Power Quality Improvement Using ZSI Based STATCOM in Radial and Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems

ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 8875
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 2, Issue 11, November 2013
Power Quality improvement using ZSI based

STATCOM in Radial and weakly Meshed
Distribution Systems
N. Usha1, Dr.M.Vijaya Kumar2
Research scholar, JNTUA, Anantapur,A.P, India1
Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur ,A.P, India2
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to minimize the system power loss and improve bus voltage profile.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation results of Z-Source Inverter(ZSI) based Static Compensator
(STATCOM).The IEEE Thirty three bus radial and weakly meshed distribution system with and without STATCOM
are modeled and simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The present work proposes Z-Source Inverter for the
control of reactive power and hence the voltage compensation in radial and weakly meshed distribution system with
and without STATCOM .Voltages at various load buses of IEEE thirty three bus radial and weakly meshed
distribution system with and without STATCOM are studied and presented.
Keywords : FACTS, Power quality, voltage compensation, Radial distribution system, Tie-line, Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM),Z-Source Inverter( ZSI).
I.INTRODUCTION
Power quality is a major concern in the present era. It becomes especially important with the insertion of
sophisticated devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. A power quality problem is
an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage , current or frequency that results in a failure or mis-operation of
end user equipments.
The analysis of distribution system is an important area of activity as distribution systems provide the final link
between the bulk power system and consumers. The Electrical power distribution network becomes more increasingly
important and plays an important role in power system planning. A distribution circuit normally uses primary or main
feeders and lateral distributors. A main feeder originates from the substation and passes through the major load centers.
Lateral distributors connect the individual load points to the main feeder and are defined as radial distribution systems.
Radial systems are popular because of their simple design and low cost.
Nowadays reliability, stability and high quality besides avoiding interruptions in power supply are major functions
to supply loads in the competitive environment of electricity market. So it is needed to design power systems more
carefully .New technologies have been looked for to provide such delivery performance. However it may be considered
to install an additional device somewhere in the network. This could happened in individual planning stage or later in
expansion planning. Such devices are shunt reactors, capacitor banks, series reactors, automatic voltage regulators or
recently developed Flexible AC Transmission Systems(FACTS)technology such as static compensator[1].
II. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF STATCOM
The principle of STATCOM operation is as follows: The AC voltage difference across the leakage reactance
makes the power exchange between the STATCOM and the power system. The VSI voltage is compared with the AC
bus voltage system, when the AC bus voltage magnitude is above that of the VSI magnitude; the AC system sees the
STATCOM as inductance connected to its terminals. Otherwise if the VSI voltage magnitude is above that of the AC
bus voltage magnitude, the AC system sees the STATCOM as capacitance connected to its terminals. If both AC
system and VSI voltage magnitudes are equal, the reactive power exchange is zero. If the STATCOM has a DC source
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5365
ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765



or energy storage device on its DC side, it can supply real power to the power system. This can be achieved by
adjusting the phase angle of the STATCOM terminals and the phase angle of the AC power system. When phase angle
of the AC power system leads the VSI phase angle, the STATCOM absorbs the real power from the AC system, if the
phase angle of the AC power system lags the VSI phase angle, the STATCOM supplies real power to AC system.
The Voltage Source Converter or Inverter (VSC or VSI) is the building block of a STATCOM and other
FACTS devices. A very simple inverter produces a square voltage waveform as it switches the direct voltage source
on and off. The basic objective of a VSI is to produce a sinusoidal AC voltage with minimal harmonic distortion
from a DC voltage. Single-line diagram of STATCOM is shown in Fig1.
Fig.1 Single-line diagram of a STATCOM.

