4G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

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Abstract
fundamentals of 4G and their various
The Third-Generation (3G) proposed architectures are explained. In
wireless technologies offer wireless India it can be used to network rural and
web, SMS, MMS, EDGE, WCDMA, urban areas, reduce cost of
GPRS etc. 4G is a packet switched communication, flourish educational
technology, uses bandwidth much more activities, facilitate research and
efficiently, allowing each user's packets development, faster internet
to compete for available bandwidth. It connectivity, more cellular options, real
solves the non-standardization problems time information systems, crisis
associated with 3G. Data transfer rate management, Tele-medicines and many
will be 20 to 100 Mbps, which is 10 to 50 more. The present 3G networks need
times than 3G and 10-20 times faster not to be discarded, and can be used in
than ADSL. Operating frequency range conjunction with 4G technology. There
will be 3 to 10 GHz and the IPv6 are various architectures proposed that
protocol will be used. In this paper, can be used to deploy 4G.

4G Wireless Networks orientation (routing) and other helpful

services.
1. Introduction
The fourth-generation wireless (4G)
technology implements designs that will 2G : 0.15
3G :
bits/sec/H
take the wireless telecommunication 0.30bi
z
ts/sec/
industry beyond 2010. The infrastructure Adaptive
2G : Hz
1G : modulati
of the 4G will function on top of the 0.15 CDM
Anal on
bits/sec A,
current existing CDMA, GSM and TDMA. og MIMO
/Hz Turbo
mod Adaptive
It extends the 3G capabilities These Digital coding
ulati Modulati
modul ,
technical opportunities strengthen the on on
ation wider
OFDMA
user mobility and encourage the band
MC-
width
deployment of the mobile technologies for CDMA
the development of various (mobile)
applications providing information,

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 • Technology to utilize newly found
Fig1. INCREMENTAL PROGRESS OF modulation methods.
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
• Need for All IP network with
It will deliver superior quality
converged voice and data
video and data, in addition to voice. It
capability.
also solves the non-standardization
• Wider bandwidth.
problems associated with 3G networks
for voice, video and data transmission.
3. Characteristics
The data transfer rate is 20 to 100
3.1 End-to-End Internet Protocol (IP):. It
Mbps, which will be 10 to 50 times those
will provide access through a collection of
offered by 3G links and 10-20 times radio interfaces, seamless
faster than standard ADSL (Asymmetric roaming/handover and the best-
Digital Subscriber Line) services. The connected service, combining multiple
operating frequency ranges between 3 radio access interfaces (such as WLAN,
to 10 GHz and the IPV6 protocol used Bluetooth and GPRS) into a single
will be used. High-definition television network that subscribers may use. It
programming through wireless allows any mobile device to seamlessly
broadband connections, Internet-based roam over different wireless technologies
multi-channel video and higher mobile automatically, using the best connection
Internet will become a reality. The available for the intended use. Users will
Defense Advanced Research Projects have access to different services,

Agency (DARPA) in the US originally increased coverage, the convenience of a

conceived of 4G. single device, one bill with reduced total

access cost, and more reliable wireless

2. Need of 4G: access even with the failure or loss of one

or more networks.
• 3G performances insufficient to
3.2 Peer-to-Peer networks: In this
meet high performance future
system, every device is both a transceiver
needs.
and a router/repeater for other devices in
• Multiple incompatible standards.
the network, elimination of a single node
Global mobility and service
does not disable the network. 4G can be
portability required.
defined as "wireless ad hoc peer-to-peer
• Need for hybrid networks for both
networking."
WLAN and cellular network design.
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 has long been realized. Yet only recently
4. Significance of 4G were they combined with advanced
In 4G networks, users joining the network coding techniques to from extremely
add mobile routers to the network efficient MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
infrastructure. Network capacity and Output) systems.
coverage is dynamically shifted to Wireless access technologies: OFDMA
accommodate changing user patterns. (Orthogonal Frequency – Division Multiple
Wherever the concentration of people is Access ) and MC-CDMA (Multiple Carrier
more in one area, additional routes are CDMA) are the main contender for the
created, thus enabling additional access future system. Another more radical
to network capacity. Users will access scheme for the downlink, yet
automatically hop away from congested better in terms of throughput, is a single
routes to less congested routes. This queue packet based system
permits the network to dynamically and
automatically balance capacity and 6. Future applications
increase network utilization. As number of Sensors on public vehicles
users increases, the service improves for Cameras in traffic lights
all users. Tele-medicine: a paramedic assisting a
5. Features of 4G victim of a traffic accident in a remote
High speed: 100 Mbps in stationary location could access medical records
mode with an average of 20 Mbps when (e.g., x-rays) and establish a
traveling. videoconference so that a remotely-based
High network capacity: Should be at surgeon could provide "on-scene"
least 10 times that of 3G systems. assistance.
Fast/seamless handover across Crisis-management applications: In
multiple networks: 4G wireless networks case of any natural disasters where the
should support global roaming across entire communications infrastructure has
multiple wireless and mobile networks, collapsed, restoring communications
Next-generation multimedia support: quickly is essential. With 4G networks it
fast speed and large volume data can be set up in a matter of hours. In
transmission at a lower cost than today. comparison, it may take days or even
MIMO techniques : The benefit of array weeks to re-establish communications
or multiple antennas for spatial diversity capabilities when a wire line network fails.

