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Pronouns: Yo Nosotros, Nosotras Tú Vosotros, Vosotras Usted Ustedes Él Ellos Ella Ellas
Pronouns: Yo Nosotros, Nosotras Tú Vosotros, Vosotras Usted Ustedes Él Ellos Ella Ellas
I
you (familiar)
you (formal)
he
she
plural
nosotros, nosotras
vosotros, vosotras
ustedes
ellos
ellas
we
you (familiar, Spain)
you
they (masc.)
they (fem.)
2. Note the accent marks over t [to distinguish it from tu meaning your]
and l [to distinguish it from el meaning the].
3. Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a verb (the verb may be
implied); they are also used as the predicate complement after the
verb ser.
Yo prefiero coca-cola.
Es ella?
Quin lo hizo? Yo.
I prefer Coca-cola.
Is it her? [Is it she?]
Who did it? I did. [implied verb]
5. The masculine forms nosotros, vosotros, and ellos are used when
referring to a group of males and females; the feminine
forms nosotras, vosotras, and ellas are used only when the group consists
entirely of females.
Nosotras estamos cansadas.
A VERB since it is not a subject pronoun but rather a direct object pronoun
(or the neuter article used with adjectives). If it or its plural form they
is used as a subject pronoun referring to something definite, it is normally
omitted in Spanish; however, if for some reason it is essential to include
such a subject pronoun, it is sometimes expressed using: 1) the regular
masculine/feminine, singular/plural subject pronouns depending on the
gender and number of the thing(s) referred to [this is done primarily where
the thing can be personified], or 2) the neuter form ello if it refers to an
abstract idea or a general situation instead of something physical.
Es obvio que est nevando.
Jorge lost the ticket Juana gave him. It [his having lost
it] caused a whole series of disasters for the
family. [Ello can be used here,
but esto, eso or aquello would more be employed more
frequently.]
me
you
you (fam.)
him (formal)
her
plural
nosotros, nosotras
vosotros, vosotras
ustedes
ellos
ellas
us
you (familiar, Spain)
you
them
them (all female)
s himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
9. Examples:
Es para l o para ella?
No saldrn sin nosotros.
A m me gusta el chocolate.
10.Special cases:
11. Special forms are found for m, ti, and s after the preposition con:
conmigo with me
Vas conmigo?
contigo
Me gustara
salir contigo.
consigo
with himself/
herself/ yourself
No traen
dinero consigo.
me
you
him, you, it
her, you, it
plural
nos
os
los
las
us
you (fam. Spain)
them, you
them, you
se himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
14.These forms are used as the direct objects of verbs. Lo and la are used as
the direct object forms of usted, los and las for ustedes. THESE FORMS
MUST BE USED IF A PRONOUN IS REQUIRED FOR THE DIRECT OBJECT
AND THE VERB IS EXPRESSED. A prepositional phrase (e.g., a l, a ella, a
Me oyes?
Te necesito.
Lo conozco.
Lo conozco a l.
Lo conozco a usted.
15.Note that these are with-verb forms, and cannot be used if the verb is only
implied; in that case, the prepositional phrase forms are required: a l, a
ella, etc.
A quin vio Ud.? A ella?
No, a l.
to me
to you
to him, her, you, it
plural
nos
os
les
to us
to you (familiar, Spain)
to them, you
se to himself/herself/yourself/themselves/yourselves
17.These pronouns are used as the indirect objects of verbs. As with direct
object pronouns, they are required when the indirect object is a pronoun
(in contrast to a noun) but a prepositional phrase may be added for
clarification or emphasis.
Me hablas?
Me hablas a m?
Le dije la verdad.
Le dije la verdad a ella.
18.Since these are with-verb pronouns they cannot be used if the verb is only
implied. The preposition a plus prepositional object pronouns are used in
such cases:
A quin hablas? A m?
S, a t.
19.In contrast to the situation with direct object pronouns, indirect object
pronouns are normally used even when a noun is expressed as the indirect
object:
Veo a Carlos.
Le mando un regalo a Carlos.
Les escribo a todos.
20.Special situations:
21.When parts of the body and articles of clothing appear as the direct
object in Spanish, normally the definite article is used instead of the
possessive adjective (my, your, his); an indirect object pronoun is
used to indicate the person involved:
Me pongo los zapatos.
Ella se cort el dedo.
Les duelen los brazos.
I put on my shoes.
She cut her finger.
Their arms hurt.
Lo voy a ver.
Estamos buscndola.
OR:
La estamos buscando.
le lo:
les la:
le los:
I gave it to her.
I sent it to them.
We will give them to him/her.
Se lo di a ella.
Se la mand a ellos.
Se los regalaremos.
plural
ste
sta
esto
this one
this one
this
stos
stas
these
these
se
sa
eso
that one
that one
that
sos
sas
those
those
aqul
aqulla
aquello
that one
that one
that
aqullos
aqullas
those
those
nadie
nada
= no one, nobody
= nothing
each (one)
everyone
anyone (at all)
anything (whatsoever)
in this case the doer and the recipient of the action are the same. These
same plural forms may also be used to express reciprocal actions,
expressing the idea of (to/with/for/etc.) each other or one another.
Thus the expression nos miramoscan mean both we see ourselves (for
example, two of us are looking in the mirror and each of us sees both of
us) or it can mean we see each other (we pass each other on the street
and each one sees the other one). To distinguish between reflexive and
reciprocal actions, clarifying prepositional phrases are often added:
The usual clarifying prepositional phrases for reflexives, are:
nos + a nosotros(-as) mismos(-as)
= (to) ourselves
os + a vosotros(-as) mismos(-as)
= (to) yourselves (Spain, plural of t)
se + a s mismos(-as)
= (to) themselves, (to) you
Nos queremos a nosotros mismos.
We love ourselves.
Las chicas se cayeron y se hicieron dao a si
The girls fell down and hurt
mismas.
themselves.
= (to) each other (two persons, male or one male and one female)
= (to) each other (two persons, both female)
= (to) each other (more than two persons male or all male or
male and female)
= (to) each other (more than two persons, all female)