The main advantage of STATCOM compared to the traditional reactive power compensation devices are the
ability of strongly regulation ,low harmonic content and low loss without operational problems such as resonance.
A STATCOM in association with a particular load can inject compensating current sothat the total demand meets
the specification for utility connection. It can also remove any unbalance and harmonic distortion from voltage of
utility bus. STATCOM would play a more serious role in power system loadability, reactive power compensation,
loss reduction, voltage regulation, voltage balancing and power quality and stability enhancement[2].
III. IMPEDANCE SOURCE INVERTER(ZSI)
The main circuit of configuration of the Z-Source Inverter with load is shown in Fig2. The newly proposed Z-source
inverter has a unique feature that it can boost/buck the output voltage by introducing shoot through operation mode,
which is forbidden in traditional voltage source inverters, with this unique feature, the ZSI provides a cheaper, simpler,
buck-boost inversion by single power conversion stage. The ZSI circuit consists of a diode rectifier, DC link circuit,
and an inverter bridge. The differences are that the DC link circuit is implemented by the Z-Source network (c1, c2, L1,
and L2) and small input capacitors (ca ,cb , and cc)are connected to the diode rectifier. Since Z-Source Inverter bridge
can boost the DC capacitor (c1, and c2) voltage to any value above the DC value of the rectifier, a desired output
voltage is always obtainable regardless of line voltage. Using the 230V load system as an example ,the DC capacitor
voltage can be boosted to 350V or greater in order to produce 230 V AC output regardless of the line voltage.
Theoretically ,the DC capacitor voltage can be boosted to any value above the inherent DC voltage(310-325V for a
230-V line) of the rectifier ,by using the shoot through zero switching states. When a higher voltage is needed or
during voltage sags. The capacitor voltage is, however, limited by the device voltage rating in practical use.
Network reconfiguration in distribution is dealt by Baran[3].Compensation based power flow for weakly meshed
distribution given by Shirmohammadi[4].Load flow solution of Radial distribution network is given by S.Ghosh[5].
Harmonics study and comparison of ZSI with traditional Inverters is given by Justus[6]. solution to power quality
problem is given by
Mineski[7].Load flow method for weakly meshed system is given by
S.Sivanagaraju[8].Comparison of ZSI and Push-pull inverter based STATCOM and Enhancement of power quality are
given by Usha [9]-[10].
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The authors are unaware of any
literature
dealing STATCOM using Z-Source Inverter based
STATCOM in IEEE 33-bus radial and weakly meshed distribution system. This work gives power quality
improvement in IEEE 33-bus radial and weakly meshed distribution system with ZSI based STATCOM.
Fig.2 Main circuit configuration of Z-Source Inverter

IV.SIMULATION RESULTS
The IEEE 33-bus radial and weakly meshed distribution systems are considered for simulation studies. It is
assumed that the three-phase radial and weakly meshed distribution networks are balanced. The 33-bus IEEE radial
and weakly meshed distribution systems are modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The loads are
distributed uniformly along the line section. All the loads are modeled as constant impedance loads.
The single line diagram of 33-bus radial distribution system is shown in Fig 3a.The single line diagram of 33bus weakly meshed distribution system is shown in Fig3b.The line, load and tie switch data are given in[5].The load
flow results of 33-bus radial and weakly meshed system is given in[8].The simulation results in line with load flow
results of radial and weakly meshed systems. The load bus voltage is sensed and rectified using an uncontrolled
rectifier. It is compared with reference voltage. The error is given to PI controller. The output of PI controller adjusts
the pulse width to get the required voltage at the load bus. The SIMULINK model of PI controller, singlephase
distribution line , single-phase RL-load and single-phase source are shown in Fig3c,Fig3d,Fig3e and Fig3f
respectively .
The SIMULINK model of 33-bus IEEE radial distribution system without STATCOM is shown in Fig3g.The
STATCOM is placed at 6th bus for better compensation for both the cases. The SIMULINK model of 33-bus IEEE
radial distribution system with ZSI based STATCOM at 6th bus is shown in Fig3h.In order to improve the level of
voltages at various load buses STATCOM is connected at 6th bus in the radial distribution system. The STATCOM is
connected to the system at t=0.3sec.The SIMULINK model of 33-bus IEEE weakly meshed distribution system is
shown in Fig3i .The SIMULINK model of 33-bus IEEE weakly meshed distribution system with ZSI based
STATCOMs at 6th bus is shown in Fig3j.The voltage magnitude at the source bus is considered to be 1.0 pu.
The simulation results of 33-bus IEEE Radial distribution system and weakly meshed distribution system as
case(a) and case(b) are given in Table 1. The magnitudes of load voltages at load buses for these two cases with and
without STATCOM is presented in Table1.From the Table1,it is clear that voltage dip at various load buses are
compensated by connecting STATCOM at 6th bus. It was also found that the voltage magnitudes in weakly meshed
distribution system are higher than that of radial distribution system because of the inclusion of tie lines. Hence load
voltages are improved further in both IEEE 33-bus Radial and weakly meshed distribution system by using ZSI based
STATCOM.
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5367
ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765


