more than two percent (2%) of the instrument span is
required for the difference in level between the instruments and the tapping point,
the reading shall be adjusted and the amount of compensation marked on the dial.
The sensitivity of the gauge shall be at least five-hundredths (0.05) bar. Every
pressure gauge whether forming part of the permanent works or supplied for used
by the Engineer's Representatives to test any item of the permanent works shall be
accompanied by a calibration and testing certificate from the manufacturer or from
an independent testing laboratory.
At each pressure gauge tapping point in pumping stations, a second tapping
point shall be provided to allow pressure measurement by an independent hand
held pressure gauge (for further re-calibration of the fixed gauge). One (1) hand
held pressure gauge shall be supplied unused in its original wrapping for each
pumping station.
8.02.3.11 Strainers. Size fifty (50) millimeter (two (2) inch) and smaller shall be
screwed Y-type, bronze body, one hundred fifty pounds per square inch (150 psi)
steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel screen and screwed
cap with one-half () inch tapped hole with blowdown valve installed.
Size sixty-five (65) millimeter (two and one-half (2) inch) and larger shall be
flanged, basket type, cast iron body, one hundred twenty-three pounds per square
inch (123 psi) steam working pressure rating, with 20-mesh stainless steel basket
screen, bolted cap and three-fourths (3/4) inch tapped hole at the bottom with
blowdown valve installed.
8.02.3.12 Electrical Indicators and Integrators. Electrical indicators and
integrators shall be for use with analogue signal transmission systems and comply
with BS 89 with accuracy class index one (1.0). Indicator movements shall be
critically dampened (dead-beat).
Indicators shall have circular scales or shall be of the vertical edgewise type and
shall be designed to avoid parallax error. Scale shall be clearly marked in SI units
and shall comply with BS 3693. All instruments mounted on one (1) panel on board
or in adjacent groupings, shall have similar styles of figures and letters. Dials shall
be white with black scales and lettering, not subject to fading.
The materials for scales shall be such that no peeling or discoloration will take
place with age under environmental conditions.
Major scale marks and numerals shall be of the same size and thickness and
shall be separated by more than twenty-five (25) minor marks. Pointers shall
interpret to the width of the minor scale marks.
Integrators shall be of the multi-digit cyclometer type. Each integrator shall have
an integral or separate current-to-pulse converter with sufficient adjustment of the
60
pulse rate to avoid the use of any multiplying factor except in integer power of ten
(10). Each integrator shall incorporate an adjustable limiter whereby any input
below a preset value is inoperative. Integrators shall have the number of digits
shown on the appropriate instrument data sheet. A decimal point shall be provided
to the right of the units digit.
8.02.3.13 Fertilizer Injector Equipment. Fertilizer injection equipment shall be
of the Venturi type bypassed on the main pipeline and consist of a fertilizer tank with
a minimum capacity of one hundred kilograms (100 kg.) of dry chemical fertilizer,
having a hinged pressure-tight cover. The connections from the tank to the pipeline
shall be sized so as to allow twenty-five kilograms (25 kg.) of fertilizer to be
dissolved and dispersed in forty-five (45) minutes with normal pump operation.
All parts in contact with the fertilizer shall be in corrosion resistant material.
8.02.3.14 Axial In-Line Exhaust Fans. Axial in-line exhaust fans shall be direct
driven single stage cylindrical fans with bell-shaped inlets capable of changing air at
the rate shown on the Drawings. Housings shall be spun from heavy gauge
aluminum or hot-dip galvanized steel and be provided with heavy aluminum
supporting brackets for wall mounting. The impellers shall be aerofoil made of diecast aluminum alloy. The shaft shall be of hot rolled steel, ground polished and
keyed to the wheel.
8.02.3.15 Roof Cowls. Roof cowls shall be of the spun dome type designed for
roof curb mounting. Relief vents shall be fully weatherproofed and of all aluminum
construction. All materials used in construction shall be solid non-ferrous.
