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Exam2 Sample Key
Exam2 Sample Key
4
V = V (t) = r3 ,
S = S(t) = 4r2
3
with the understanding that r = r(t) is also a function of time. Let us measure time in hours.
The minus sign in the model comes from the fact that the volume is decreasing and hence we
expect k to be a positive constant which we will compute using the given data in the problem.
Inserting the expressions for V and S into the governing equation we obtain
4 d(r3 )
1
dr
dr
= k 4r2 = 3r2 = kr2 =
= k.
3 dt
3
dt
dt
Solving this simple first order differential equations we get
r(t) = kt + C.
Initially (i.e. at t = 0) the diameter of the snowball is 4 in. which means that the radius is 2
in. Hence
r(0) = 2 = C = 0 = r(t) = 2 kt.
It is also given that the diameter after half an hour (i.e. at time t = 1/2) is 3 in. and hence
the radius is 3/2 in. when t = 1/2. Thus
r(1/2) =
3
1
3
= 2 k =
= k = 1 = r(t) = 2 t.
2
2
2
y 00 + 2y 0 + y = 0,
y(0) = 1,
y 0 (0) = 3.
y 00 + 2y 0 + 2y = 0,
y(0) = 2,
y 0 (0) = 1.
y 00 y = sin t e2t ,
y(0) = 1,
y 0 (0) = 1.
yp00 yp = sin t
yields
yp00 yp = e2t
yields
1
4Ae2t Ae2t = e2t = 3Ae2t = e2t = 3A = 1 = A = .
3
Hence,
1
yp (t) = e2t .
3
Hence a general solution to the DE given in the problem is
y(t) = c1 et + c2 et
1
1
sin t e2t .
2
3
1
4
= 1 = c1 + c2 = .
3
3
Also,
y 0 (t) = c1 et c2 et
1
2
cos t e2t .
2
3
1 2
1
= 1 = c1 c2 = .
2 3
6
Thus,
3
c1 = ,
4
Thus, the desired solution to the IVP is
c2 =
7
.
12
7
1
1
3
y(t) = et + et sin t e2t .
4
12
2
3
y 00 + 2y 0 + y = et