Fig3a single line diagram of IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system
Fig3b single line diagram of IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system with five tie-lines(weakly meshed)
(A)SIMULINK model of PI controller
SIMULINK model of PI controller is shown in Fig3c.The load voltage is fed to the summing point.
This voltage is compared with reference voltage(set at 5v) and the error is fed to PI controller(with KP=2 and
KI=0.5). Output of the PI controller is given to pulse generator to produce the required pulse width. These
pulses are given to the STATCOM to inject the voltage into the system for compensation.
Fig3c SIMULINK Model of PI controller

(B)SIMULINK model of single-phase distribution line:
Using SIMULIK 1-Phase Series RLC Branch block (C value set to ) and 1-Phase Parallel RLC Branch
block (R and L values set to infinity) with V, I and PQ measurement blocks develop distribution line as shown in Fig3d
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1
s ignal
-K -
rm s
M ux
RM S -s
VPQ_S
1
m
line -s
V
I
i
+
-
+
-
-K -
PQ
P Qs
v
Vs
RL
+
-
s ignal
-K -
rm s
RM S -r
Vr
M ux
line -r
i
+
-
PQ
-K -
P Qr
R
2
Fig3d SIMULINK model of Single-phase distribution line

(C) SIMULINK model of single-phase RL Load:
Using SIMULIK 1-Phase Parallel RLC Load block with V, I and PQ measurement blocks the model is
developed as shown in Fig3e. It exhibits constant impedance at the specified frequency. The load active and reactive
powers are proportional to the square of the applied voltage. Capacitive VAR QC value is set to 0 for getting 1-Phase
RL load.
Fig3e SIMULINK model of Single-phase RL load
(D) SIMULINK model of a single phase source:

Using SIMULIK 1-Phase AC source, 1-Phase Series RLC Branch block (R value set very low value 1e-12, L
value set zero and C value set to ) and 1-Phase Parallel V, I and PQ measurement blocks develops single phase source
model as shown in Fig3f. Here very low value of resistance is connected in series to avoid convergence problem.
.
Fig3f SIMULINK model of a single phase source
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28
Load15
29-30
m
R
29
Load16
30-31
m
R
30
Load17
m
R
31-32
31
32-33
m
R
S
Load18
[B28]
[B27]
32
Load19
[B29]
m
R
33
Load20
[B30]
[B31]
[B24]
[B23]
mI/P
28-29
m
R
mI/P
27-28
27
Load14
[B26]
Load12
mI/P
m
R
25
24-25
mI/P
mI/P
m
R
mI/P
24
Load11
26-27
26
mI/P
m
R
23-24
Load10
mI/P
23
3-23
mI/P
m
R
Load13
m
R
mI/P
po we rgui
mI/P
6-26
S
Discre te ,
Ts = 5e -005 s.
[B33]
[B25]
[B32]
[B1]
source
m
R
10
9-10
Load25
m
R
11
Load26
12
m
R
10-11
m
R
11-12
Load27
[B9]
13
12-13Load28
m
R
14
13-14
Load29
[B10]
[B11]
m
R
15
14-15
Load30
[B12]
m
R
16
Load32
m
R
15-16
[B13]
17
16-17
Load33
m
R
18
17-18
Load34
[B15]
[B14]
[B5]
[B16]
[B17]
mI/P
Load24
[B4]
mI/P
8-9
[B8]
mI/P
m
R
Load22
[B3]
mI/P
7-8
mI/P
m
R
[B7]
[B2]
mI/P
Load23
[B1]
mI/P
6-7
mI/P
m
R
S
[B6]
mI/P
6
Load21
[B5]
mI/P
m
R
5-6
mI/P
Load4
[B4]
4-5
Load3
[B3]
mI/P
mI/P
m
R
3-4
Load2
mI/P
m
R
2-3
Load1
mI/P
m
R
1-2
33 BUS
VOLTAGES in PU
mI/P
m
R
m O/P
mI/P
[B18]
[B6]
[B7]
[B8]
[B2]
m
R
[B10]
19
Load9
20
m
R
19-20
mI/P
2-19
BUS VOLT AGES