The cowl cover shall be constructed of heavy gauge aluminum and shall
comprise a square spun hinged type dome. It shall be connected to the square curb
with a smooth spun venturi. The cowl cover shall be provided with wire mesh bird
screen.
The damper shall be the multi-blade type.
8.02.3.16 Flexible Connectors. Flexible connectors shall be expansion joints
of the stainless steel packless bellows type suitable for sixteen (16) bar water
pressure. Sizes shall be the same as the pipes on which they are to be installed,
with screwed ends for sizes fifty (50) millimeters (two (2) inch) or smaller, and
flanged ends for sizes sixty-five (65) millimeters (two and one-half (2) inch) and
larger.
8.02.3.17 Filters. Filters shall be installed where required and as indicated on
the Drawings.
The purpose of the filters shall be the removal of suspended solids from the
pumped water at a flow rate equal to the capacity of the pumping station.
The capacity of each filter unit as well as the mesh size of the screen are
indicated on the Drawings and in the Bill of Quantities.
61
The filter unit shall be of the screen type and composed of the filter housing, the
screen or filter cartridge, the flush valves, the isolation valves and the pressure
gauges. The filter housing shall be of the type suitable for horizontal installation
manufactured from stainless steel.
The inlet and outlet connections shall be of a size and type suitable for
connecting to the pump(s) discharge header on which the filter unit is to be
installed. Inlet and outlet shall be provided with gate valves for isolating the filter
unit from the system.
The screen or filter shall consist of a stainless steel screen for a perforation size
suitable for the proper performance of the used emitters and manufacturer's
recommendations. The support of the screen or filter shall consist of a stainless
steel cartridge that allows an easy field replacement of the screen or filter.
The flush port shall be controlled by a solenoid operated isolation valve linked to
the irrigation program controller and set to open for at least one (1) minute (or the
smallest time increment of the controller) at the beginning of every irrigation cycle,
to thoroughly flush the retained particles. Flushing of the filter unit shall also be
automatically operated when the pressure differential across the filter has reached
or exceeded three-tenths kilograms per square centimeter (0.3 kg/cm 2). This
pressure differential shall be sensed by a set of pressure gauges suitably located
and adequately linked to the solenoid operated valve of the flush port.
The discharge from the flush port shall be conveyed in a uPVC pipe, of adequate
size, to the sump of the pumping station.
8.02.4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
8.02.4.1 Scope. This work shall consist of the complete electrical installation to
be supplied and installed for all components of the Works as detailed in the
following sections and shown on the Drawings.
Work shall include the supply, installation, testing, commissioning and putting into
satisfactory operation of the following:
- Pumping station electrical installation complete including electricity supply,
cables and level controls.
- Irrigation control equipment including all cables to pumping stations, irrigation
program controllers and remote control valves.
The work shall include the provision of shop drawings and the calculations
required by the specification, as well as the provision of all literature and samples in
connection with the approval of proposed equipment.
The equipment supplied shall include all necessary items for a complete
installation which will give satisfactory operation, notwithstanding errors and
omissions. The equipment listed in the document are therefore, indicative and not
limitative.
62
the fans for fifteen (15) minutes in every two (2) hours. The timer shall be capable
of being adjusted to vary running and operating time.
8.02.4.4 Irrigation Control. The twenty-four (24) volt electrically operated
irrigation remote control valves shall be controlled by the irrigation program
controllers positioned as shown on the Drawings. A separate electricity supply shall
be taken from the nearest sub-station/feeder pillar to operate each controller.
The controllers shall be interlocked with the pumping system to ensure that the
pumps operate when any of the irrigation valves is open.
The irrigation control electric cables, connecting the irrigation program controllers
to the remote control valves shall be single core copper wires PVC insulated and
PVC sheathed. The sizes of cables shall be commensurate with the distances
between the controllers and valves, operating pressure and the manufacturer's
recommendations. The cables shall be U/L approved for ground feeders directly
buried and rated for six hundred (600) volts. They shall be clipped to the water
pipework where practicable. Multi-runs of cables shall be tied together at one (1)
meter intervals using PVC tape and clipped to the underside of the water pipework
at two (2) meter intervals using plastic straps.
