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Ahn 2005 Allelopathy
Ahn 2005 Allelopathy
Ahn 2005 Allelopathy
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the allelopathic potential of 78 local Korean rice varieties on the height, leaf area, and
straw and leaf dry weights of Echinochloa in a paddy eld. Correlations between genetic and morphological characteristics of rice
varieties and allelopathic potential were conrmed, with Buldo (56.1%) and Agudo (54.4%) showing the highest average inhibitory
effects on barnyard grass. The average inhibition percentage on barnyard grass height, tiller number, total dry weight, straw dry
weight, and leaf dry weight ranged from 5.1% to 31.3% depending on the variety. Various characteristics of the varieties showed
different allelopathic effects. In crop morphology, there were no differences associated with the presence or absence of an awn, nor
with the awn colour. The inhibitory effects for coloured hulls (16.0%) were greater than colourless hulls (23.9%). There was an
increasing trend for inhibitory potential from late to early maturity of the variety. These results suggest that the allelopathic
potential differed between rice varieties and that genetic and morphological rice characteristics could be used as selection markers
for allelopathic rice varieties.
r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Echinochloa; Genetic; Morphological; Characteristics; Variety
1. Introduction
Since crop plants were rst cultivated, weed control
has been an important aspect of their management
practices. Although the use of herbicides is a simple and
effective method for weed control used worldwide,
heavy use of herbicides may cause problems of environmental pollution that affect both animal and human
health (Chung et al., 1997; Stephenson, 2000).
For this reason, various other methods of weed
control have been studied. In particular, the exploitation
of allelopathic properties in plants may give promising
results (Chung et al., 2003). Allelopathy was was dened
by Rice (1984) to mean the direct or indirect harmful or
benecial effects of one plant on another through the
Corresponding author. Tel.:+82 2 450 3730; fax:+82 2 446 7856.
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30cm
15cm
Rice
B
Barnyardgrass
Fig. 1. Diagram of additive experiment method.
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Table 1
Inhibitory effects of 78 rice varieties on the growth of barnyard grass in the paddy eld
Varieties
26.8
23.6
20.4
20.9
25.5
22.3
23.6
25.5
26.9
23.4
27.6
23.5
21.9
21.3
23.4
24.3
20.7
24.4
22.9
26.0
24.0
20.2
22.6
23.1
22.7
22.0
28.8
23.5
25.7
25.3
26.6
25.2
25.3
22.9
21.8
24.8
23.4
25.6
25.5
23.3
22.1
23.9
23.1
23.8
23.8
24.4
21.8
25.6
24.7
24.6
23.8
21.7
28.3
23.8
27.9
26.2
26.9
23.7
23.1
Height
15.5
4.5
0
6.6
8.5
0.8
10.2
10.0
2.6
7.4
5.2
9.1
0.8
6.2
0.2
5.6
19.3
7.1
8.2
0
6.1
9.9
2.3
0
2.5
0
0
18.6
5.2
9.1
0.8
7.4
8.5
0
0
4.2
0
0
0
0
0
22.4
19.1
9.3
22.4
15.5
15.9
6.7
5.6
0
0
0
0
25.4
0
0
3.1
1.6
0
Tiller No.
0
73.3
23.3
3.3
40.0
33.3
33.3
33.3
40.0
36.7
3.3
0
20.0
50.0
63.3
0
36.7
73.3
0
36.7
10.0
36.7
56.7
46.7
30.0
0
3.3
13.3
3.3
0
33.3
36.7
3.3
43.3
23.3
46.7
33.3
6.7
0
56.7
26.7
20.0
33.3
13.3
20.0
0
0
3.3
0
46.7
63.3
73.3
10.0
36.7
60.0
60.0
33.3
33.3
16.7
Leaf area
19.5
79.1
15.4
20.5
33.7
59.6
28.0
46.7
25.9
41.9
13.9
22.6
30.1
45.4
45.3
0
59.0
70.6
11.6
37.9
11.2
46.1
74.2
13.4
1.4
0
24.7
35.0
13.9
22.6
59.6
41.9
19.2
15.8
22.8
44.2
4.0
9.3
0
54.9
10.4
41.0
43.1
25.5
41.0
19.9
0
20.5
0
50.4
36.5
60.6
18.8
52.4
69.5
43.6
24.8
32.3
8.8
Dry weight
Average
Straw
Leaf
Total
Inhibition (%)
16.4
68.9
23.5
4.2
28.9
12.7
14.6
51.5
19.9
22.9
0
23.3
0
25.1
30.3
0
20.0
52.0
8.9
6.9
0
33.3
64.5
40.4
0
0
16.2
33.5
0
23.3
12.7
22.9
0
22.5
0.2
16.7
12.0
0
0
65.4
37.2
34.8
14.1
0
34.8
16.4
0
4.2
0
26.9
22.0
12.7
23.3
32.8
46.7
48.8
12.5
35.1
0
30.2
44.1
24.1
26.4
42.7
50.7
36.3
60.4
42.5
44.6
15.7
21.4
30.9
43.9
48.5
5.1
59.0
71.6
13.9
46.4
28.3
43.8
34.3
22.8
16.3
3.4
24.2
31.8
15.7
21.4
50.7
44.6
16.0
18.5
24.6
45.7
17.5
13.0
0
46.7
21.4
54.0
49.0
24.3
54.0
30.2
3.7
26.4
5.1
46.3
25.6
50.7
21.4
31.1
56.6
22.2
12.3
26.4
0
23.3
56.5
23.8
15.3
35.8
31.7
25.5
56.0
31.2
33.7
7.9
22.3
15.4
34.5
39.4
2.5
39.5
61.8
11.4
26.6
14.2
38.5
49.4
31.6
8.2
1.7
20.2
32.6
7.9
22.3
31.7
33.7
8.0
20.5
12.4
31.2
14.7
6.5
0
56.0
29.3
44.4
31.6
12.2
44.4
23.3
1.9
15.3
2.5
36.6
23.8
31.7
22.3
31.9
51.6
35.5
12.4
30.7
0
17.5
54.4
18.4
12.7
31.6
31.5
24.6
43.0
27.0
31.2
7.7
16.5
12.2
34.2
37.8
2.2
38.9
56.1
9.0
25.7
11.6
34.7
46.9
25.8
9.7
0.8
14.8
27.5
7.7
16.5
31.5
31.2
9.2
20.1
13.9
31.5
13.6
5.9
0
46.6
20.8
36.1
31.7
14.1
36.1
17.5
3.6
12.7
2.2
34.5
28.6
38.2
16.0
35.0
47.4
35.0
16.4
26.6
4.3
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Table 1 (continued )
Varieties
Height
Tiller No.
