Lance Labarda

3BIO3
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Lab
1. Panniculus carnosus or cutaneous maximus
Origin: Outer surface of a muscle (latissimus dorsi) situated posterior to the
shoulder, and from the axilla in the cat; the linea alba and various points on
the ventral side of the thorax
Insertion: On the skin
Action: Shake the skin
2. Platysma
Origin: skin of the neck and head
Insertion: skin of the ears, eyelids, lips, etc.
Action: Move skin of the ears, eyelids, lips, etc.
3. External Oblique
Origin: lumbodorsal fascia and ribs
Insertion: linea alba and pubis
Action: constricts abdomen
4. Internal oblique
Origin: lumbodorsal fascia
Insertion: linea alba
Action: compresses abdomen
5. Transversus abdominis
Origin: costal ribs
Insertion: linea alba
Action: compresses abdomen
6. Rectus abdominis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: sternum and costal ribs
Action: compresses abdomen
7. Multifidus spinae
Origin: muscle bundles from lumbar pleurapophyses
Insertion: neural spine of vertebra
Action: extends vertebral column
8. Semispinalis dorsi
Origin: last four thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: thoraco-cervical vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column
9. Longissimus dorsi
Origin: sacral and caudal vertebrae
Insertion: thoraco-cervical vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column

10.
Iliocostalis
Origin: muscle bundles from lower thoracic ribs
Insertion: three ribs craniad to the origin of each bundle
Action: draws ribs together

11.
Pectoantebrachialis
Origin: manubrium
Insertion: fascia of forearm
Action: adducts forelimb
12.
Pectoralis major
Origin: cranial sternebrae
Insertion: humerus
Action: adducts forelimb
13.
Pectoralis minor
Origin: sternum
Insertion: humerus
Action: adducts forelimb
14.
Xiphihumeralis
Origin: xiphoid process
Insertion: humerus
Action: adducts forelimb
15.
Sternomastoid
Origin: manubrium
Insertion: lambdoidal ridge and mastoid process
Action: turns and lowers head
16.
Sternohyoid
Origin: first costal rib
Insertion: body of hyoid
Action: pulls hyoid posterior
17.
Cleidomastoid
Origin: mastoid process
Insertion: clavicle
Action: turns and lowers head
18.
Clavotrapezius
Origin: lambdoidal ridge
Insertion: Clavicle
Action: pulls clavicle dorsal and anterior
19.
Clavodeltoid
Origin: clavicle
Insertion: ulna
Action: flexes forearm
20.
Masseter
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandible
Action: raises mandible
21.
Temporalis
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process
Action: raises mandible
22.
Digastric
Origin: jugular and mastoid processes
Insertion: mandible
Action: lowers mandible
23.
Mylohyoid
Origin: mandible

Insertion: median raphe

Action: raises floor of mouth
24.
Geniohyoid
Origin: mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid
Action: pulls hyoid anterior
25.
Sternothyroid
Origin: first costal rib
Insertion: thyroid cartilage
Action: pulls larynx posterior
26.
Thyrohyoid
Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: posterior horn of hyoid
Action: raises larynx
27.
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: humerus
Action: pulls arm caudodorsally
28.
Spinotrapezius
Origin: spines of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: fascia of scapular muscles
Action: pulls scapula dorsally
29.
Acromiotrapezius
Origin: spines of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: pulls scapula dorsally
30.
Levator scapulae ventralis
Origin: atlas and occipital bone
Insertion: metacromion process
Action: pulls scapula anterior
31.
Rhomboideus
Origin: spines of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: pulls scapula dorsally
32.
Rhomboideus capitis
Origin: lambdoidal ridge
Insertion: scapula
Action: pulls scapula anterior
33.
Splenius
Origin: mid-dorsal line
Insertion: lambdoidal ridge
Action: turns and raises head
34.
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: extends humerus
35.
Acromiodeltoid
Origin: acromion process
Insertion: spinodeltoid
Action: flexes and rotates humerus

