EINSTEIN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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Sir.C.V.Raman Nagar, Tirunelveli-12

Department of Mechanical Engineering

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ME57- Dynamics lab

Name

Reg No

Branch

Year & Semester

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name of the Experiment

Page

Marks

No

Experiment

Determination of speed and

sensitivity for watt governor

Determination of speed and

sensitivity for proell governor

Remarks

Initial

Determination of speed and

sensitivity for hardnell governor

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Determination of speed and

sensitivity for porter governor

Determination of moment of
inertia by oscillation method

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Staff

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Date of

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Sl.No

Cam study model

Determination of whirling speed

of shaft

Page 1 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

8

Balancing of rotating mass

Determination of natural
frequency in vibrating table

12

Multi degree of freedom

suspension

Determination of natural
frequency of transverse
vibration

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13

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11

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Study on balancing of
reciprocating mass

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Verification of gyroscopic
relation

Page 2 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR
WATT GOVERNOR
DATE:
EXP NO: 1
Aim:

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To determine the speed and sensitivity of the Watt Governor.

Apparatus Required:

N2-Maximum speed

N1-Minimum speed

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2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1

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1. Speed, N = (895/h) rpm h-sleeve lift

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1.Watt governor set up.

2.tachometer
3.dimmer
Formula:

N-Mean speed

Procedure:

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1. The watt governor assembly is mounted over the spindle.

2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of
tachometer.
3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are
noted.
4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated.
5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Page 3 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:

Motor speed (rpm)

Sleeve lift (h)

Governor speed (N)

(mm)

(rpm)

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Calculation:

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Sl.no

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Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) What is watt governor?
2) Difference between function of flywheel and governor?
3) What are the limitations of watt governor?
4) Explain working principle of watt governor?

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5) What is height of a watt governor?

Result:
At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.

Page 5 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR
PROELL GOVERNOR
Date:
Exp No:2

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the proell Governor.

Apparatus Required:

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1.Proell governor.
2.Tachometer.
3.Dimmer.

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Aim:

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Formula:
N = FM/BM x (m+M/m) x 895/h.
Where,

FM/BM-proell link ratio =0.57. M-mass of the sleeve assembly=2.25kg

m-mass of the ball = 0.092 kg.

Sensitivity=N/N2-N1

h-sleeve lift

N2-Maximum speed

N1-Minimum speed

N-Mean speed

Procedure:

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1. The proell governor assembly is mounted over the spindle.

2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of
tachometer.
3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are
noted.
4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated.
5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Page 6 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:
MOTOR
SPEED (rpm)

SLEEVE LIFT(h)

GOVERNORSPEED( N)

(mm)

rpm

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Calculation:

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Sl.NO

Page 7 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) Explain proell governor working principle?
2) What is controlling force?
3) Explain the term power of governor?
4) Explain the term Hunting of governor?

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5) Why is it that the speed ranges of a proell governor less than that of porter governor?

Result:
At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.
Page 8 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR
PORTER GOVERNOR
Date:
Exp No:3

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the porter governor.

1. Porter governor.
2. Tachometer.
3. Dimmer.
Formula:

h-sleeve lift

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M-mass of the sleeve assembly =2.25 kg

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1. Governor speed n = (m+M/m) * (895/h) rpm.

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Apparatus required:

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Aim:

m-mass of the each ball=0.225 kg

2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1

N-Mean speed

N2-Maximum speed

N1-Minimum speed

Procedure:

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1. The porter governor assembly is mounted over the spindle.

2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of
tachometer.
3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are
noted.
4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated.
5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Page 9 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:
S.No

Sleeve Lift (h)

Governor speed (N)

(mm)

(rpm)

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Calculation:

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Motor Speed (rpm)

Page 10 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
1) Explain working principle of porter governor?
2) Explain the terms stable and unstable of governor?
3) What is spring controlled governor?
4) Define power of porter governor?

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5) What is effort of porter governor?

Result:
At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.
Page 11 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR
HART NELL GOVERNOR
Date:
Exp No:4

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the Hart Nell governor.

Apparatus Required:

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1. Hart Nell governor

2. Tachometer.
3. Dimmer.
Formula:

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Aim:

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1. Governor speed n = (m+M/m) * (895/h) rpm.

M-mass of the sleeve assembly =2.25 kg

h-sleeve lift

m-mass of the each ball=0.225 kg

2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1

N-Mean speed

N2-Maximum speed

N1-Minimum speed

Procedure:

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1. The porter governor assembly is mounted over the spindle.