GRAPHS
[B13]
Load8
m
R
S
mI/P
[B9]
[B11]
[B12]
20-21
21
[B14]
[B15]
22
m
R
[B20]
[B19]
[B16]
21-22
Load5
mI/P
Load7
[B19]
mI/P
[B17]
[B18]
[B20]
[B21]
[B22]
[B21]
[B22]
[B23]
[B24]
[B25]
[B26]
[B27]
[B28]
[B29]
[B30]
[B31]
[B32]
[B33]
Fig3g SIMULINK model of IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system without STATCOM
28
Load15
29-30
m
R
29
Load16
30-31
m
R
30
Load17
m
R
31-32
31
32-33
m
R
S
Load18
[B28]
32
Load19
[B29]
m
R
33
Load20
[B30]
[B31]
[B24]
[B23]
mI/P
28-29
m
R
[B27]
mI/P
27-28
27
Load14
[B26]
Load12
mI/P
m
R
25
24-25
mI/P
mI/P
m
R
mI/P
24
Load11
26-27
26
mI/P
m
R
23-24
Load10
mI/P
23
3-23
mI/P
m
R
Load13
m
R
mI/P
p o we rg ui
mI/P
6-26
S
Dis cre te ,
T s = 5e -005 s .
[B33]
[B25]
[B32]
[B1]
S1
S2
G
source
Subsystem1
m
R
10
9-10
Load25
m
R
11
Load26
12
m
R
10-11
m
R
11-12
Load27
[B9]
13
12-13Load28
m
R
14
13-14
Load29
[B10]
[B11]
m
R
15
14-15
Load30
[B12]
m
R
16
Load32
m
R
15-16
[B13]
17
16-17
Load33
m
R
18
17-18
mI/P
Load24
[B4]
mI/P
8-9
[B8]
mI/P
m
R
Load22
[B3]
mI/P
7-8
mI/P
m
R
[B7]
[B2]
mI/P
Load23
[B1]
mI/P
6-7
mI/P
m
R
S
[B6]
mI/P
6
Load21
[B5]
mI/P
m
R
5-6
mI/P
Load4
[B4]
4-5
Load3
[B3]
mI/P
mI/P
m
R
3-4
Load2
mI/P
m
R
2-3
Load1
mI/P
m
R
1-2
33 BUS
VOLTAGES in PU
mI/P
m
R
m O/P
mI/P
Load34
[B15]
[B14]
[B5]
[B16]
[B17]
[B18]
[B6]
[B7]
[B8]
[B2]
m
R
[B10]
[B11]
[B13]
Load9
20
m
R
19-20
mI/P
2-19
BUS VOLT AGES