To allow full flexibility of the system, each valve shall have a separate control
cable such that any valve sequence control may be re-adjusted.
Where required, cable junction boxes shall be fitted. These shall be purpose
made boxes fitted with fixed connectors and suitable labelled. The boxes shall be
fitted with glands and gasketted lid to ensure fully waterproof and dust tight
conditions.
Each remote control valve shall be fitted with a fixed connector inside a
waterproof box and suitable for cable tails from the valve to be connected.
All cable cores shall be fitted with marker ferrules at each end for each of
identification, and all valves shall be fitted with identification labels.
8.02.5 METALWORK,
STRUCTURES
PAINT
AND
PAINTING
AND
WATER
RETAINING
8.02.5.1 Metalwork.
8.02.5.1.1 General.
Metalwork covers all purpose-made items shown on the Drawings. These
items shall be fabricated to the design shown on the Drawings and according to the
material and Workmanship specified in Section 5.05 "Steel Structures and
Miscellaneous Metalwork" in these General Specifications.
8.02.5.1.2 Ladders and Safety Cages.
Ladders and safety cages shall be fabricated galvanized mild steel to BS 4211
or aluminum alloy as approved.
64
67
PAY ITEM
PAY UNIT
80201
Linear Meter
80202
Linear Meter
80203
Linear Meter
80204
Linear Meter
80205
Linear Meter
80206
Linear Meter
80207
Linear Meter
80208
Linear Meter
80209
Linear Meter
80215
Linear Meter
80216
Linear Meter
80217
Linear Meter
80218
Linear Meter
80219
Linear Meter
80220
Linear Meter
80221
Linear Meter
80222
Linear Meter
80225
Linear Meter
80226
Linear Meter
80227
Linear Meter
80228
Linear Meter
80229
Linear Meter
80230
Linear Meter
80231
Linear Meter
80232
Linear Meter
80240
Linear Meter
80241
Linear Meter
80242
Linear Meter
68
80243
Linear Meter
80244
Linear Meter
80245
Linear Meter
80246
Linear Meter
80247
Linear Meter
80301
Unit
80302
Unit
80303
Unit
80304
Unit
80305
Unit
80306
Valve, Butterfly, 80 mm
Unit
80307
Valve, Butterfly, 50 mm
Unit
80308
Valve, Butterfly, 40 mm
Unit
80309
Valve, Butterfly, 25 mm
Unit
80310
Unit
80311
Unit
80312
Unit
80313
Unit
80314
Unit
80315
Valve, Air-Type I, 80 mm
Unit
80316
Valve, Air-Type I, 50 mm
Unit
80317
Valve, Air-Type I, 40 mm
Unit
80318
Valve, Air-Type I, 25 mm
Unit
80319
Unit
80320
Unit
80321
Unit
80322
Unit
80323
Unit
80324
Unit
80325
Unit
80326
Unit
69
80327
Unit
80328
Unit
80329
Unit
80330
Unit
80331
Unit
80332
Unit
80333
Valve, Globe, 80 mm
Unit
80334
Valve, Globe, 50 mm
Unit
80335
Valve, Globe, 25 mm
Unit
80336
Unit
80337
Unit
80338
Unit
80339
Unit
80340
Unit
80341
Unit
80342
Unit
80343
Unit
80344
Unit
80345
Unit
80346
Unit
80347
Unit
80348
Unit
80349
Unit
80350
Unit
80351
Unit
80352
Unit
80353
Unit
80354
Unit
80355
Unit
80356
Unit
80357
Unit
70
80358
Unit
80359
Unit
80360
Unit
80361
Unit
80362
Unit
80363
Unit
80364
Unit
80365
Unit
80366
Unit
80367
Unit
80368
Unit
80369
Unit
80370
Unit
80371
Unit
80372
Unit
80373
Unit
80374
Unit
80375
Unit
80376
Unit
80377
Valve, Penstock, 80 mm
Unit
80378
Valve, Penstock, 50 mm
Unit
80379
Valve, Penstock, 40 mm
Unit
80380
Valve, Penstock, 25 mm
Unit
80381
Unit
80382
Unit
80383
Unit
80384
Unit
80385
Unit
80386
Valve, Gate, 80 mm
Unit
80387
Valve, Gate, 60 mm
Unit
80388
Valve, Gate, 40 mm
Unit
71
80389
Valve, Gate, 25 mm
Unit
80390
Unit
80391
Unit
80392
Unit
80393
Unit
80394
Unit
80395
Unit
80396
Unit
80397
Unit
80398
Unit
80401
Linear Meter
80402
Linear Meter
80403
Lump Sum
80404
Lump Sum
80501
Lump Sum
80502
Unit
80503
Lump Sum
80504
Lump Sum
80601
Linear Meter
80602
Linear Meter
80603
Linear Meter
80604
Linear Meter
