PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 1

Find the following limits:

lim

x 1

3x + 5

3x + 5 -

5x + 3

(2)

x2 - 1

lim

x 1+

[ Ans: 1 ]

sin x

lim

(1 )

x -1+

( 13 )

lm

x3

[ Ans: -

3
3

Ans:

2 ]

(4)

ns :

1
4

x5 + 1

1
(
7

x 4 - 8x 2 - x - 6

35 +

(6)

(8)

lim

( 10 )

1
1
4
4
( 3x + 3 ) - ( 4x + 1 )
lim
x2
x3 - 8

Ans : 144 3

2 (2 -

tan x - 1
x -

lim

2 sin x

3)

[ Ans: 2 ]

sin 3x

cos 3x

3 tan x

Ans : 4

1
-

2 ]

x + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x n - n
x - 1
x 1
lim

n(n + 1 )

Ans :
2

21 )

59

Ans : 39

[ Ans: - 3

+ 1

2x 3 - 15x - 9

lim

x3 + 1 +

w
w

(9)

lim

.e

(7)

cos x

xa

tan-1 x

x4

ce
.c

lim

x3 - 1 +

[ Ans:

ra

(5)

a - b

Ans : c - d

sin ax - sin bx
x 0 sin cx - sin dx
lim

(3)

om

(1)

x + 7 -

( 12 )

( 14 )

lim

x2

x 6 - 64
1
1
x3 - 23

20

Ans : 9 2 3

3 x + 6 - 3 2x + 4
x2
x2 - 4

lim

Ans : - 48

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 2

Find the following limits:

( 17 )

lim

2x - 1

1
x
2

( 16 )

Ans :

cos ax - cos bx
cos
cx - cos dx
x0
lim

( 18 )

( 1 + mx )n - ( 1 + nx ) m
x2
mn ( n - m )

Ans :
2

lim

xn + 1 - ( n + 1) x + n
( x - 1 )2

x 1

.e

2 5x - 2 3x
sin
x0

w
w

lim

25

( 27 )

( 29 )

log x - 1
x - e
xe
lim

lim

lim

( x n - a n ) - na

lim
n

2 log 2 ]

[ Ans :

1
, n N
n ( n + 1)

e -1

1(x - a)

x - a )2

xa

n ( n - 1) n - 2

Ans :
2

( 20 )

lim

n ( n + 1)

[ Ans :

( 1 + a 2 ) sec 2 a

x 1 1 - xm

, m, n N

1 - xn
m - n

Ans :
2

lim

( 22 )

, nN

An

( 23 )

tan - 1 x - tan - 1 a

ra

x0

xa

( 21 )

lim

xa

tan x - tan a

[ Ans :

a2 - b2
Ans :

c 2 - d 2

( 19 )

lim

om

( 15 )

ce
.c

sin -1 x -

[ Ans: 1 ]

1

n 2 + n + 1 - n Ans :
2

12 + 32 + 52 + ... + ( 2n - 1 )2
[ 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( 2n - 1 ) ] n
4

Ans : 3

( 24 )

1 - x x
lim

x0 1 + x

( 26 )

( 28 )

( 30 )

lim

lim

lim

r =1

Ans: e - 2

Ans : 2 log e

1 n
3
n

n3 ,
n n2

n N

x tan x

x 0 ex - 2 + e-x

Ans : 4

[ Ans: 1 ]

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 3

Find the following limits:

( 33 )

Ans : log e

lim

x4 + 1 -

( 34 )
1

Ans : - 2

[ Ans: - 24 ]

cos x +
6

x -

lim +

xa

a +

lim

1- x - 3

x-8

2 + 3 x

w
w

( 39 )

.e

( 41 )

( 43 )

( 45 )

sin x o
x
x0

( sin -1 x ) 2

lim

x0 1 -

lim

-2]

180

[ Ans: 2 ]

1 - x2

5 + cos x - 2
(

- x )2

( 38 )

Ans : 8

Ans : - 4

a x + 1 - 2a x - a + 2

0 a x + 1 - 3a x - a + 3

a - 2

Ans : a - 3

a2 - x2 + ( a - x )

lim -

xa

a3 - x3 +

2a

[ Ans :

Ans:

lim

3 + x2

( log 3 ) ( log 2 ) ]

- 1

x 1

x - a

x2 - a2

xa

( 37 )

[ Ans :

7 + x3

lim

ra

lim

x2

x0

( 36 ) lim

tan3 x - 3 tan x

( 35 )

6x - 3x - 2x + 1

lim

x2 + 1

x2

x0

( 32 )

om

e 3x - 2e 2x + 2 x
x
x0
lim

ce
.c

( 31 )

, a > 0

a - x

Ans :
a

( 40 )

( 42 )