GRAPHS
[B12]
19
Load8
m
R
S
mI/P
[B9]
20-21
21
[B14]
[B15]
22
m
R
[B20]
[B19]
[B16]
21-22
Load7
[B22]
[B21]
Load5
mI/P
[B19]
mI/P
[B17]
[B18]
[B20]
[B21]
[B22]
[B23]
[B24]
[B25]
[B26]
[B27]
[B28]
[B29]
[B30]
[B31]
[B32]
[B33]
Fig3h SIMULINK model of IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system with STATCOM at 6th bus
25-29
Tie Line
Load2
169.7
55.31
m
R
10.96
99.45
967.7
10.73
59.6
579.3
577.6
[B2]
10.56
226.8
64.06
Load4
[B4]
19
Load9
10.56
m
R
5-6
Load21
[B5]
487.9
10.7
863.6
774.5
526.1
484.4
20
m
R
19-20
Load8
31.95
10.62
10.61
10.64
57.2
56.14
28.57
18.7
404.9
217.9
125.2
31.85
7-8
123.4
6.878
10.56
10.52
-19.13
-34.65
205.5
62.2
m
R
Load22
8-9
Load24
m
R
10
9-10
Load25
[B19]
11
[B24]
10.94
10.45
89.1
86.08
10.44
39.57
38.23
[B25]
[B26]
m I/P
m I/P
m I/P
10.44
9.867
Load26
10.43
10.56
55.39
55.32
92.99
18.45
18.43
127.9
10.5
10.48
40.81
200.2
10.45
17.67
127.6
145.2
10.5
150.4
122.8
90.64
12
S
11-12
Load27
[B11]
10.56
186.2
93.26
17.68
90.84
[B9]
10.61
186.7
10.5
200.5
m
R
13
12-13Load28
m
R
14
13-14
Load29
m
R
14-15
Load30
90.88
10.44
90.96
m
R
16
10.52
32.26
54.93
90.79
m
R
15-16
Load32
55.37
27.64
17
16-17
Load33
m
R
18
17-18
Load34
[B15]
[B14]
54.77
91.07
109.4
[B13]
10.56
41.52
[B16]
[B17]
[B18]
10.5
10.5
109.6
54.71
10.48
10.45
10.44
72.96
9.115
54.54
54.17
81.09
18.17
18.04
36.01
32.01
10.65
9.853
10.45
145.6
108.9
15
[B12]
10.56
18-33
Tie Line
10.48
298.6
304.9
204.8
10.56
202.5
10.56
215.5
10.61
200.2
Load7
296.3
12-22
Tie Line
22
m
R
120.4
202.5
10.5
214.4
m
R
21-22
119.3
Load5
m
R
9-15
Tie Line
[B22]
[B21]
10.7
[B22]
[B23]
35.99
10.5
40.82
150.6
m
R
10-11
10.62
10.75
[B21]
10.43
10.52
-46.78
m
R
244
S
10.75
54.05
-18.78
10.94
[B20]
71.21
10.7
383.1
[B20]
10.48
[B17]
[B18]
[B8]
m
R
8-21
Tie Line1
302.6
[B19]
10.43
44.2
54.78
206.2
-46.78
10.56
-0.7017
m
R
-34.64
-19.13
10.56
138.2
m
R
10.56
-0.676
242.3
10.5
[B33]
10.43
89.98
10.56
6.879
10.65
21
10.5
[B16]
Load20
44.21
10.56
62.24
333.1
Load23
384.4
m
R
20-21
10.52
[B14]
[B15]
33
10.43
-18.77
[B32]
233.3
135.3
10.56
10.56
6-7
m
R
10.43
10.44
m
R
126.2
S
[B6]
10.73
777.5
76.81
10.75
134.5
[B31]
189.1
10.7
2-19
10.56
368.8
182.1
[B10]
10.75
115.4
538.1
m
R
10.56
BUS VOLTAGES
GRAPHS
[B13]
876.9
10.49
m I/P
[B10]
[B11]
[B12]
10.94
38.74
Load19
71.41
109.9
150.4
139.1
m I/P
[B9]
966
10.61
32
10.44
233.5
10.44
63.1
4-5
10.78
87.24
10.94
10.62
32-33
m
R
S
Load18
135.9
18.42
334.3
363.2
m I/P
10.96
10.78
31-32
31
10.49
[B30]
552.3
398.3
m
R
10.82
10.82
10.64
[B7]
[B8]
m I/P
[B4]
[B5]
[B6]
m
R
370.2
10.49
90.95
218.2
[B7]
10.96
[B2]
[B3]
30
Load17
227.7
10.52
326.5
11
[B1]
30-31
m
R
10.52
553.9
10.56
10.61
10.62
405.2
958.7
Load3
[B29]
10.52
55.88
10.64
10.64
477.2
[B3]
Load16
151.2
382.7
23.26
369.7
29
10.56
327.4
23.33
966.3
3-4
29-30
m
R
[B28]
10.56
10.61
m I/P
Load1
194.4
m I/P