Leaf area
Dry weight
Average
Straw
Leaf
Total
Jeona
Jeongdaldo
Jeongjo
Jinhwa
Namkangbaekjo
Namseon 1
Noindari
Noindo
Oegukbyeo
Olbyeo
Patbyeo
Pyeongbuk 4
Pyeongyang
Sancheongdo
Sangpung
Sanjo
Seogandodo
Seungsiljo
Sinbaegseog
22.9
24.0
25.4
24.8
21.7
23.2
22.6
20.5
25.0
23.3
22.0
26.2
25.8
25.2
24.9
23.1
23.5
24.7
23.6
0.8
2.6
6.0
0.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.91
0
13.9
4.8
11.4
3.7
0
0
4.5
0
0
10.0
0
10.0
16.7
13.3
56.7
46.7
6.7
26.7
46.7
0
43.3
36.7
0
30.0
16.7
3.3
0
10.0
17.1
9.0
0
15.0
18.7
56.2
19.9
16.7
25.1
50.4
24.6
64.3
69.6
18.5
28.8
4.3
3.0
0
0
23.9
10.1
16.1
5.7
0
49.7
23.0
18.1
0
26.9
7.3
42.6
31.2
3.1
0
5.4
26.3
0
10.6
30.2
16.2
1.5
25.6
54.9
43.5
25.8
70.7
27.4
46.3
13.0
66.0
59.9
20.6
25.4
28.4
36.6
0
5.3
27.1
13.1
8.8
15.6
27.4
46.6
24.4
44.4
13.7
36.6
10.2
54.3
45.5
11.9
12.7
16.9
31.4
0
4.8
19.1
8.2
6.1
13.1
19.0
42.1
23.3
26.1
15.8
34.5
11.3
45.9
42.4
9.6
16.2
11.9
17.5
Average
24.0
5.1
25.6
29.1
19.0
31.3
21.2
22.5
2.5
13.9
42.1
42.3
41.2
42.6
39.1
31.8
LSD (0.05)
Table 2
Comparison of allelopathic potential of varieties with and without an awn
1000 grain weight (g)
Height
Tiller No.
Leaf area
Dry weight
Straw
Average
Leaf
Total
Inhibition (%)
Awn
Coloured
Colourless
Average
24.2
24.2
24.2
6.1
5.0
5.6
24.1
25.6
24.9
29.7
30.0
29.8
17.6
16.0
16.7
33.7
32.5
33.1
25.6
24.6
25.1
22.8
22.2
22.5
Awnless
23.6
4.3
27.1
27.5
24.4
27.2
25.8
22.7
0.8
3.1
10.3
10.1
8.9
9.1
8.2
7.0
LSD (0.05)
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Table 3
Comparison of allelopathic potential of varieties with coloured and colourless hulls
1000 grain weight (g)
Coloured hull
Colourless hull
Height
Tiller No.
Leaf area
24.3
24.0
6.1
4.9
15.6
27.6
22.8
30.4
0.9
3.4
11.0
10.9
LSD (0.05)
Dry weight
Average
Straw
Leaf
Total
Inhibition (%)
10.6
20.7
23.8
32.8
17.2
26.7
16.0
23.9
9.8
8.7
7.5
9.6
Table 4
Comparison of allelopathic potential according to time of maturation
1000 grain weight (g)
Early
Middle
Late
LSD (0.05)
Height
Tiller No.
Leaf area
23.8
24.0
24.3
8.2
3.5
3.5
19.3
23.5
33.8
26.0
27.5
33.7
0.8
3.0
10.0
10.0
Dry weight
Average
Straw
Leaf
Total
Inhibition (%)
14.3
20.2
22.7
29.2
31.9
32.9
21.7
26.1
27.8
19.8
22.1
25.7
9.1
8.1
6.9
8.8
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the nancial
support of the Rural Development Administration
made to the BioGreen 21 in 2003.
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