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 7. Possible Architectures on 4G and expand effective coverage area. It
One of the most challenging problems
should also provide reliable wireless
facing deployment of 4G technology is
coverage in case of network, link, or
how to access several different mobile
switch failure. The device itself
and wireless networks. Three possible
incorporates most of the additional
architectures: using a multi-mode device,
complexity without requiring wireless
an overlay network, or a common access
network modification or employing inter-
protocol.
working devices. Each network can

7.1 Multimode devices (Fig2): deploy a database that keeps track of

user location, device capabilities, network
A single physical terminal with multiple
conditions, and user preferences. The
interfaces to access services on different
handling of quality-of-service (QoS)
wireless networks. The multimode device
issues remains an open research
architecture may improve call completion
question.

DB DB

INTERNET

Satellite network

Wireless LAN

Fixed Wireless LAN Cellular networks

DB DB

Fig 2. A multimode device lets the user, device, or network initiate handoff between
networks without the need for network modification or interworking devices.

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7.2 Overlay mode (Fig 3) : users. The overlay network, rather than
In this architecture, a user accesses an the user or device, performs handoffs as
overlay network consisting of several the user moves from one UAP to
universal access points. These UAPs in another. A UAP stores user, network,
turn select a wireless network based on and device information, capabilities, and
availability, QoS specifications, and preferences. Because UAPs can keep
user-defined choices. A UAP performs track of the various resources a caller
protocol and frequency translation, uses, this architecture supports single
content adaptation, and QoS billing and subscription. Satellite network
negotiation-renegotiation on behalf of Fixed wireless network.

Satellite network

Wireless LAN

INTERNE
T
Fixed Wireless LAN Cellular networks

Fig 3. An overlay network—consisting of several universal access points (UAPs) that

store user, network, and device information—performs a handoff as the user moves
from one UAP to another.
standard access protocols. One possible
7.3 Common access protocol (Fig4):
solution, which will require interworking
This protocol becomes viable if wireless between different networks, uses
networks can support one or two wireless asynchronous transfer mode.

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To implement wireless ATM, every or more types of satellite-based
wireless network must allow networks might use one protocol while
transmission of ATM cells with additional one or more terrestrial wireless networks
headers or wireless ATM cells requiring use another protocol. Wireless LAN
changes in the wireless networks. One Cellular network Television satellite
Telescopic/
educational
satellite
INTERNET
DB DB

INTERNET

4G

Satellite network
RAILWAYS GOVERNMENT DB
Wireless LAN

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G AIRWAYS DB
DB
C O
Tunable adapter
UNIVERSITIES O P
N SHARE MARKET DB
T
N I
E C
C BANKING DB
DB
Fixed Wireless LAN T FI
DB I Cellular networks BDB
V R
I
4G
Fig 4. A device capable T of automatically switching between networks is E
subscriber
possible if wireless networks can support a common protocol to access a
Y
satellite-based network and another protocol forUsers
Mobile terrestrial networks.

4G

7.4 The proposed Architecture for 4G:

User
s
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wireless LAN
Cellular network Fixed wireless LAN
Legends used in the diagram:

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 Bi-directional block arrow Wireless Link

Antenna Repeater

Cylinder Local Database

Rectangle Organization

Fig 5. Several networks can be converged with the 4G networks providing all kinds of
services to the users.

Fig 5 shows the real scenario of how 4G 8. Conclusion

can really mingle with the present
technology and scale upward to give
more bandwidth and lower the cost.
Security will be a major issue when
several networks will be connected
together.
A legal subscriber can view various
television networks in his/her handset,
browse through to the internet at a very
high speed connectivity, send e-mails
remotely, reserve train or air tickets from
any part of the country, stay connected
with their professors and many more
things at a very reduced cost.
Repeaters will give mobile Internet at a
speed of 20mbps; optical cables can
also contribute to the data
transmissions. Different organizations
can stay connected with each other and
their customers,
4G is the next upcoming wireless
technology. It holds a lot of promises in
solving today’s problems and tomorrows
needs. 4G will also make worldwide
roaming using a single handheld device.
4G networks may eventually deliver on
all the promises. At times, it seems that
technological advances are being made
on a daily basis. These advances will
make high-speed data/voice-over-
Internet-protocol (VoIP) networks a
reality. In the meantime, it is important
for industry to develop a strong 3G
offering that is palatable for the general
public. Equally as important, industry
must ensure that expectations are
realistic and that services meet and
exceed those expectations. If all goes
according to what the industry envisions,
it may be sooner, rather than later that
we will see wireless communications
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evolve. This evolution will give the from the convenience of a single
general public as well as the public handheld device.
safety community amazing functionality

9. References:
• International forums on 4G mobile, By : Lucant technologies, bell labs
innovations
• Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Telecooperation (SIT) August 02. [bayarou|
rohr]@sit.fraunhofer.de
• Information Raining for Mobile Hotspots in 4G Wireless Networks : Shahrokh
Valaee , Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ,University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Email: valaee@comm.utoronto.ca

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