80605
Linear Meter
80606
Linear Meter
72
73
Clerodendron inerme
Ipomoea pes-capre
Ipomoea carica
SUCCULENTS
Aloe vera
Agava americana
Opuntia
Yucca alofolia
PALMS
Phoenix dactylifera
74
FOR
MAINTENANCE OF
IRRIGATION AND
Part One: Maintaining and Watering Trees, Earth Covering, and Irrigation Network
Plant Maintenance Section
1.
Replacement of Plants
The replacement operation means changing the dead, weak, bent, or slow
growing plants with similar types of plants or any other type agreed on by the
Ministry.
The most important reasons which require plants to be replaced are the
following:
(1) Death of Plant
The Contractor has to preserve all plants and find the suitable method to
guarantee their safety whether the cause is weather conditions, vandalism, as a
result for a third party work in the site, or because of animals.
(2) Weakness of Some Plants, Slenderness, and their Inability for Continuous
Growth:
A disease might affect plants and cause their slenderness and slow down their
growth, or that the type of plant may not be suitable to the soil. Other reasons may
also lead to growth weakness. Therefore, it becomes better to replace certain
plants with another of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry.
(3) There is a defect in the plant as a twist in the stock, irregular growth, or any
other reason lead to be removed.
2.
The Contractor is required to change dead or slow growing plants with new
ones of the same type or any other type agreed on by the Ministry including the
following specifications:
(1) Trees
1) After plantation, the main stock length has to be not less than one (1)
meter above earth level.
2) The main stock has to be straight and without twist and its diameter is
not less than three (3) centimeters.
3) It should be free of diseases and insects.
75
(2) Shrubs
1) After plantation, the shrubs length should be not less than seventy-five
(75) centimeters above earth level.
2) It has many branches.
3) The green growth has to be satisfying.
4) It has to be free from diseases and insects.
(3) Earth Cover
1) The level of greenery growth has to be satisfying.
2) It should be free from diseases and insects.
3) It has to be from the existing type or any other type agreed on by the
Ministry.
(4) Transplant Flowers
1) To grow the planted types in the site of the project transplant.
2) During plantation, it has to be almost flowering.
3) It has to be ready for plantation any time within the project duration.
(5) Palms
Period inspection of palms occurs every three (3) months to replace the dead
palms; and time has to be suitable for palm plantation. The dead palms have to be
removed one (1) week before plantation to enable soil airing and to remove the
dead roots and molds, if any. The planting should be performed by adding new
sand around the root area.
The planted palms shall be with the following specifications:
1) To choose Arabic palms.
2) The female palms should be not less than ninety percent (90%).
3) The stock should be free of defects and within the same length of the
dead palm, and not less than one (1) meter by any means. The diameter of the
stock should be not less than sixty (60) centimeters and without twists or bends.
4) The palm ball diameter size is not less than one (1) meter and the roots
shall be vital; and its parts shall be cleaned before plantation.
76
5) The outsider leaves shall be green and within two (2) to three (3) meters
of length, and its number is not less than twelve (12). The inside leaves shall be
green and free of any mold.
6) Palms shall be free of diseases and insects.