2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of
tachometer.
3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are
noted.
4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated.
5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Page 12 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:
Motor Speed
(rpm)

Sleeve Lift (h)

Governor speed (N)

(mm)

(rpm)

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Calculation:

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Sl.No

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Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
1) Compare gravity-controlled and spring controlled governor?
2) Working principle of hartnell governor?
3) What is sensitiveness of a governor?
4) Types of spring controlled governor?

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5) Define centrifugal governor?

Result:
At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.

Page 14 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF MOMENT OF INERTIA
BY OSCILATION
Date:
Exp No:5

To determine the moment of inertia by oscillation method.

1. Fly wheel

3. Main Frame

2. Chucks

4. Connecting rod.

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Apparatus Required:

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Aim:

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Formula Used:
1. Polar moment of inertia (J) = /32xd4 m4

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d-dia of the connecting rod ends

2. Torsional Rigidity (q) =GJ/l N-M

G-Modulus of rigidity of material=0.79x1011

l-Length of the connecting rod

3. Moment of Inertia (I) =4q/ 2f2 =4qt2p/

Procedure:

kg-m2

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1. The connecting rod for which the moment of inertia is to be found is fixed the inner
diameter of the rod is measured by various points.
2. The mean diameter is taken as the diameter of the rod.
3. The rod is fixed at both at the top of the chuck and the flywheel and the length
between two points is measured then a small twist is given to the flywheel and is
released.
4. The time taken for the 5 oscillation is noted in the tabular column.
5. The same experiment is repeated for various lengths and at different diameter the
experiment is done by adding the weight of flywheel and the reading are noted
down.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:

End
position

T
(sec)

tp =
t/n

Diameter of
rod

Moment of
inertia

(mm)

(mm)

Kg-m2

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Calculation:

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Sl.no

Length of
rod

Page 16 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) What is polar moment of inertia?
2) What is big end & small end?
3) What is the function of connecting rod?
4) What is co-efficient of fluctuation of speed?

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5) What is mass moment of inertia?

Result:
Thus the moment of inertia of the given rod is calculated and tabulated.
Page 17 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

CAM STUDY MODEL
Date:
Exp No:6
AIM:
To draw the displacement diagram for various cam profile and various followers.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED:

PROCEDURE:

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1) Experimental setup 2) Flat, Roller, Knife edge follower 3) Cams

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1.Taka a paper of size 40cm x 15cm, use scale for x-axis as 1cm = 10 of rotation of cam.
2.Take height of lift as10cm.
3. Plot displacement diagram for given cam profile.
4.Fit graph paper on drum. set 0 as a starting point to lift.
5.Give gradual rotation to complot displacement diagram on graph.
6.Compare solution obtained by graphical. Do this for other cam profile and follower.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:
Roller follower
Displacement

Degree

Knife edge follower

Displacement

Degree

Displacement

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Calculation:

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Degree

Mushroom follower

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Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
1) Classification of cams and followers?
2) Types of follower motion?
3) Explain cam function?
4) Define pressure angle?

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5) Explain the term maximum fluctuation of energy?

RESULT:
Thus the displacement diagrams are drawn for the given follower and various cams.
Page 20 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF WHIRLING SPEED
OF THE SHAFT
Date:
Exp No:7

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Aim:

To determine the whirling speed of a shaft at various supporting condition.

4. Vernier caliper

5. Steel rule

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3. Tachometer

2. Various support and bearings.

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1. Whirling shaft apparatus

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Apparatus required:

Formula Used:

1. Deflection =h2-h1 cm

h1-minimum deflection, h2-maximum deflection

2. Whirling speed=1/2 g/ rpm

g-gravity 9.81

Procedure:

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1. First fixing the arrangement, are selected.

2. The shafts are fixed firmly on the suitable bearing and tighten it.
3. Then the motor is switched on and speed of the motor is increased.
4. The modes of shaft vibration are noted. By using the formula the frequency at various
vibrations calculated.
5. Same procedure repeated using various diameter (4,6 and 8mm) of shaft.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:

Length
of shaft

(mm)

(cm)

Speed
(N)
rpm

Weight of the shaft per unit

length (w)
h1

h2

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

Whirling speed
(rpm)

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Diameter
of shaft

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Calcultion:

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Sl.No

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) What is whirling speed?
2) Define amplitude?
3) Define resonance?
4) What is Damper & types of damper?

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5) Define degree of freedom?

Result:
Thus the whirling speed of the various shaft at various end condition are calculated.
Page 23 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

BALANCING OF ROTATING MASS
Date:
Exp No:8

Aim:

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To verify the balancing using the rotating machine element.