36.
Spinodeltoid
Origin: spine of the scapula
Insertion: deltoid ridge of the humerus
Action: flexes and rotates humerus
37.
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: rotates humerus outward
38.
Teres major
Origin: axillary border of scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: flexes and rotates humerus
39.
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
Action: pulls humerus medially
40.
Serratus ventralis
Origin: first nine ribs
Insertion: medial surface of scapula
Action: pulls scapula anterior and ventral
41.
Serratus dorsalis
Origin: last four ribs
Insertion: spines of lumbar vertebrae
Action: pulls rib anterior
42.
Scalenes
Origin: ribs
Insertion: cervical vertebrae pleurapophyses
Action: flexes neck
43.
External intercostals
Origin: border of rib
Insertion: border of adjacent rib
Action: protracts ribs
44.
Internal intercostal
Origin: border of rib
Insertion: border of adjacent rib
Action: retracts ribs
45.
Triceps brachii (long head)
Origin: axillary border of scapula
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm
46.
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Origin: greater tuberosity of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm
47.
Triceps brachii (medial head)
Origin: humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm
48.
Anconeus
Origin: humerus

Insertion: ulna
Action: strengthens elbow joint
49.
Epitrochlearis
Origin: latissimus dorsi
Insertion: olecranon process
Action: extends forearm
50.
Biceps brachii
Origin: glenoid fossa
Insertion: radius
Action: flexes forearm
51.
Brachialis
Origin: humerus
Insertion: ulna
Action: flexes forearm
52.
Supinator longus
Origin: humerus
Insertion: radius
Action: supinator of hand
53.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: second metacarpals
Action: extends the hand
54.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: third metacarpals
Action: extends the hand
55.
Extensor digitorum communis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: digits
Action: extends digits
56.
Extensor digitorum lateralis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: digits
Action: extends digits
57.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: fifth metacarpal
Action: extends fifth digit
58.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process
Insertion: pisiform
Action: flexes carpals
59.
Palmaris longus
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: phalanges
Action: flexes digits
60.
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: second and third metacarpals
Action: flexes second and 3rd metacarpals

61.
Pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radius
Action: pronator of hand
62.
Tensor fascia latae
Origin: ilium
Insertion: fascia lata
Action: tightens fascia lata
63.
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischium
Insertion: patella and tibia
Action: abducts thigh, flexes shank
64.
Caudofemoralis
Origin: caudal vertebrae
Insertion: patella
Action: abducts thigh, extends shank
65.
Gluteus maximus
Origin: sacral and caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: abducts thigh
66.
Gluteus medius
Origin: sacral and caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: abducts thigh
67.
Sartorius
Origin: ilium
Insertion: patella and tibia
Action: adducts and rotates thigh, extends shank
68.
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter
Insertion: patella
Action: extends shank
69.
Rectus femoris
Origin: ilium
Insertion: patella
Action: extends shank
70.
Vastus intermedius
Origin: femur
Insertion: patella
Action: extends shank
71.
Vastus medialis
Origin: femur
Insertion: patella
Action: extends shank
72.
Gracilis
Origin: ischial and pubic symphysis
Insertion: tibia
Action: adducts thigh
73.
Adductor longus
Origin: pubis

Insertion: femur
Action: adducts and extends thigh
74.
Adductor femoris
Origin: pubis
Insertion: femur
Action: adducts and extends thigh
75.
Semimembranosus
Origin: ischium
Insertion: medial epicondyle of femur
Action: extends thigh
76.
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischium
Insertion: tibia
Action: flexes shank
77.
Tenuissimus
Origin: second caudal vertebrae
Insertion: patella and tibia
Action: abducts thigh
78.
Tibialis anterior
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: first metatarsal
Action: flexes foot
79.
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion: phalanges
Action: extends digits
80.
Gastrocnemius
Origin: femur, tendon, and fascia lata of plantaris
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: extends foot
81.
Plantaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of femur and patella
Insertion: digits
Action: flexes digits
82.
Soleus
Origin: fibula
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: extends foot
83.
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: digits
Action: flexes digits
84.
Tibialis posterior
Origin: tibia and fibula
Insertion: scaphoid and medial cuneiform
Action: extends foot