( 44 )

lim

lim

x4 - 4
2 x 2 + 3x

1 + x 2 - 1 ) sin - 1 x

x0

lim

e tan

( 46 ) lim

- 1h

- e

Ans : 2

sin - 1 h

tan - 1 h - sin - 1 h

h0

Ans : 5

2 - 8

( tan - 1 x ) 3

3 + 1
2a

[ Ans: 1 ]

x + 33 x + 55 x
3x - 2 + 3 2x - 3

Ans :

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 4

Find the following limits:

( 53 )

( sin 2x )

lim

x0

lim

Ans : e 2

tan2 2x

(1 -

4x

9]

[ Ans :

1 - x
x

e- 4

( 50 )

( n + 1 ) + ( n + 2 ) + ... + ( n + n )
n2

( 48 )

lim ( cos x )

x0

3x - 2

x 3x +

lim

.e

2
r = 1 4r - 1

x
lim

x +

x + x

w
w

( 57 )

( 59 )

( 61 )

lim

Ans : 2

cos

( 52 )

( 54 )

( 56 )

( 58 )
1

Ans : 2

x
x
cos
2
22

... cos

x
2n

lim

x 0

35 x - 2

7x + 1
35
Ans : 49
x

e- 1

5 ( log e 2 ) 2

( 60 )

[ Ans :

n0

8n - 4 n - 2n + 1
5 -

4 + cos n

[ Ans :
lim

3n + 1 - 2n

[ Ans: 3 ]

n 3n + 2n + 1

xe - x - ae - a
x - a
xa
lim

lim

[ Ans :

( 1 - a ) e -a

1 - cos { 1 - cos ( 1 - cos ) }

8

sin x

Ans :
x

lim

e- 4

sin x

m
xa

lim

[ Ans :

3x

sin x x - sin x
lim

0 x

Ans : 2

( 55 )

Ans : e 2

cot 2 x

om

( 51 )

x2 - 9

x3

lim

[ Ans :

ce
.c

( 49 )

( x 3 + 27 ) log ( x - 2 )

lim

ra

( 47 )

Ans : 128

( 62 )

e x - e x
x 0 sin x - sin x
lim

[ Ans: 1 ]

PROBLEMS
Find the following limits:

y a

sin

y - a
y
tan
2
2a

( 64 )

Ans:

( 65 )

lim

1 - cos ( 1 - cos x )
x4

x0

sin -1 x - sin -1 a
x - a
xa
lim

Ans :

Ans : 8

( 66 )

om

lim

Page 5

4 sec -1 x -

lim

( 68 ) Prove that

( a + h ) sin ( a + h ) - a sin a
h
h0
2

lim

a 2 cos a + 2a sin a

( 69

Prove that

2
1- a
1

[ Ans: 2

2]

lim ( 3x + 2 ) 5

x2

lim x 2 sin

x0

1
= 0
x

[ Ans :

ra

( 67 )

x -

ce
.c

( 63 )

11 - LIMIT

1
,

x l
l 2x - 3 l
5

3
x R -
2

as the complement of an interval.

[ Ans: R - ( - 1, 4 ) ]

.e

( 70 ) Express

xa

Solve the following problems:

w
w

( 71 ) Express 1 neighbourhood of 0.1 in the interval and modulus forms.

( 72 )

[ Ans: ( - 0.9, 1.1 ), l x - 0.1 l < 1 ]

Express the following set in the form of an interval and also in the form N ( p, ),
p R, > 0.
{ x l 0 l 3x + 1 l < 2, x R }.

1
2

1
, N - ,

Ans : - 1,
3
3

1
1
( 73 ) Express x l
,

l 3x + 2 l
5

2
x R - -
3

as the complement of an interval.

Ans : R - - , 1
3

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 6

( 74 ) Prove that the intersection of two - neighbourhoods of p is a - neighbourhood of p.

x < -1
x = 0
x > 1,

( 76 ) If f ( x ) = x,
= 0,
2
= x ,

then can we find

lim f ( x ) ?

om

Assuming that the intersection of two open intervals is either empty or it is an open
interval, prove that the intersection of two neighbourhoods of p R is a
neighbourhood of p.

ce
.c

( 75 )

x0

[ Ans: No. Q f is not defined in any neighbourhood of zero. ]

lxl
, for x 0, f ( 0 ) = 1.
x
[ Ans: discontinuous ]

) =

ra

( 77 ) Examine the continuity of f at x = 0 where f (

( 78 ) Examine the continuity of f ( x ) = [

xa

( 79 ) If for each x, a D f , we hav

continuous at a.

( 80 ) For f ( x ) = x - [ x ]

lim

x n-

l f ( x ) - f ( a ) l l x - a l, then prove that f is

f ( x ) and

.e

fi d

], x R at n Z.
[ Ans: discontinuous n Z ]

lim

x n+

f ( x ) where n Z and hence

w
w

examine the co inui y of f at n.