2. Masses.

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1. Balancing rotary system

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Apparatus required:

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Procedure:

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1.To order of the basic operation involved with respect to static balancing as following
2.Then the mass should be fixed in one side of the stud and its angle to be adjusted with the
help of angular scale and its radil can be corrected with the help of vernier caliper.
3.Angular displacement between the masses Is calculated by force diagram through known
value of mass and radil.
4.Fix the masses to the calculated angular displacement using angular scale.
5.Now switch on the motor.
6.By changing the sped of the motor, check it out for vibration for running
7.Add by changing the mass with different radil and find out the angular displacement among
the mass for balancing the system

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:
Sl.No

Plane

Mass

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Radius

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Calculation:

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
1) What is meant by balancing?
2) What are the types of balancing?
3) What is reference plane?
4) What is turning moment diagram?

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5) What is swaying couple?

Result:
Thus the Balancing Of Rotating Machine Was Verified.
Page 26 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

VERIFICATION OF GYROSCOPIC RELATION
Date:
Exp No:9

Aim:

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To analysis the gyroscopic effect using the test setup and verify the gyroscopic rules of
plane disc.

3. Tachometer

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1. Gyroscopic setup. 2. Weight

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Apparatus Required:

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Technical Data:

1.Rotor diameter (d) = 30 cm.

2.Rotor thickness (t) = 8cm.
3.Distance of weight pan bolt centre to disc center (l) = 260 mm.
4.Weight of the rotor = 7kg.
Formula Used:

1. Precision ratio (wp) = 2 n/60 rad/ sec.

2. Angular velocity (w)=d/dt X /180 rad/sec
d-change in degree
dt-time taken in sec

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3. Gyroscopic effect (c) = I..P

4. Torque, t = wxr
Where,
w = weight of the rotor.
r = distance between weight pan centre to disc centre.

5. I = mr2/2 Kg-m2.

m-mass of the rotor kg

6. Percentage of error = (T-C)/T X 100.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Procedure:

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1.Switch on the supply.

2.Set the require speed of the regulator as constant.
3.Add the load as kg, 1kg etc.
4.Angle of precision d i.e. Measured.
5.Loose the lock screw, start the stop watch and note down.
6.Watch the particular interval and time.
7.Take the reading n different load.
8.Repeat the equipment maintaining load as constant and varying the speed.
9.Do the calculation.
Tabulation:
d

(gm)

(degree)

dt

.c

Added weight

(sec)

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Speed Of Disc (rpm)

Applied couple on
tachometer (Tact)

Angular velocity

Gyroscopic Effect c

(p) rad/sec

N-m

w
w

rad/sec ()

Precision ratio

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Einstein College of Engineering

om

Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

w
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Calculation:

Page 29 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
Define gyroscopic couple?

2)

What is gyroscopic torque?

3)

Define Axis of precession & Axis of spinning

4)

Explain gyroscopic Effect on naval ship?

5)

Explain gyroscopic effect on aero plane?

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1)

Result:
Thus the Gyroscopic relation was verified.
Page 30 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

STUDY ON BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASS

Date:
Exp No:10

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Aim:

Apparatus required:

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Balancing of reciprocating mass system masses.

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To study the behavior of vibration due to the unbalanced mass in reciprocating parts.

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Procedure:

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1.Initially all weights and bolts are removed then the motor is started. The speed of the motor is
increased due to the unbalanced masses, the vibration will be created. The vibration Is
observed.
2.The speed is noted down. Now the speed is increased and the vibrations are all so noted
down. The motor is switched off then some weights added on the piston top. The weights
may be added on the piston top. The weights may be added either eccentrically (or) coaxially. Now the motor is started the vibrations are observed at the tested speed noted in the
previous case. If still the vibration are observed. One of the following has to be done to
eliminate the unbalance forces
3.Some weights are added in opposites direction of crank and the engine run and the vibration,
are observed at the tested speed.
4.Combination of both the above cases. The speeds, the weight added on piston, diameter at
which the weights are added are noted down at different case.
Result:

The vibrations due the unbalanced forces in the reciprocating masses are studied.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY

USING VIBRATING TABLE
Date:

Aim:

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Exp No:11

To find natural frequency of free vibration and forced vibration using vibration table.
Apparatus Required:

Formula Used:

N-No of oscillation

Procedure:

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Natural Frequency fn=N/T Hz

5) steel rule.

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1) Spring 2) mass 3) damper 4) stopwatch

T=Time period of 5 oscillations in sec

Free Vibration:
1) Remove the damper from the experimental setup.

2) Then strike the beam by taken 5 oscillation time required.

3) Repeat the procedure for different length of beam to adjust the beam set up.

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Forced Vibration:
1) Fit the spring, mass damper in proper position note down the spring stiffness, mass of
the beam, length of the beam from one tunion point and measure the exciter mass.
2) The electrical motor is switched ON, using stop watch note down 5 oscillation time
for small jerk.
3) Then repeat the procedure for different length of beam.