33 BUS
VOLTAGES in PU
440.3
56.03
m I/P
1024
10.62
218
m I/P
10.73
1143
1097
2-3
496.9
[B27]
m I/P
10.78
2462
Load15
384.4
171.1
10.61
10.73
1751
1-2
28
10.61
194.7
183.8
3560
28-29
m
R
S
Load14
440.8
386.4
1027
400.3
m
R
27-28
27
10.62
10.78
479.6
m
R
[B26]
m I/P
186.7
26-27
26
Load13
m I/P
392.5
47.83
1148
1113
m
R
10.62
m I/P
1758
86.18
10.82
2493
m O/P
218.3
10.54
10.82
m I/P
source
10.63
1758
m I/P
497.4
m I/P
10.96
m
R
10.64
141.3
[B25]
10.76
10.96
m I/P
11
3572
Load12
m I/P
11
3572
[B1]
24-25
[B24]
[B23]
6-26
337.4
m I/P
Load10
338
10.52
m I/P
m I/P
Load11
25
m I/P
23-24
m
R
m I/P
23
3-23
24
141.9
10.54
325.7
m
R
m I/P
724.4
m I/P
10.54
m I/P
m
R
m
R
329.7
1122
516.4
m I/P
powe rgui
729.5
526
10.63
1220
573.8
m I/P
10.63
1134
10.76
m I/P
10.76
1227
578.7
m I/P
10.82
C ontinuous
10.65
10.7
10.65
10.76
85.26
84.52
10.63
37.86
37.53
10.54
[B27]
10.62
[B28]
10.61
[B29]
10.56
[B30]
10.52
[B31]
10.49
[B32]
10.44
[B33]
10.43
Fig3i SIMULINK model of IEEE 33-bus weakly meshed distribution system without STATCOM
25-29
Tie Line
m
R
27-28
27
S
m I/P
Load14
28-29
m
R
28
Load15
29-30
m
R
29
Load16
30-31
m
R
30
Load17
[B26]
Load12
m
R
31-32
31
S
Load18
[B28]
[B27]
32-33
m
R
32
m I/P
26-27
26
25
24-25
Load19
[B29]
m
R
33
Load20
[B30]
[B31]
[B24]
[B23]
m I/P
Load10
m
R
m I/P
m I/P
Load11
m I/P
24
23-24
m I/P
m
R
m I/P
23
3-23
m I/P
m
R
Load13
m
R
m I/P
6-26
S
powe rgui
m I/P
m
R
Discre te ,
Ts = 5e -005 s.
[B33]
[B25]
[B32]
m
R
[B1]
S1
18-33
Tie Line
S2
G
source
S
m
R
Load22
[B2]
[B8]
8-9
Load24
m
R
10
9-10
Load25
m
R
11
S
10-11
Load26
12
m
R
11-12
Load27
[B9]
m
R
13
12-13Load28
m
R
14
13-14
Load29
[B10]
[B11]
[B3]
m
R
15
14-15
Load30
[B12]
m
R
16
15-16
Load32
[B13]
[B4]
[B16]
[B7]
[B8]
[B13]
m
R
S
BUS VOLTAGES
GRAPHS
19
2-19
Load9
m
R
19-20
20
Load8
S
m I/P
[B2]
[B10]
m I/P
[B9]
[B11]
[B12]
[B15]
[B19]
16-17
Load33
m
R
[B17]
18
17-18
Load34
[B18]
m
R
8-21
Tie Line
m
R
[B20]
[B16]
m
R
22
12-22
Tie Line
S
21-22
m
R
Load5
m I/P
Load7
m I/P
[B17]
[B18]
[B19]
17
20-21
21
[B14]
m
R
[B15]
[B14]
[B5]
[B6]
m I/P
7-8
m I/P
m
R
m I/P
m I/P
[B7]
m I/P
Load23
m I/P
6-7
m I/P
m
R
S
[B6]
[B1]
m I/P
m I/P
[B5]
Load21
m I/P
5-6
m I/P
m
R
Load4
[B4]
m I/P
m
R
4-5
Load3
[B3]
3-4
Load2
m I/P
Load1
Subsystem1
m
R
2-3
m I/P
m
R
1-2
33 BUS
VOLTAGES in PU
m I/P
m
R
m I/P
m O/P
m I/P
m
R
9-15
Tie Line
[B20]
[B21]
[B22]
[B21]
[B22]
[B23]
[B24]
[B25]
[B26]
[B27]
[B28]
[B29]
[B30]
[B31]
[B32]
[B33]
Fig3j SIMULINK model of IEEE 33-bus weakly meshed distribution system with STATCOM at 6th bus
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Table1: Voltages at Load buses in IEEE 33-bus Radial and weakly meshed distribution systems with and
without STATCOM.
BusNo.
Radial distribution system
Weakly meshed distribution system
case(a)
Load voltages
without
STATCOM.(in
pu)
Case(b)
Load voltages with