7) To import the palms in the site after cleaning, and to perform the
planting operation. The palm shall be wrapped with sackcloth including stock and
leaves to protect the core from dryness and from the effect of heat and cold.
3.
Tumbling
Tumbling operation is turning over the soil around the roots and airing it and
removing accumulations and leftovers. This operation is performed as follows:
(1) It occurs every sixty (60) days and the supervising engineer identifies the
tumbling and becomes included in the work schedule.
(2) The turning over is performed in the upper level in order not to hurt the
roots.
(3) Remove the leftover and accumulated material before tumbling.
(4) The soil should be left without watering for two (2) days after the soil turning
over for the purpose of airing it.
(5) The Contractor has to fight back worms.
(6) To remove decayed plants during the tumbling operation or by using an
appropriate herbicide in accordance with the supervising engineer's instructions.
5.
Fertilizing Operation
77
(1) Organic Fertilizers are fertilizers that originate from organic material. They
are important because they include the food elements needed for the plant and
improve the soil. The organic fertilizer is added once a year in early winter.
The rates for adding organic fertilizers:
1) Palms: Five (5) kilograms for each palm tree.
2) Trees: Two (2) kilograms for each tree.
3) Shrubs, flowers, and grass: Two (2) kilograms for each square meter.
The specifications of organic fertilizers:
1) It should be free of harmful material in plants or soil.
2) It should be free of decayed grass seeds.
3) Humidity shall not exceed fifteen percent (15%).
4) pH should be within six (6) to seven (7).
5) Each gram should include not less than 5000 million of bacteria.
(2) Chemical Fertilizers are divided into the following types:
1) Chemical fertilizer compounds:
It includes the main food elements as Nitrogen, Phosphore, Potassium, etc.
2) Monism fertilizers:
It includes one (1) element as uric, and is added to compensate for low
iron. This fertilizer is added when one (1) element appears to be low in big
quantities. It spreads out and compensates the low rate of food elements quickly.
(3) Times for Adding Chemical Fertilizers
1) The monism fertilizers shall be added when a specific soil element
appears to be low.
2) Chemical fertilizer compounds shall be added periodically once every
month and in accordance to the fertilizing schedule.
3) The azoic fertilizer shall be added if needed to encourage the greenery
growth.
4) The fertilizer shall be added to grass after mowing.
(4) Rates of Chemical Fertilizer
78
(1) Trimming Trees and Shrubs is based on the plant type and its purpose. It
is prohibited to trim trees without obtaining the supervising engineer approval about
the trimming method including the following:
1) The Contractor has to trim one (1) tree as a sample and in accordance
to what is specified by the supervising engineer.
2) The trimmed sample shall be inspected, and needed modification shall
be done, if any.
3) The sample shall be photographed after performing the trimming
operation for the tree. The supervising engineer and the project manager shall sign
on the photograph.
4) The Contractor shall obtain the written agreement to complete trimming
operation to the rest of the trees in accordance with the sample.
5) Time for trimming trees:
1. Trees will falling leaves shall be trimmed after the falling by cutting
the diseased and dead branches only.
2. Formation, smoothing, and removal of unusual growth shall be
performed any time in the year except for the periods when temperature reaches its
climax of either high or low degrees.
3. Old trees which appear to be slow in growth shall be identified and
inspected by the supervising engineer to obtain his approval for severe trimming for
growth renewal.
4. Shadow trees shall be trimmed very little and the branches shall be
cut when necessary.
79
Plants planted for this purpose will need continuous cutting to identify their form
because such cutting will renew its growth and preserve fence appearance. Plant
cutting is performed in accordance with the following:
1) It is prohibited to perform the cutting operation at a low temperature,
greenery slow growth during winter season, or when temperature degrees reaches
its highest rates.
2) Flowering fences shall be cut before blooming with an adequate period
to allow flowering buds to bloom. It should be cut after flowering in order not to form
seeds.
3) When perform cutting, the fence foot shall be thicker in comparison with
the top to enable reinforcing the fence.