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Tabulation:
Free vibration:

Time
period
T

Frequency
(Hz)

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Vibration

No of
oscillation

(sec)

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Sl.No

Exciter
position

Time required to
complete one set of
oscillation

Forced Vibration:

Vibration

Exciter
position

No of
oscillation

(sec)

Frequency (Hz)

Speed
(rpm)

w
w

S.No

Time
period(T)

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

w
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Calculation:

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Question:
1) What are different types of vibrating motions?
2) Define free vibration& forced vibration?
3) What is damping?
4) Define DAlemberts principle?

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5) Define critical speed?

Result:
Thus the natural frequency of free and forced vibration using vibrating tale was found.
Page 35 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SUSPENSON
Date:
Exp No:12

Aim:

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To find out the mass moment of inertia of any irregular section.

2) stopwatch

3) Different weight of cycle

4) steel rule

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1) Bifilar and trifler setup

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Apparatus required:

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Formula Used:
Bifiller:

1) Natural Frequency fn=N/T Hz

2) Radius of Gyration k=1/2 fnxg.ab/l

3) Moment of Inertia I=mk2 kg-m2
Where,

ab-Distance between two nodes

Fn-Natural Frequency in Hz

l-length of the thread

N-No of oscillation

T-Time taken for 5 oscillations in sec k-Radius of gyration

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M-mass of the bifiller plate

Trifiller:

1) Radius of gyration k=1/2 fnxg.r2/l

2) Moment of inertia I=mk2 kg-m2
Where,
r-Radius of the Trifiller

m-mass of the trifiller g-Gravity (9.81)

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Procedure:
1) Select either of bifilar (or) trifler plates.
2) With the help of spring chucks lighter at tops.
3) Adjust the length of spring to descry the value (or) measure length on it.

om

4) Give small horizontal twist at the same time start the stop watch and note down time
required for five (or) ten oscillation.
5) Repeat the experiment by adding weight and checking length.
Tabulation:

(kg)

No. of
oscilla
tion

Time
Taken

weight
added

sec

(gm)

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Self
weight

Natural
frequency

ul

Types of
Suspensio
n

(m)

(fn)

Moment
of Inertia
I
(Kg-m2)

Hz

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S.NO

Radius
of
gyration
K

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

w
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Calculation:

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) Explain laws of motion?
2) What is free body diagram?
3) What is static& dynamic force Analysis?
4) Define simple harmonic motion?

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5) Define crank pin effort & piston effort?

Result:
Thus the MI of irregular section find out.
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY OF TRANSVERE VIBRATION
Date:
Exp No:13
Aim:

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To determine the natural frequency of free transverse vibration due to uniformly distrusted load
and concentrated load over a simply supported shaft.

Apparatus Required:
2. Stop watch

3. Weight

4. Transverse vibration system.

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1. Shaft

ul

Formula Used:

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Simply supported Beam:

1. Uniform Distributed Load Frequency (fn) =0.571/

2. Point load Frequency (fn) =0.4985/

3. Varying load Frequency (fn) =0.4985/

Cantilever Beam:

1. Cantilever Beam Frequency (fn) = (1/2 ) xg/

g-Gravity

Procedure:

-Deflection.

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1. First proper lubrication is done for the bearing.

2. The given beam is fitted into the slots of Turn ion bearings and they are tightened.
3. The weight is added according to the condition of loading whether is to be loaded
uniformly or concentrated.
Then the beam is given a swing and starts oscillating.
4. The time taken for five oscillations noted down.
5. The experiment is repeated for various types of loads and the types of beams.

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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Tabulation:

FREQUENCY
(fn) Hz

(sec)

TIM
E

DEFEL
CTION

(cm)

(sec)

(cm)

TIME
(sec)

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(cm)

DEFEL
CTION

VARIYING
LOAD

TIME

POINT LOAD

DEFEL
CTION

POINT LOAD

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UDL

UDL

BEA
M

VARIYING
LOAD

Observation:

1) Mass of the each weight (m)=158 gm

2) Length of the cantilever beam=235mm

w
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Calculation:

Page 41 of 42
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Sub Code: ME57 Dynamics Lab

Questions:
1) Define Logarithmic Decrement?
2) Define under damped, over damped vibrations?
3) What is critical speed?
4) Define natural frequency?

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5) What do you understand by whirling motion?

Result:
The natural frequency of transverse vibration due to UDL and concentrated load over a
simply supported shaft is calculated and is compared with experimental value.
Page 42 of 42
Einstein College of Engineering