STATCOM at 6th
bus(in pu)
Load voltages
without
STATCOM(in pu)
Load voltages with

STATCOM at 6th bus(in
pu)
0.99665
0.99653
0.99653
0.99652
0.98107
0.98030
0.98403
0.98042
0.97322
0.97197
0.97976
0.97073
0.96555
0.96379
0.97580
0.96120
0.94733
1.01422
0.96690
0.93333
0.94336
1.00997
0.96560
1.01206
0.93789
1.00412
0.96422
1.00657
0.93089
0.99662
0.96041
0.99875
10
0.92441
0.98969
0.959863
0.99543
11
0.92346
0.988671
0.959862
0.99513
12
0.92178
0.98688
0.960027
0.99471
13
0.91503
0.97964
0.95621
0.99103
14
0.91252
0.97696
0.95496
0.98994
15
0.91065
0.97495
0.95468
0.98978
16
0.90947
0.97334
0.95280
0.98714
17
0.9072
0.97096
0.94959
0.98172
18
0.90658
0.97025
0.94858
0.97994
19
0.99596
0.99584
0.99446
0.99634
20
0.99131
0.99185
0.97748
0.99598
21
0.99039
0.99026
0.97283
0.99718
22
0.98956
0.98944
0.96858
0.99615
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ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765



23
0.97661
0.97584
0.97788
0.97870
24
0.96832
0.96755
0.96613
0.97706
25
0.96419
0.96343
0.96504
0.97974
26
0.94554
1.01231
0.96584
1.01893
27
0.94321
1.00981
0.96453
1.01534
28
0.93389
0.99839
0.95966
0.99762
29
0.92732
0.99280
0.95647
0.98483
30
0.92432
0.98462
0.95353
0.98214
31
0.91968
0.98462
0.94924
0.97891
32
0.91865
0.98352
0.94838
0.97847
33
0.91834
0.98318
0.94832
0.97905
V.CONCLUSION
This work presents the possibility of using Z-Source Inverter based STATCOM system. The 33-bus IEEE
radial and weakly meshed distribution systems are modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results
are presented. The simulation results of 33-bus IEEE radial and weakly meshed distribution systems with and without
STATCOM are presented. Simulation studies were done using single phase model of balanced three phase system. It is
found that voltage compensation is done by connecting the STATCOM. Both IEEE radial and weakly mesh
distribution system have improved power quality. The radial distribution system with five tie-lines has further
improved reliability compared with radial distribution system. The scope for future work is simulation can also be done
using PSCAD or PSIM. The simulation studies can be extended to 64-bus and 128-bus systems. Testing can also be
done on extremely large real time power systems and also the laboratory model for STATCOM can be done using
Micro-controller or DSP processor.
REFERENCES
[1] N.G.Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, understanding FACTS, Concepts and technology of Flexible AC Transmission systems, Piscataway, NJ;
IEEE Press, 2000.
[2] A.Ghosh and G.Ledwich ,Power Quality Enhancement using custom power Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002.
[3]
Baran M.E and Wu F F.1989.Network Reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing. IEEE Transon
PERD,PWRD-(2),pp.1401-107,1989.
[4] Shirmohammadi D,Hong HW,Semlyen A,Luo GX.Compensation based power flow method for weakly meshed distribution networks.
IEEE Trans. On Power Syst.3(2):753-762,1988.
[5] S.Ghosh and D.Das Method for load flow solution of Radial distribution networks.IEE PartC,146(4):641,1994
[6
B.Justus Rabi and Arumugam, Harmonics study and comparison of Z-Source inverter with Traditional Inverters, American journal of
Applied sciences2(10):1418-1426,2005.
[7]
R.Mienski,R.Pawelek and I.Wasiak, Shunt compensation for power quality improvement using a STATCOM controller: Modelling and
simulation,IEEE Proce., vol.151,No.2,March2004.
[8]
S.Sivanagaraju,J.Viswanatha and M.Giridhar, A loop based load flow method for weakly meshed distribution network, ARPN J.of
Engineering and Applied sciences,vol.3,no.4,pp.55-59.Aug.2008.
[9]
N.Usha and M.Vijaya kumar Comparison of pus-pull and Z-source Inverter based STATCOM systems, International Journal of
Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Vol.6,Number1,pp.55-65,2013.
[10] N.Usha and M.Vijaya kumar Enhancement of power Quality in Thirty Bus system using ZSI based STATCOM International Journal of
Modern Engineering Research,vol.3,Issue.2 pp-773-778. March-April.2013
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Power Quality Improvement Using ZSI Based STATCOM in Radial and Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems

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Power Quality Improvement Using ZSI Based STATCOM in Radial and Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems

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ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Vol. 2, Issue 11, November 2013