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Advanced Topics in Biomedical Engineering
Advanced Topics in Biomedical Engineering
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Presentation Intent
Introduction
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic waves based biomedical applications
RF sensors for biomedical applications
General discussion on current and future research
INTRODUCTION
Hybrid research environment
Biology and Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPECTRUM
Doppler ultrasonography
Sonar communication
X-rays
X-rays are generated from firing high speed electrons from cathode onto anode in a tube.
Patient is placed between X-ray tube and silver halide film
X-rays passed through the body are absorbed in direct proportion to tissue density
X-rays penetrating the body strike the silver halide film and turn it dark
The more x-rays that penetrate, the darker the area inscribed on the film
Bones & metal absorb or reflect X-rays in less amount so film is lighter or more white
Contrast agents absorbs more photons than the surrounding tissue so appears lighter
These contrast agents can be injected, swallowed, or given by enema
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X-rays
X-rays
X-rays
Classic X-ray view of Lung Infiltrates caused by Pneumonia.
Notice the increased whiteness close to the sternum
X-rays
X-ray view of broken ribs in an infant .
caused by child abuse. Specifically, by holding the baby by the chest and shaking him
violently.
The table moves the patient back and forth through the revolving X-ray emissions
The X-ray emitter moves (revolves) in a 360 degree arc around the patient
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Purple area
denotes
destruction of
normal brain
tissue which is
colored green
Since most of the body is H2O, the Hydrogen nucleus is especially prevalent
Open MRI
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Ultrasound Imagining
Sound waves above 20 KHz are usually called as ultrasound waves.
Sound waves propagate mechanical energy causing periodic vibration of particles in a continuous,
elastic medium.
Sound waves cannot propagate in a vacuum since there are no particles of matter in the vacuum.
The velocity of the sound in
Air: 331 m/sec; Water: 1430 m/sec
Soft tissue: 1540 m/sec; Fat: 1450 m/sec
Ultrasound medical imaging: 2MHz to 10 MHz
2 MHz to 5 MHz frequencies are more common.
5 MHz ultrasound beam has a wavelength of 0.308 mm in soft tissue with a velocity of 1540
m/sec.
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Ultrasound Imagining
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Doppler Ultrasonography
Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that changes sound waves into
an image that can be viewed on a monitor.
Doppler ultrasonography can detect the direction, velocity,
and turbulence of blood flow.
It is frequently used to detect problems with heart values or
to measure blood flow through the arteries.
Specifically, it is useful in the work up of stroke patients,
in assessing blood flow in the abdomen or legs, and in
viewing the heart to monitor carotid artery diseases.
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Sonar Communication
Communication using sound waves.
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While using a cane can improve balance, wearing a glove with a vibrating fingertip might improve sense
of touch.
Georgia Tech researchers are designing such a device which is capable of improving common sensory
and motor skill tasks, including two-point discrimination, single-point touch, texture discrimination and
grasp tests.
The device uses an actuator made of a piezoelectric material to generate high-frequency vibration. The
actuator is attached to the side of the fingertip so that the palm-side of the finger remains free and the
individual wearing the glove can continue to manipulate objects.
This device may one day be used to assist individuals whose jobs require high-precision manual
dexterity or those with medical conditions that reduce their sense of touch, said Jun Ueda, an
assistant professor in the Woodruff School of Mechanical
Engineering at Georgia Tech.
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Your Turn
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