4) Fences and gates shall be formed differently, straight and others; and
designs of different forms of cutting shall be prepared. These designs are shown to
the supervising engineer to choose the appropriate locations for such forms.
5) If there is a reason that affects the fences and weaken them that
becomes naked from the bottom part, in this case, the fence shall be cut unto half
meter in early spring, or in early autumn after the bad conditions cease. It is
fertilized with organism fertilizers to encourage bottom growth and forming new
branches.
(3)
1) Individual shrubs shall be trimmed yearly and when needed for the
following reasons:
1. Reduce shrubs size and organize its form to suit the purpose of its
plantation.
2. To get rid of unwanted growth.
3. To remove diseased, dry, and dead branches.
4. To assist in making the sun light reaches all parts of the shrubs in
order to encourage flower blooming.
2) Trimming Time
1. Winter trimming shall be performed on shrubs which has flowers and
bloom at summer season.
80
2. Shrubs that have flowers on old branches and bloom in winter should
be trimmed late spring and early summer.
3. Small shrubs should not be trimmed, and it is enough to cut the dead
branches.
4. Cone shrubs should never be trimmed and are left for normal growth.
7. Trees Hold and Support
(1)
Hold and supporting are two (2) escorted operations performed on all trees. The
method is different in regard to the trees age, size, and purpose.
1) Trees Newly Planted
These trees would not be exceeding one (1) year of age. At this phase,
there is a need to encourage the main stock growth in thickness, straightness in
regard to the following:
1. Leave the lower branches without trimming and let them grown
normally unless it is extremely necessary. In case of disease, the branch shall be
removed after obtaining a written approval from the supervising engineer.
2. To support the plants by setting wood support in an appropriate way
for trees, and in regard to the tree's case, holder, type, numbers, and method of
holding. What follows is an explanation of this operation:
(1) Holders shall be made of a good type white Swedish wood that
is strong and dry; its measure is five by five (5 x 5) centimeters.
(2) Holders faces shall be soft to avoid harming the plant's stock
when it moves as a result of wind blowing.
(3) The wood, which the holder is made of, should not have
branching pose to avoid easy breaking.
(4) The supporting holder shall be pointed from the lower part in
order to get through the soil easily, and it shall be painted with the bitumen to
protect the wood from water.
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(5)
green color.
(6) The supporting holders shall be of an appropriate length of the
tree's stock. These holders shall be replaced with others, when needed.
2) Tree Binding
1. The binding shall be simple, and the material shall be strong to avoid
continuous cutting or stock bending.
2. When binding, the stock shall be paralyzing the supporting holder,
and an appropriate space shall be in-between. The stock shall not be bound
strongly to the support holder to avoid hindering the stock growth.
3. Means of Binding
The binding shall be performed by the following method:
(1) A thin string of two (2) mm. and it is performed on newly planted
trees. This string is soft that would not hinder its growth or harm its stock. This
string is cut easily, and needs continuous rebinding.
(2) Polyethylene binders: This binder is performed for such
purpose. The binding opening shall be widened or control the binding circle around
the stock.
(3) String bindings of three to five (3-5) mm. wrapped with a plastic
material to protect the stock. This string surrounds the stock in many ways in
accordance to the binding and supporting method. The supervising engineer shall
choose the best used materials in binding and in accordance to what he believes is
appropriate.
3) Method of Supporting
The method of supporting shall be identified by the stock length, number
of branches and the method approved by the supervising engineer.
4) Trees Newly Planted
1. A tree is supported by one holder placed during plantation and is
attached to the main stock. Three holes have to be made in the holder at top,
middle, and bottom with an equal distance. The stock shall be bound to the
supporting holder from these three locations.
2. To support with two wood holders limiting the tree in-between with an
adequate distance. In this case, three holes are made in each supporting holder
and with an appropriate distance. Binding shall be made with a wire covered by a
plastic cover and leaving an appropriate opening that the stock can get through
during binding.
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(2)
(3)
When the support holder is unable to assist the plant for vertical
growth.