1
x
e

1
x
- e
,
1
+ e x
-

x 0,

then prove that

lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x0

( 81 ) If f ( x )

1
x
e

[ Ans: discontinuous ]

n
n
n
+ + ... +
n
2
1
( 82 ) Is it true that lim
= log e 2 ?
n
n0

n
Ans : No. In , n N.
r

n is not defined everywhere in any neighbourhood of 0.

( 83 ) Express 2.123123123.. as a vulgar fraction

707

Ans : 333

x
1
ex

x 0,

Page 7

lim f ( x ) .

[ Ans: 0 ]

find

- 1

( 85 ) Find limit of the sequence

1 5
,
9 13

( 86 ) Find limit of the sequence

13
,
1 2 3

x0

27
,
12 17

3 9
, .....
15 21

Ans : 6

ce
.c

( 84 ) If f ( x ) =

11 - LIMIT

om

PROBLEMS

23
,
455

33
, ..
787

Ans : 18

ra

( 87 ) Obtain the maximum > 0 such that x, x N ( 2, ) f ( x ) N ( 13, 0.001 ),

where f ( x ) = 4x + 5, x R.
[ Ans: 0.00025 ]

( 88 ) For f ( x ) = 2x, x 1 + , n N , show that

n

x N ( 1, ), x D f l f x ) - 2 l < . What can be said about

x l x +

w
w

.e

( 89 ) Express

xa

[ Ans: limit does not exist as

x l 1 +

< 4,

is not defined everywhere in any neighbourhood of 1 ]

x R,

[ Ans :

3
x

> 2,

x R -

x 0

( - 2, -

{0}

as the union of the intervals.

3 , -2 +

3 ) (2 -

3, 2 +

3)

as the union of the intervals.

[ Ans: ( - 1, 0 ) ( 0, 3 ) ]

( 90 ) Exp ess

1
x

lim f ( x ) ?

x 1

13
( 1 ) Express x l x 2 2

<

5
,
2

x R

as the union of the intervals.

[ Ans: ( - 3, - 2 ) ( 2, 3 ) ]

( 92 ) Prove that

lim f ( x )

x4

where f ( x ) =

x - [

x]

does not exist.

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

( 93 ) Find the limit of the sequence

5,

5 ,

Page 8

5 ,

3n

3n

om

( 94 ) Find minimum m N such that n m f ( n ) ( 1, 0.01 ), f ( n ) =

[ Ans: 5 ]

( 96 ) If f ( x ) =

ce
.c

If f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) x, y R and if f is continuous at x = 0, then prove

that f is continuous at every x R.

( 3sin x - 1 ) 2
,
x log ( 1 + x )

x 0 is continuous at x = 0, then find f ( 0 ).

sin ( a + 1 ) x + sin x
,
x
= c,

( 97 ) If f ( x ) =

x > 0

is continuous at x = 0, then find a, b, c.

.e

w
w

= A sin x + B,

< x <

is continuous on R, then find A and B.

[ Ans: A = - 1, B = 1 ]

= cos x,

3
Ans : a = - 2 , b 0, c =

x -

( 98 ) If f ( x ) = - 2 sin x,

x = 0

1
- x2

( log 3 ) 2

x < 0

xa

1
( x + bx 2 ) 2
3
bx 2

[ Ans :

ra

( 95 )

[ Ans: 5 ]

.....

Solve the following problems of infinite series:

( 99 ) Find

n3 + n2 n
x
n!
n=1

and hence obtain

n3 + n2
n!
n=1
3
2
x
[ Ans: ( x + 4x + 2x ) e ,

7e ]

PROBLEMS

11 - LIMIT

Page 9

Solve the following problems of infinite series:

+ 3 + + n ,

then find

Sn x n
.
n!
n=1
1

3
2
x
Ans : 6 ( 2x + 9x + 6x ) e

1+ x

1 + x + x2
lim
+
+ ... = e
3!
x 1 2 !

n
( 102 ) Prove that n ! >

1+

( 103 ) Prove that

1
1
+ ....
2
2!
4!
= 1+
2
1
1
e - 1
+
+ ....
3!
5!

ra

( 104 ) Find

2 ( n + 1)
n = 1 ( 2n + 1 ) !

( 105 ) Find

7
9
11
+
+
+ ...
3 4 5
5 6 7
7 8 9

[ Ans: e - 2 ]

11

Ans : 3 log 2 - 6

xa

log x ) 2n - 1
x2 - 1
=
( 2n - 1 ) !
2x

.e

( 106 ) Prove that

om

( 101 ) Prove that 1 +

ce
.c

( 100 ) If S n = 1 + 2

w
w

( 107 ) Find

1 xn - 1

n
1 n ( x + 1)

108 ) Prove that

[ Ans: log x ]

( 2n - 1 ) ( 2x + 1 ) ( 2n - 1 )

= log

1+ x
x

( 109 ) Find approximate value of ( 131 ) 3

( 110 ) If n is very large, prove that

correct to four decimal places.

1+

1
11
= e 1 +
2n
24n 2

[ Ans: 5.0788 ]