MATH 103A Exercises 1

April 8, 2016

1.4.4: 2

The book already tells us that

ln r =

1
ln[(x )2 + (y )2 ]
2

We will show that ln(r) = 0. I used Mathematica for simplification.

2 1
2 1
2
2
ln[(x

)
+
(y

)
]
+
ln[(x )2 + (y )2 ]
x2 2
y 2 2

y
[
]+
x ( x)2 + (B )2
y (( x)2 + (B )2 )
( 2 2x 2 + 2y + x2 y 2 )
( 2 + 2 + 2x x2 2y + y 2 )
+
( 2 + 2 2x + x2 2y + y 2 )2
( 2 2x + 2 2y + x2 + y 2 )2
which equals zero, since the numerator terms cancel out.

1.4.4: 3

We utilize Greens third identity.

1
ln ru(z)dxdy
u() = 2

u() =

1
2

v() =

1
2

1
2

q
ln r
(ln r n
(z) u(z) n
)ds

(ln( 1r ) n
(z) u(z) n
ln( 1r ))ds

(ln( 1r ) n
(z) v(z) n
ln( 1r ))ds

Similarly,

We assumed that u(z) = v(z) and

u() = v().

u
n (z)

v
n (z);

thus we have proven that

1.4.4: 8

From exercise 1.7,

u() =

1
2

ln r(0)dxdy

1
2

q
ln r
(ln r n
(z) u(z) n
)ds

where this is just Greens third identity with u = 0.

q
1
ln r
1
0dxdy 2
(ln r n
(0) u(0) n
)ds
u(0) = 2

1
2R

u(z)ds =
C

1
2

u(R cos , R sin )d

0

1.4.4: 10

a)
V =< A, B >
Then,
V (z(s)) N (z(s))ds = Ady Bdx
b)

V N ds =

Ady Bdx

A B
+
)dxdy =
(
y
x

V dxdy

c)
I am convinced.
d)
I am convinced.
e)
I am convinced. I worked with fluids, where we must determine the divergence of the volume flux is zero to determine compressibility.

2.1: 2

If u = ex g(y) is harmonic, then

u = (ex g(y))xx + (ex g(y))yy = 0

u = ex g(y) + ex g 00 (y) = 0
u = ex (g 00 (y) + g(y)) = 0
In order for u to be harmonic, g 00 (y) + g(y) must equal zero. We check if
g(y) = A cos(y) + B sin(y) is a solution by substitution.
g 00 (y) + g(y) = 0
[A cos(y) B sin(y)] + [A cos(y) + B sin(y)] = 0
which is true.
Thus g(y) must be in the form of A cos(y) + B sin(y).

2.1: 3

First, we need to show that uxx + uyy = 0. We are given ux = vy , which implies
uxx = v yx . We are also given vx = uy , which implies vxy = uyy . Then we
can substitue in for uxx and uyy .
vyx vxy = 0,
which we know is true because you can take a mixed partial derivative in
any order.
Similarly, we show that vxx + vyy = 0. We are given ux = vy , which implies
uxy = v yy . We are also given vx = uy , which implies vxx = uyx . Then we
can substitue in for vxx and vyy .
uyx + uxy = 0,
which we know is true for the same reason.
Thus, u and v are each harmonic functions.

2.1: 8

Theorem 1, formula (i):

u
(z)ds = 0
n

a)
Given:
3

u(r cos , r sin ) = r2 cos(2)

b)
Given:
u
n

c)
Fix r = R, and let =

u
r

= 2r cos(2)

s
R

u
= 2R cos(2)
r
u
s
= 2R cos(2 )
r
R
d)

u
ds =
n

= R2 sin(

2R

2R cos(
0

2s
)ds
R

2(0)
2(2R)
) R2 sin(
)=0
R
R

2.2.1: 3

a)
Observation.
b)
Observation.
c)
All points with zero temperature are points on the unit circle (the boundary).
d)

u
ds =
n

=
0

( ln |z|)ds
z

1
2
ds =
z
z

On the unit circle, z = 1, so the net temperature flux is 2.

e)
The negative sign means that heat must be flowing out of the circle everywhere, and implies that the source of heat is from the center.
f)
The origin is treated as an inextinguishable source of heat.
g)
For any radius circle centered at the origin, the heat flow across each circle
is the same.
4

2.2.1: 6

a)
We notice that
f (a) =

(a) a
=0
ba

f (b) =

(b) a
=1
ba

and f (r) is harmonic (in 1D) since it satisfies the Laplacian:

f (r) =

r
a
2 r a
2
2
(
(
(
)
=
)

)
r2 b a
r2 b a
r2 b a
=

1
(
)0=0
r b a

b)
We notice that
u(a, ) =

ln(a) ln(a)
=0
ln(b) ln(a)

u(b, ) =

ln(b) ln(a)
=1
ln(b) ln(a)

and u(r, ) is harmonic (in 2D) since it satisfies the Laplacian:

u(r, ) =

2 ln(r) ln(a) 1 ln(r) ln(a)

1 2 ln(r) ln(a)
+
+
r2 ln(b) ln(a) r r ln(b) ln(a) r2 2 ln(b) ln(a)
=

1
1
1
+
+0=0
r2 (ln(a) ln(b)) r r(ln(b) ln(a))
=

1
1

=0
r2 (ln(a) ln(b)) r2 (ln(a) ln(b))

c)
We see that f (r) from part a does not satisfy the laplacian in 2D:
f (r) =

1 ra
1 2 r a
2 r a
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
r2 b a
r r b a
r2 2 b a

=0+

1
r
1 a
(
)+
(
)+0
r r b a
r r b a
=

1 1
+ 0 6= 0
rba

so u(r, ) is unique for 2D cases.

5

10

2.2.2: 1

a) F (our assumption does not include if q is harmonic)

b) F (our assumption does not tell us if q is a continuous function on itself)
c) T (by definition of Bump principle)
d) T (by continuity; expected consequence)
e) T (by continuity)

11

2.2.3: 1

a) T (since |z| = 1, any equality between u(z) and v(z) is true for all z insude
the disc)
b) T (same reason as above)
c) T (u(0) is constant, then u(z) must be constant inside the disc and its
boundary)
d) F (if u = 0, which is the boundary of the circle, u cannot equal A ln |z| for
A being nonzero)
e) T (u is constant in a plane)
f ) T (same reason above)

12

2.3: 2bc
1
2R

uds

b)
= 0; x = y = 0
2 0
1
2(1) 0 (e cos(0))ds
=

1
2

2
0

1ds

=1
c)
= (1, 0); x = 1, y = 0
1
2(0.5)
1

2
0
1

2
0

ln(z)ds

p
ln( x2 + y 2 )ds
2
0

ln(1)ds

=0
6

13

2.3: 4b
2

1
2

u(R, )d

b)
= (1, 1); x = 1, y = 1
Since u(z) = 1 + (1) = 0, then u(R, ) = 0
1
2

2
0

0d

=0

14

2.3: 5b

u(x, y)dxdy
D

b)
= (1, 0); x = 1, y = 0

p
ln( x2 + y 2 )dxdy
D

1
2

ln 1rdrd
0

1
2

(0)d
0

=0