(4) When the greenery growth of the plant reaches a size that such
method is not suitable for, or if the plant inclines in one of the directions. In this
case the contractor should perform the following:
1) To perform a study on a group of trees to choose the most
suitable supporting way to its case.
2) To work on a resupporting program in accordance to the
needs of every group, and to specify its final date.
3) To demonstrate the program for the supervising engineer.
After fulfilling the needed discussion and modification, the contractor shall perform
the work within the specified duration.
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Protective Herbicide
Soil Washing
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Watering periods shall be specified for all of the four seasons. The
contractor shall present an annual and monthly program submitted five days before
the end of the Higri month. The supervising engineer shall review and discuss this
program with the contractor and approve it before the beginning of the next
following month.
(2) Situations for Changing the Watering Schedule
1) Watering operation shall be stopped during the raining period of
winter and spring. Therefore, the watering schedule shall be subject to change
during this period. In this case, there is no need to obtain the supervising engineer
approval to change the schedule. Watering shall be stopped since commencing
rain, and the contractor has to coordinate with the supervising engineer in regard to
the following:
1. To specify the retained period; and this is determined in regard
to adequate rain amounts for watering plants.
2.
of floods.
2) If the hot temperature increases to its highest rates which will affect
the plants and harm them if things are not handled immediately.
In such case, the contractor is required to increase the watering
percentage to avoid damage. This will also obligate the contractor to change the
watering schedule in accordance with the new estimations regarding the weather
temperature, low moisture, and plants demand of water at this stage.
3) In case of reducing watering periods in regard to the Ministry
request, the contractor is obligated to perform this reduction. This reduction will
cause modifying the watering schedule.
4) As for the cases that the Ministry find it necessary to change the
watering schedule for any particular reason and in regard to the plants benefit, the
contractor has to be obligated to follow the Ministry instructions.
12. Maintaining Palms
Palms shall be provided with a special care in all operations, and in regard to
its vitality and growth.
(1) Watering
It is one of the important matters, and it should take care of the following:
1) Palms Newly Planted
Successful growth of new planted palms depend on the watering
method in accommodation to the following:
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1.
The watering operation shall continue daily and for the first forty
(40) days.
2. Palms shall be flooded with water to the area surrounding the
roots and to assure the nonexistence of air around the roots.
3.
3.
4.
dates to ripen.
2. To leave the excavation hole exposed to the sun for the purpose
of cleaning and airing it.
2) Treatment during plantation is performed in accordance to the
following:
1. The planted palm shall be addressed towards sunrise direction
and shall lean to sunset area.
2.
plantation.
3. During the plantation, the contractor has to bury the roots and
part of the main stock under the soil level without burying the core to avoid causing
mold.
4. To reserve the palm core and avoid its exposure to any hits
during transportation or plantation.
5. If the palms leaves are long and huge, a part shall be removed
and the rest shall be cut from the top in order not to cause palm bend.
(3) Protecting Newly Planted Palms
1) Protecting newly planted palms means to cover it in a sackcloth; the
area where the greenery group meet the main stock. This protection is performed
for the following reasons:
1. To protect the grown top (palm core) from dryness as a result of
high temperature caused by direct sun rays and therefore, its chances to live
become low.
2. To protect newly planted palms from severe cold weather during
the first phase of plantation.
2) Method of Protection
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1. Cover fifty (50) cm. of height around the main stock and one
hundred (100) cm. of height around the greenery group to assure full protection for
the palm core.
2. To bind protected area, it shall be bound from top, middle, and
bottom, two un-tight binds in order to avoid affecting the palm core.
3) To remove the sackcloth cover from palms after the growth of new
leaves and being confident of successful plantation after the growth of new leaves.
The cover shall be removed so that the grown top is exposed to sun and air.
Continuous covering shall cause lots of damages as follows:
1.
sun light.
2. Continuity of cover shall lead to insects gathering and which will
cause palm disease and death.
(4) Trimming of Palms
Palms shall be trimmed once a year to remove dry leaves.
1) Periods for performing the trimming and smoothing operation.
There are two times to perform this operation and they are:
1.
