The document summarizes major events in American diplomacy and involvement in World War II from 1929-1945. It discusses Herbert Hoover's foreign policy of non-intervention, Japan's invasion of Manchuria, and FDR's Good Neighbor policy in Latin America. It also outlines the rise of fascism in Europe, America's shift from isolationism to supporting Britain through lend-lease, and the US entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Finally, it summarizes key battles and conferences in both the European and Pacific theaters that led to the Allied victory and the founding of the United Nations.
The document summarizes major events in American diplomacy and involvement in World War II from 1929-1945. It discusses Herbert Hoover's foreign policy of non-intervention, Japan's invasion of Manchuria, and FDR's Good Neighbor policy in Latin America. It also outlines the rise of fascism in Europe, America's shift from isolationism to supporting Britain through lend-lease, and the US entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Finally, it summarizes key battles and conferences in both the European and Pacific theaters that led to the Allied victory and the founding of the United Nations.
The document summarizes major events in American diplomacy and involvement in World War II from 1929-1945. It discusses Herbert Hoover's foreign policy of non-intervention, Japan's invasion of Manchuria, and FDR's Good Neighbor policy in Latin America. It also outlines the rise of fascism in Europe, America's shift from isolationism to supporting Britain through lend-lease, and the US entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Finally, it summarizes key battles and conferences in both the European and Pacific theaters that led to the Allied victory and the founding of the United Nations.
The document summarizes major events in American diplomacy and involvement in World War II from 1929-1945. It discusses Herbert Hoover's foreign policy of non-intervention, Japan's invasion of Manchuria, and FDR's Good Neighbor policy in Latin America. It also outlines the rise of fascism in Europe, America's shift from isolationism to supporting Britain through lend-lease, and the US entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Finally, it summarizes key battles and conferences in both the European and Pacific theaters that led to the Allied victory and the founding of the United Nations.
1929-1945 Herbert Hoover’s Foreign Policy Japanese Aggression in Manchuria • Japan took over Manchuria in September 1931, and renamed it Manchukuo • League of Nations condemned Japan, but nothing else • Stimson Doctrine – The US refused to recognize the regime of Manchukuo Latin America • Hoover stopped interventional policies – Troops left Nicaragua and Haiti Franklin Roosevelt’s Policies 1933-1938 • Good-Neighbor Policy – Pan-American Conferences • Roosevelt promised to give later problems to the arbitration • Promised help against anyone who was aggressive – Cuba • Removed the Platt Amendment – Mexico • Mexican President Cardenas took over oil properties • Roosevelt convinced Americans to settle Economic Diplomacy • Recognition of the Soviet Union • Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) – Independence for Philippines • Reciprocal Trade Agreements – Roosevelt reduced tariffs on foreign imports Events Abroad: Fascism and Aggressive Militarism • Dictators rose up in Italy, Japan, and Germany • Italy – Mussolini – Fascist • Germany – Hitler – Nazi – Anti-Semitic • Japan – Nationalist, Militarist American Isolationists • Revisionist history of WW1 – People continued to preach that the US entrance into the War was a dire mistake Neutrality Acts • Neutrality Act of 1935 – Forbid travel and trade with aggressive nations • Neutrality Act of 1936 – Forbid loans to aggressive nations • Neutrality Act of 1937 – Forbid arms trade with nations involved with the Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War • Fascists, with General Franco, were fighting with the Loyalists • US remained neutral • Franco won, and established a dictatorship Prelude to War • Appeasement – Ethiopia, 1935 • Mussolini took over Ethiopia. LON gave in. – Rhineland, 1936 • German troops militarized the Rhineland. – China, 1937 • Japan invaded china. US ship Panay sunk. – Sudetenland, 1938 • Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia. Conference at Munich ensues. Results • Finally, the US decides to help quarantine the Axis powers • Arms buildup ensued. From Neutrality to War, 1939-1941 Outbreak of War in Europe • Appeasement failed • Invasion of Poland – Germany invaded Poland – Britain and France declare war • Blitzkrieg – ‘Lightning War’ – Germany took over Scandinavia, Denmark, and Norway, then France Changing US Policy • Cash and Carry Policy – Allowed Britain to buy arms with cash • Selective Service Act (1940) – Drafted men between 21 and 35 • Destroyers For Bases deal – Britain gave the US permission to build bases on British soil, and the US gave Britain 50 ships The Election of 1940 • Republican – Wendell Willkie • Democrat – Franklin Roosevelt (3rd term) • Roosevelt won (Again) Arsenal of Democracy • Four Freedoms – Justified lending money to Britain • Lend-Lease Act – Arms were given to Britain on credit • Atlantic Charter – Defined US and Britain peace objectives • Shoot On Sight – Protect Britain ships from German submarines Dispute With Japan • Economic Action – Roosevelt stopped trade with Japan, and later froze it’s assets in the US and cut off their access to oil Pearl Harbor • On Sunday, December 7th, 1941, Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor, killing thousands • The US declared war on Japan, one day later World War II: The Home Front Industrial Production • The War Production Board was set up to manage war industries • The Office of War Mobilization was set up to control raw materials • The Office of Price Administration regulated all aspects of civilian life (How is that different from fascism? *shakes head*) • Smith Connally Anti-Strike Act of 1943 – The government could take over strike-ridden businesses Impact on Society • African Americans – Joined the war effort – Discrimination abounded – Congregation of Racial Equality • Smith vs. Allwright – Ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to blacks Impact on Society • Mexicans – Worked in wartime industries and the military – Braceros (farmers) were allowed to enter the nation without papers – Zoot Suit Riots in 1943 • Whites and Mexicans fought over the streets Native Americans • Worked in the military and wartime industries. Japanese Americans • Suspected as spies • 100,000 Japanese put into camps • Korematsu vs. US – Upheld relocation based on wartime crisis Women • Many women served in the military, and the others fell in to replace the men in the working class The Election of 1994 • Democrats – FDR nominated (4th term) • Republicans – Thomas Dewey • FDR won again :) World War II: The Battlefronts Fighting in Germany • Defense at sea, Attacks by air – Focused on • Defeating the submarines • Bombing the German cities • From North Africa to Italy – Allies had to retake Africa (Operation Torch) – Took over Sicily, and Mussolini fell • From D Day to Victory in Europe – British, Canadian, and US forces invaded France • German Surrender and Discovery of the Holocaust – Hitler commits suicide, Nazi armies surrender – 6 million Jews were systemically murdered Fighting Japan • Turning Point, 1942 – Battle of the Coral Sea • US stopped a Japanese invasionary force – Battle of Midway • Japanese messages were decoded and four Japanese carriers were destroyed (And 300 planes) • Island Hopping – Took over Japanese islands one by one • Major Battles – Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944) – Battle of Okinawa (1945) The Atomic Bomb • Directed by Oppenheimer • Tested in Alamogordo in New Mexico • Bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Japan surrendered aboard the Missouri Wartime Conferences • Casablanca – Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to invade Sicily • Teheran – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to invade France • Yalta – Germany would be divided – Free elections – Soviets would declare war against Japan – Soviets would control the Sakhalin island – The United Nations would be founded • Soon after Yalta, Roosevelt died, and Churchill was replaced. The War’s Legacy • Costs – 300,000 American's died – 320 billion spent • United Nations founded on October 24th, 1945