Summer 2000 CH1 Mark Scheme

1.

(a)

(i)
(ii)

(b)

they are isotopes (1)

The word isotope or some derivative is essential

(iii)

S2 / sulphide(2) ion / sulphur 2 ion / sulphur with two extra electrons (1)
but not just S or sulphur
1

(i)

X(g) + eX-(g) + e-

(ii)

(c)

electrons 16.. protons 16 neutrons 16.

All correct (1)

X (g) (S(g) + e S (g)) (1)

X (g) (S (g) + e S (g)) (1)
-

2-

2-

can have Z in place of X2- but not Z2Penalize omission of state symbol (g) only once.

adding a negative onto a negative species requires energy to overcome

repulsion (1)
or
second electron repelled by negative charge
Not second electron repelled by first

(decay from) Y produces only one isotope( 35Cl) (1)

natural sample contains two isotopes (35 and 37) (1)

2
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2.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(i)

magnesium / lead / iron (1)

(ii)

iron (1)

(iii)

carbon / phosphorus (1)

(iv)

magnesium / lead (1)

(v)

carbon / lead (1)

Helium (1)
because it is the smallest atom (1)
with an unshielded nucleus (1)
Hydrogen can score max 1 for unshielded nucleus
If candidate chooses Carbon, i.e. uses list from part (a),
can score 1mark for reference to smallest atom

(i)

ability of a positive ion / cation to attract electrons / distort / pull the electron
cloud (1)
around an anion (1)
2

(ii)

size (1) Not atomic radius

charge (1)
charge density worth (2)
volume of ion can score in place of size

magnesium chloride
magnesium ion smaller than calcium ion (1)
polarizes / distorts / attracts electrons around chloride more (1)

(iii)

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Summer 2000 CH1 Mark Scheme

250
Boiling point

200

3.

(a)

150
100
50
0

50
100
Molar mass

150

4 correct points (2 marks) 3 correct points (1mark)

(b)

(i)

increase in number of electrons in molecule or increase in size of molecule

(1) not mass
increased( vdW )forces of attraction between molecules
( need to be overcome ) (1)
These are two separate points e.g bigger molecules have greater vdW forces
scores 2 marks
2

(c)

(ii)

250 290 (1) ignore units

(iii)

+2 oxidation state is more stable( than +4 ) (1)

so +4 likely to decompose to +2 (1) not decomposes to lead
OR
in PbH4 long (1) and therefore weak bonds /
likely to break (1)

tetrahedral / or diagram (1) Words can be used to recover a poor diagram

4 pairs of electrons around Si (1) These can be shown on the diagram
pairs repel to positions of least interaction / as far apart as possible (1)
Not repulsion of hydrogens or bonds

(d)

(i)

energy required (in kJ) mol-1to remove a mole of electrons (1)

from a mole of gaseous atoms (1)

There must be some mention of mole for full marks.

An equation can be used to recover the second mark
A full equation with reference to H kJmol-1 scores 2 marks
(ii)

electron configuration 2,8,4 (1)

any sensible use of data (1)
eg(big )jump to 16000 suggests 4 electrons in outer shell
next (big) jump to 235000 after 8 electrons then 2

2
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Summer 2000 CH1 Mark Scheme

4.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

Correct step (1) matched to correct Oxidation Number change (1)

e.g step 1from 0 to +2 / Fe to Fe2+
step 3 from +2 to +3 / Fe2+ to Fe3+
step 4 from 0 to +3 / Fe to Fe3+
(dilute)sulphuric acid / H2SO4/ CuSO4(aq) (1)
Not concentrated sulphuric acid
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 / Cu2+ + Fe Fe2+ + Cu (1)
Ignore state symbols

The use of an (aq) in the equation can rescue omission of solution for
copper sulphate
(iii)

(aqueous) sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia (1) or

correct formula
cation is Fe(H2O)62+ (1) or equivalent in words
and base removes H+ from two waters / outside (1)to leave Fe(H2O)4(OH)2
Full balanced equation can score 1mark
e.g Fe(H2O)62++ 2OH Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 + 2H2O (1)

(iv)

enthalpy of hydration/ability of water to solvate the ion (1)

(v)

colour
variable oxidation states
complex (ion) formation

(b)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

any 2

moles of manganate(VII) = 37.5 103 0.02 mol

= 7.5 104 (1)

Multiply by 5 (1)
5 7.50 104 mol Fe2+ = 3.75 103 mol Fe2+ in 25 cm3

Multiply by 10 (1)
= 3.75 102 mol in 250 cm3 so same in solid

Answer to (iii) multiplied by 90 (1) multiplied by 100/4 (1)

3.75 102 (56+17+17) = 3.375g
% = 3.375/4 100 = 84.4%

If significant figures >4 maximum 1 mark for part(iv)

Alternative route
(iv)

Number of moles of Fe(OH)2 if pure = 4.00 / 90

= 0.0444moles
% purity = 0.0375 100
0.0444
= 84.46%

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