2.
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2.
3.
4.
sleeves.
and vitality.
5) Method of Pollination
1. After completion of the spadix growth, the pollination man shall
climb up to the palm to perform the pollination by putting an adequate quantity of the
pollination seeds from 1-5 in each female date bunch. It shall be put upside down to
enable the pollination seed to fall down on the female flowers, and it shall be bound
around the date bunch for a few days.
2. The pollination operation shall be performed immediately after
the opening of the female date bunch because any delay would cause less fertility.
(6) Palm Curving
This operation means to modify the palm case after completion of the
pollination and fruit clutch to take its normal position in curving down.
This operation is performed when dates begin to be big in order to avoid
disorder with the leaves which will hinder its growth and dates collection after ripen.
1) Curving Time
This curving operation shall be performed in accordance with the
palm case and with the following:
1.
2.
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3.
2) Curving Method
The date branch shall fall down and pull its neighboring leaves in
accordance to its case.
(7) To Adjust the Curved Palms
Some facts would cause the palm to bend and form a lean position as a
result of uneven growth or car accidents which will cause the palm inclination from
its straight position.
Therefore, the contractor has to adjust curved palms, or he has to inform
the supervising engineer to adjust such palms to form a straight position without any
bending or inclination.
(8) Fertilizing Palms
A great care shall be provided to fertilization in order to substitute the soil
food elements by applying organic and chemical fertilizers that were mentioned
before.
(9) Protection Against Insects and Diseases
1.
Main Line
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking; there are two types of leaking.
1) The First Type
Severe leaking is a result of a break in the main line, and this will be
clear in the pumping station that the pressure would go down less than the required
measure limits. The pumping machine will stop automatically as well as the
substitute one. An additional light shall be exposed to indicate low pressure and
cease of the pumping work.
(2) To be certain of the working of the valve air vacuous:
The leaking shall exist as a result of the blemish.
2.
Tube Boxes
(1) To be sure of the box safety of any break.
(2) To be sure of the good work (go back to the factoring instructions and the
design plans) and to be sure of reducing the pressure.
(3) The overall inside and outside cleaning of the box, and to be sure of no
water leaking to the inside of the box.
3.
(2) To be sure of the right direction for the sprayers (go back to the design
plans).
(3) To clean the filter periodically, and this filter is located inside the sprayers.
As for the water dripping, the following has to be noted:
1) To clean the main filter periodically and to assure it is clean and
undamaged.
2) To be sure of opening the dripping holes.
3) To be sure of the tubes joints safety between the dripping and the
plants.
4.
The contractor has to perform the periodical maintenance for the drippings,
and especially for the following:
(1) To be sure of nonexistence of any breaks in the dripping body and to
replace the damaged ones.
(2) To be sure of the nonexistence of any breaks in the tube (flexible tube) and
to replace the damaged one, if any. Also, to be sure the tube is clean and the
nonexistence of any obstructions.
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(3) To disconnect the dripping from the main watering tube and then wash the
dripper with clean water and to remove the salt settled on it.
(4) To replace the damaged filter of drippers.
(5) To install the final drippers and make a test to be sure of the work accuracy
and the quantity of water coming out of each dripper.
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5.
(1) To assure the nonexistence of any leaking out from the sprayer. This is
clear if there is a water gathering around the sprayer area.
(2) To maintain the sprayer:
1) To disconnect the sprayer and clean the water drainage. It has to be
noted not to use an iron material as iron wires in cleaning the drainage which will
cause it to widen and lead to a change in the watering design. The cleaning is
executed by pressured air and water.
2) The sprayer filter shall be cleaned periodically to preserve the
appropriate water and that the sprayers shall last longer.
6.
(1) To be sure of the control machine box safety and the nonexistence of any
damage or rust to the outside body and the box door.
(2) To be sure of the safety of all electrical joints and make sure of its good
condition and replacing the damaged ones.
(3) To be sure of the machine operating keys and its being in good condition
and that the machine is working accurately. Also, the damaged keys shall be
replaced.
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